北京朝阳区2025-2026学年下学期期末检测高一英语试卷

北京朝阳区2025-2026学年下学期期末检测高一英语试卷2026.7(考试时间100分钟满分100分)本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用(共三节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WhenIwasateenager,therewasaspecialshopinmytown.Itsoldmanylovelythings,likebeautifulstones,greetingcards,andabouteverythingelseateenagesoulcould____1____.Onmyfifteenthbirthday,Iboughtalittleunicornornamentthere.Fiftyyearslater,itstillsitsonmybookshelf.Oneday,Lona,mylittlegranddaughter,toldmeexcitedly,“Granny,it’sNationalUnicornDaythisFriday!”“Oh,isit?”Ismiled.____2____,shecontinued.“Weallbringsomethingunicornyandtheclassvotes.Thebestonewinsaprize!”Hereyes____3____.“Iwaswondering...couldItakeyourspecialunicorn?I’llbe____4____.”Shehesitated.“I’dlovetowinjustonce.”Afloodofemotionscameoverme.Allmyteenage____5____areconnectedtotheunicorn,whichaccompaniedmeforyears.Itsattractionformewasitsmysteryand____6____,asecretthatonlyIhadaccesstowhenIwantedto____7____theordinaryworld.Iwantedtorefuseher,butIcouldn’t.Lonaisashy,uncertainkidwithonlyafewfriends.Shetrieshardtofitin,buteachtimeshefails,her____8____weakens.ForLona,theunicornmeanshavingsomethingincommonwithherlittleplaymates—being____9____.So,Ismiledandshehadheranswer.Isn’titagoodthingthatthesedayseverychildcanfindaunicorneasilywhenevertheyneedone?Theimportantthingistobelieveinits____10____.Andifyoudo,theworldcanbeanicerplaceforalittlewhile.1.A.bring B.desire C.consider D.remember2.A.Challenged B.Relaxed C.Encouraged D.Satisfied3.A.shined B.closed C.softened D.shifted4.A.kind B.careful C.patient D.honest5.A.memories B.lessons C.choices D.hobbies6.A.usefulness B.familiarity C.popularity D.specialness7.A.returnto B.dealwith C.lookfor D.escapefrom8.A.ambition B.confidence C.interest D.energy9.A.included B.protected C.rewarded D.admired10.A.beauty B.nature C.magic D.purpose第二节选词填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的单词或词组，并用其正确形式填空。effectivejoyousoccurovercomeapartfrombebasedonengageincomeupwithrefertotakechargeof11.Themovie________areal-lifestory.12.Wediscussedthecaseand________aplan.13.He________thefarmafterhisfatherretired.14.She________injuriestowintheOlympicgoldmedal.15.Hedecidedthathewouldn’tletthatsituation________again.16.Nowadays,alargenumberofpeople________regularexercise.17.________personalefforts,teamworkplaysakeyroleinourstudy.18.Thislearningmethodisparticularly________inmemorizingvocabulary.19.Weshouldoften________officialplatformsforreliabledigitalresources.20.Theyaresinging________songstocelebratethearrivaloftheNationalDay.(请务必将第11至20题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内)第三节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。21.________(devote)towritingfilms,hefinallyachievedglobalsuccess.(所给词的适当形式填空)22.Thehouse,________(build)in1760,hassurvivedtwomajordisasters.(所给词的适当形式填空)23.Reviewingnotesregularly________(help)rememberkeypointsbetter.(所给词的适当形式填空)24.Theexpertwith________youtalkedjustnowknowsdataanalysiswell.(用适当的词填空)25.Theyjoinedanenvironmentalclub,________(hope)toprotectthelocalrivers.(所给词的适当形式填空)26.________impressestheworldmostaboutChinaisitsrapideconomicdevelopment.(用适当的词填空)27.Wearelookingforwardto________(attend)theonlinelectureonspaceexploration.(所给词的适当形式填空)28.Manyyoungpeopleenjoy________(create)shortvideostosharetheirdailylifeonline.(所给词的适当形式填空)29.Thekeytosolvingtheproblemis________(find)asolutionthatmeetseveryone’sneeds.(所给词的适当形式填空)30.Itiswidelybelieved________astablefamilyenvironmentiscrucialforachild’sgrowth.(用适当的词填空)(请务必将第21至30题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ALovetravelphotography?Perhapsyou’vebeenonholidayabroadortravellingwithintheUKrecently?Thenationalroundof2026EISAMaestroPhotographyContestisopenforentries!FoundedsixteenyearsagobytheExpertImagingandSoundAssociation(EISA),thiscontestencouragesyou—hobbyistsorsemi-professionalphotographers—toshowyourownunderstandingofthisyear’stheme“Travelling”.RulesThecontesthastwocategories:SingleandSeries.IntheSinglecategory,youmaypresentonepicturebasedonthisyear’stheme.IntheSeriescategory,youmaypresentasetof5-8picturesbasedonthetheme.Youmaycompeteinonecategoryonly.Allentriesmustbedigitalandmustnothavewonaprizeinanyothercompetition.AI-generatedimagesandpicturesolderthan2023areexcluded.Emailyourentrytoap.Maestro@kelsey.co.uk.ImagesmustbeJPEGandaminimumof2,000pixels(像素)onthelongestside.Entriesmustcomewithyourname,postaladdress,emailandphonenumber.JudgingandPrizesThetopthreeineachcategorywillbechosenbytheteamatAmateurPhotographer(AP)magazine.TheywillbepublishedinanAugust2026issueofAPandreceiveaprizeof€500.Additionally,thefirst-placewinnerswillreceiveaone-yeardigitalsubscriptiontoAPandwillgoforwardtotheinternationalround.Thewinningentriesfromeachofthe15participatingEISAcountrieswillthenbejudgedtogetherattheAssociation’sGeneralMeetinginOctober2026.ThefinalresultswillbecelebratedattheEISAAwardsGalaonDecember15th,2026.Singlepicturewinnerwillreceive€1,000andanEISAMaestroTrophy(奖杯)whilepictureserieswinnerwillreceive€2,000andanEISAMaestroTrophy.Grabyourcamera,recordyourjourney,andshareyouruniquetravelstorieswiththeworld!31.TheEISAMaestroPhotographyContestaimsto________.A.promotetheme-basedtravel B.celebratethefoundingofEISAC.trainprofessionalphotographers D.encourageexplorationofatheme32.Whichofthefollowingphotoscanbeallowedinthecontest?A.PNGphotos. B.Photosinprint.C.Photostakenin2024. D.Award-winningphotos.33.First-placewinnersinthenationalroundwill________.A.winaprizeof€1,000 B.advancetointernationaljudgingC.beannouncedonDecember15th,2026 D.enjoyaprintsubscriptionfromAPforayearBThestartofEmClarkson’srunningjourneywasmarkedbynegativity.Asateenager,shetookuprunningonlyforweightloss,apainfulexchangeofcaloriesforself-worth—nothingtodowithenjoymentorgoodmentalhealth.Sheexplains,“I’dexercisejusttoloseweightanditneverworkedbecauseIhatedit.”Yearslater,oncethedarkdaysofschoolPEwereamemory,shetriedagain.Butasshesays,shestillfoundithardtoruntheannoyingfirstmile.Thatsinglemileprovedimpossibleforalongtime,until2025,whenEmwasaskedifshewantedtorunamarathonandshe—forsomeunaccountablereason,aftersomanyfalsestarts—saidyes!Shestartedtrainingandmadeahugebreakthrough.Thistime,shegottotheonceunreachablemilemarkerandslappedthewallthatmarkedthedistance.Butthemostsignificantshiftwasn’tphysical;itwaspsychological.Justbeforetherace,Emrememberedcatchingherselflookinginthemirrorandthinkingthatshewasn’tfitenoughtodoit.Sherealizedshehadalwaysthoughtshewasn’treadybecauseshedidn’tlookready.Shesays,“Ihadthisrealshiftinmindsetatthatmoment.WhileIwaswaitingtolooklikearunner,I’dactuallybecomeone.”ThatrealizationchangedeverythingforEm.Thefocusshiftedentirelytomentalbenefits.Runningbecameapowerfultoolforhermentalhealth.Shefoundprideinherbodyandarealpassionforthephysicalchallenge.Afewyearslater,EmandherfriendsstartedtocallthemselvestheHAGS(HaveAGos).Theyhavebuiltasupportivecommunityforrunners,whoreceivepre-racetraining,joinvariousracesandruntogetheroneventdays.Em’smessagetootherrunnersisacalltoself-compassion(自我关怀),“Youdon’thavetobegoodatsomethingtotryitortokeepdoingit.Ifyouhaterunning,don’trun.Ifyouarebadatrunningbutyouloveit,doit.Likeinlife,dowhatmakesyouhappy,evenwhenthatlooksdifferentfromwhatyouexpected.”34.WhydidEmClarksonworkoutinherteenageyears?A.ToimprovePEgrade. B.Tostrengthenmentalfitness.C.Toachieveabetterbodyshape. D.Tobuildupoverallphysicalstrength.35.WhatdidEmClarksonrealizebeforeherfirstmarathon?A.Waitingtolooklikearunnerheldherback. B.Sheneededtolosemoreweighttobeready.C.Shewasprofessionalenoughtocompletetherace. D.Physicalappearancematteredforherperformance.36.WhatdoweknowabouttheHAGS?A.Theycreateacaringatmosphere. B.Theysetstrictstandardsforthemselves.C.Theyputpre-racetrainingatthefirstplace. D.Theyencouragecompetitionwithintheteam.37.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Opportunitiesfavorthepreparedmind.B.Falsestartsarenecessaryforachievinggoals.C.Pushingyourselftothelimitsleadstosuccess.D.Doingwhatyoulovemeansmorethanbeinggoodatit.CHaveyoueverwalkedintoaroomandthenwonderedwhyyouwentthere?Ifyou’veexperiencedthisphenomenon,you’vehadaprospectivememorylapse(失误).Thereisrealsciencebehind.Recently,GillesEinstein’sresearchhasestablishedprospectivememoryasadifferentcognitivesystem,notsimplyretrospectivememoryappliedtofutureevents.Hesuggeststhatretrospectivememorycoverswhathappened:facts,events,conversations,whileprospectivememorycoverswhatneedstohappen:intentions,commitments,futureactions.Themostimportantfindingfromhisresearchisabouthowintentionsareretrieved.Itturnsoutthatthesystemisfundamentallyevent-caused,nottime-triggered.Intentionssurfaceinmemorywhenenvironmentaleventsmatchtheinnerrepresentationoftheintendedaction’scontext,notatarbitrary(任意的)times.Thisexplainsacommonfailuremode:settingatime-basedreminderfor3:00PMtosendafollow-upemail.At3:00PM,youareinadifferentmeeting,thereminderfires,youignoreit,andthefollow-upnevergetssent,becausethesignal—anotificationsound—doesn’tmatchthecontextrequiredtoconducttheaction,suchasbeingatyourdeskwiththerelevantemailopen.So,whydoweremembertheintentionfiveminutesafteritwasrelevant,butnotwhenweneededit?Thisisthecharacteristicprospectivememoryfailurepattern.Theintentionwasencodedcorrectly.Thefailureisatretrieval;theinternalcuethatwouldsurfacetheintentionattherightmomentdidnotfire.Fiveminuteslater,asecondarycuetriggersthebelatedretrieval.Thedelaybetweenthefailureandtherecognitionisnotthesameasforgetting.Itisaretrievaltimingfailurespecifictoprospectivememory.Externalcuesystemssolvethisbyplacingtheretrievaltriggeroutsidethemindentirely.Thisnaturallybringsupanotherquestion:isthereanageeffectonprospectivememory?Theresearchshowsanuancedagepattern.Laboratoryprospectivememorytasksshowage-relateddecline.Butnaturalisticprospectivememory,rememberingrealintentionsinreallife,showslessdeclinewithage,andsometimesimprovement.Thedifferenceisexplainedbycompensatory(补偿的)strategyuse:olderadultsaremorelikelytouseexternalaids,structuredroutines,andenvironmentalcues.Youngeradultsrelymoreoninternalmonitoring.Theresearchonnaturalisticprospectivememorysuggeststhisisalearnablecompensation,notanage-specificlimitation.Thegoodnewsisthatmostofthetimeprospectivememoryworkswellautomatically.Forthetimesitdoesn’t,sciencetellsusit’snotafailingofyourmemory.Youjustneedtoleaveyourselfabetternote.38.Whatcanwelearnaboutprospectivememory?A.Itisapartofretrospectivememory. B.Itbenefitsfromtime-basedreminders.C.Itfailswhenthecontextismismatched. D.Itusespastexperiencesforfutureactions.39.Whatdoestheword“retrieved”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Recovered. B.Assessed. C.Generated. D.Expressed.40.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Memorydeclineisafixedbiologicallimit.B.Olderadultstendtoloseprospectivememory.C.Externaltriggersarereliableregardlessofage.D.Forgettingintentionscausesprospectivememorylapse.41.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ComparingProspectiveandRetrospectiveMemoryB.TheMysteryofWhyWeOftenForgettoRememberC.ProspectiveMemory:TheKeytoNeverMissingTasksD.HowtoImprovetheAbilitytoRemembertoRememberDModernphysicsprovidesapowerfulframeworkforunderstandingreality.Injustoveracentury,ithasdecodedthestructureofatoms,tracedtheearlyhistoryoftheuniverseandproducedlawsthatseemtoholdeverywhere.ButlatelyIhavestartedtowonderwhetherphysicsislessawindowintouniversalrealityandmoreofamirror,reflectingthemindswehappentohave.Thatunsettlingthoughtemergeswhenaseeminglysimplequestionisasked:wouldaliens,shapedbyadifferentbiologyorculture,arriveatthesamephysicsasus?Evidenceofthiscanbefoundinourowntheories.Quantumentanglement(量子纠缠)linksdistantparticles(粒子)sothatmeasuringoneseemstoimmediatelysetthestateoftheother,despitethefactthattherecanbenoinformationexchangebetweenthem.Somephysicistshavetakenamoredaringapproach.Futureeventsareallowedtohelpshapethepresent.Measurementsdon’tmerelyrevealoutcomes;theyhelpdefinethem,evenhackwardsintime.Ifalienshadaradicallydifferentconstructoftime,theymightadoptsuchideasnaturally,ratherthantreatingthemasunsettlingexceptions.Imaginethataliensarrivebyopeningawormhole.Weassumetheyhavedeepinsightsintogravity,butwhatiftheydon’t?Whatiftheirspace-bendingtechnologyistheresultofmillionsofyearsoftrialanderrorratherthantheoreticalunderstanding?Theyknowhowtobuildanduseit,butnotwhyitworks,andtheymaynotcare.Thissoundsimpossibleonlybecauseweareusedtothinkingoftechnologyastheoffspringofscience.Yet,historically,humansmadesteel,glassandantihioticslongbeforeunderstandingtheunderlyingchemistryorhiology.Prohablyanyintelligentspecieswouldbedriventoask“why”.Butthaturgemayreflecthumanpsychologyratherthanauniversalfeatureofintelligence.Otherspeciesmightbuildtechnologieswithouteverdevelopingphysics—notbecausetheyfailedtotakethenextstep,butbecausethestepneverseemednecessary.Inthissense,physicsresultsfrommanyhumanchoices:aboutwhatcountsasanexplanation,whichinconsistenciesmatterandwhichquestionsareworthaskingatall.Itreflectsourhistory,ourtoolsandourvaluesasmuchasitreflectsthestructureoftheuniverse.Recognisingthatdoesn’tweakenphysics.Themoreawareweareoftheassumptionsbakedintoourtheoriesandmethods,abouttime,causality,truthandexplanation,themorefreedomwegaintorethinkthem.42.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Scientificlawsarebeyondquestion.B.Physicsmayreflecthowhumansinterpretreality.C.Intelligentspecieshaveasharedunderstandingofphysics.D.Humanthinkingoffersaframeworkforscientificknowledge.43.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Scienceisnecessaryfortechnologies.B.Theconstructoftimeisunchangeable.C.Resultscanexistindependentlyofmeasurements.D.Turningcauseandeffectaroundmaybeanaturalidea.44.Asforwhethermodernphysicsreflectsuniversalreality,theauthoris__________.A.cautious B.supportive C.doubtful D.unconcerned第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Imagineascientistclicking“send”onanewresearcharticlemeantforthegeneralpublic.He’sconfident.Afterall,he’spublisheddozensofpeer-reviewedpapersandledawell-fundedlabforyears.____45____Whentheeditoropensthepiece,she’sconfused.There’snoclearintroduction,nohook—justatextbookfromaforeignlanguage.ThisphenomenoniscalledtheDunning-Krugereffect,whichdescribeshowpeopleunskilledinacertainareatendtooverestimatetheirabilityinthatarea.Inthelate1990s,psychologistDavidDunningnoticedthatstudentsseemedsurprisedbytheirpoortestgrades____46____“Ithoughtpeoplemusthavesomeinsightthattheyweredoingbadly,”saysDunning.Tofindout,Dunningteamedupwithagraduatestudent,JustinKruger,tomeasurepeople’sself-confidenceandperformanceinsightinrelationtotheiractualskilllevel.TheresultsledtotheDunning-Krugereffect.Theeffectoccurswhenpeoplearenotawareoftheirownweaknessesinknowledgeorskill.____47____However,theDunning-Krugereffectisn’taboutpeoplewhoaregenerallyoverconfident.Instead,itappliestopeoplewholacktheabilitynotonlytoperformaspecificskillwell,butalsotorecognizetheirownweaknessinthatskill.____48____Itappearsathomeandatwork,andevenwhenwe’reonline.Researcherssuggestthattheriseofsocialmediahasledmanypeopletothisparticularlackofself-awareness.Infact,overconfidencewasespeciallycommonamongthoserelyingheavilyonInternetsources.Toavoidsuchatendencytooverestimateone’sownabilities,Dunningadvisesseekingcomment.Weoftencannotseeourownmistakes,butotherscan.It’salwaysgoodtochecknoteswithotherpeople.____49____Ifyou’resteppingintosomethingnew,youhavetoaskyourself,“Whatdon’tIknow?”A.Howhardcanitbetowritefornon-scientists?B.TheDunning-Krugereffectdoesn’tjustshowupinclassrooms.C.Oftentheymissedquestionstheythoughttheyansweredcorrectly.D.Itissowidespreadthatweallexperienceit,whetherweadmititornot.E.Withoutthisawareness,theyfeelbetterabouttheirabilitiesthantheyshould.F.Believingthatyou’regoodatsomethingdoesn’tautomaticallymakeyougoodatit.G.Askingothersisparticularlyimportantwhenmakingabigdecisionforthefirsttime.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题；第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。WhenIwasakid,therewasnothingIlovedmorethanspendinganafternoondoingartsandcrafts.However,nowadaysthethoughtofmuddyingupthediningtablewithbagsofclayorpotsofpaintfeelslikeaheadache.Fortunately,thereisonecreativeactivitythatdoesn’trequirehugeamountsoftime,space,orenergy:paintbynumbers.Paintbynumberswascreatedinthe1940sbyDanRobbinsatPalmerPaintCompanyandtoday,manypeoplearereturningtoitasacalming,structuredwaytoenjoycreativity.Thekitincludesanumberedcanvas,matchingpaints,brushes,