初升高英语衔接讲义：不定式

高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法【初中不定式考点聚焦】形式：动词不定式基本形式由“todo”构成。它的否定形式“nottodo”。有时可以省略to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义。helpsb.TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus=Itisnoteasyforus多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为—Helikestoplaybasketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.I'msorrytotroubleyou.（表原因）IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主2．Ourteachertoldussp3．Manybuildingsinthecityneedr2．Ourteachertoldussp3．Manybuildingsinthecityneedr【高中不定式考点聚焦】=Q课标解读动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种。动词不定式有及物和不及物之分，有时态和语态的变化。理解不定式的时态和语态变化，如一般式、进行式、完成式等。掌握一些特殊句型中不定式的使用，如It'stimetodosth.,wouldratherdosth.等。 =Q考点清单——不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面，这样可以避免句子“头重脚轻”，是句子e.g.Itisdangeroustoplaywithfire.我们可以得出这样的一个句型：Itis+adj.e.g.Whentoleavehasn’tbeendec1.不定式作主语表具体行为，表特指(对比：动名词作主语表泛指，是抽象行为)。2.不定式作主语三情况：直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-todo短语作1.Ittookyearsofwork(reduce)theindustrialpollutiona2.It’simportantforthefigures(upd3.Whenandwheretostarttheprograms Hedecidedtoinviteallofhisclassmatestoattendtheholidayatthebeach.Hepromisednottotelask,agree,care,choopromise,refuse,want,wish,desire等。如：Herefusedtolendmehisbicycle.IlikewatchingTV,butIdon’tliketoHeshowedushowtodothework.(=HeshoweIdon’tknowwhattodo.WemustdecidewhethertogoorTheenemyhadnochoice要点精讲1：只接todo作宾语的动词:妙记--mecamanage,expect,choose,afford/agree/attempt,refuse,f1.Theyfailed(grasp)theim2.Sheneverseemed(care)whattherestofusthoughtabouthsomestudentsdidn'twant(wear)要点精讲2：接todo/doing意义不同的动forget,remember/regret,goon,stop,can’thelp,mean,try。该考点1.Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways(get)herpermission3.Iremembered(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgo4.Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetriedbackhome.Auseofthecomputernetworkistosende-mails.计算机网2.不定式作表语时常见的主语WhatJoewantstodoseemstotellyous要点精讲：不定式作表语起解释说明作用。主语有实义动词do,作表语的不定式可省to。Ifyouarewrong,theleastthingTheonlythingthathe2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，TheBrownshaveacomfortablehoHehadnoplacetoThecartobeboughtHeisthebestmantodothisjob.Thelastonetoarrive1.Themeeting(hold)now/(hold)y2.Theairport(complete)nextyearwillhelppromote3.Mr.Greenstoodupindefenceoftheboy,sayingthathewasnottheone(bla4.Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology(change)lives.e.g.HewenttoBeijingto/inordeBobtookdownmytelephonenumbersoasnotto/inor不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中：so..JanehurriedbackonlytofindthathermotherhadI’mtootiredtost形容词作表语时，后面可以接不定式作原因状语，用来说明产生某种情绪的原因。可以用于这类结构的常见形容词有：happy,surpre.g.YouwillneverknowhowhappyIwastoseehery动词不定式有时也可以表示条件，一般置于句首，否定不定式表示条件多置于句尾，这时谓语动词常Tohearhimtalk,youwouldthinkheownedthewhole要点精讲1：不定式作目的状语，多用于todo,soastodo,inorde3.Whenaskedwhyhewentther4.Thelocalgovernmentdoesn'thavetosacrificeenvironmental要点精讲2：不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to,1.Hehurriedtothestation,only2.Wouldyoubesokindas3.NowI’mbraveenough(stand)up要点精讲3：不定式用于be+adj+todo构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。2.Modemmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenempexpensive(perform)consis带to的不定式作补语：advidse,allow,ask,beg,encourage,forbid,force,get,order,persuade,remind,require,teach,tell,want,wish,等。Theymadetheworkersworkdayan→Theworkersweremade3.不定式作主语补足语巧记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉notice,let,make,hear,listento,1.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehaves2.Hewasobserved(ent1.Passengersarepermitted(carry)onlyonepieceof2.Energydrinksarenotallowed(make)inAust3.Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme4.Theyarerequired________(process)thefoodthatweeexpected(increase不定式根据语境还可能用进行式、被动式或完成式。2.Policearesearchingforawomanwho三、.不定式的时态和语态××1.一般式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生。TheymadeplanstoliveinParis.2.“tobedone”表示将来，常作定语。而且不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。3.“tohavedone”表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，而且和主语（通常指人）是主动关系。Thisbuildingissaidtohaveb5.“tobedoing”表示两个动作同时发生，不太强调先后顺序。6.“tohavebeendoing”表示表示动作在谓语动词之前发生，而且一直进行着。Iamhappytohavebeenworkinghere.我很开1.Theboypretended(read)t2.Thechildrentalkedsol4.Theenginejustwon'tstart.Somethingseems2．Let’sstartdoingwhatweca5．Hewouldbethelaststud6．Sheexplainedtherulesclearly,ena7．Sheisthefirstwoman8．Myunclerushedtoth9．Ourcommitteehasamajorrole11．Theadvancedscanningtecprecision.(所给词的适当形式填空)distractionsofatouchscreen.(所给词的适当形式填空)14．MyEnglishteacheris18．Withalotofhomework20．Hewasheard(sin22．Weallhavearoletoplayto24．1931年，亚当斯成为第一名获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomanThepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory,26．Tosucceed,youmustbewillingto(面对挑战)insteInthefinalsecondsofagame,Jordanalways29．I30．Manypeopleworktwojobsto(谋生)Ialwaystrymybest3(study)medicine-relatevolunteerworktohelpothers.Lastterm,IjoinedacMyparentsexpectme6(be)akindanOntheChineseNewYear’sEve,thedinnermomentforthewholefamilytosittogetherto biteofthechickenhisgrandfatherhasselectedforhim.Inspite3thecoldoutside,thefamilymembersenjoytcomesbackfromthecity4hissbythehigh-speedtrain.Upontheir6(arrive),theyfindLuo’sparentseagerlhasalsobeen7(special)decoratedforthisjoyousoccasion.Afterditraditionofstayinguplate.Theyeatsnacks,8((light)upwithcolourfulfireworks.meoftheworld’smostfamousrkEventhoughRoute66wasofficiallyremovedfromtheUSHoneoftheworld’smostpopularandculturallysignificantroads.Amust-visitforanyroadtripenthisthemost-Instagrammedroadintheworld,withover2.1millionpostsusingthehashtag#route66.warmemorial,makingitameaningfulandbeaureturningfromtheFirstWorldWar,theGreatOceanRoadconnectsthetownsofTorquayandAllansOnethousandsixhundredmileslong,theWildAtlanticWayrunsalongmostofIrelEurope’smostwesterlyroad.WithpanoramicvifeaturesstunningnaturalrockformationsliketheCliffsofMoherandSlieveLelandmarkssuchastheFanadHeadLighthouseandtheBaltimoreBemelyInstagrammablesights.Itiswellworthavisitforroad-triplovers,pfyoucantravelthereinquietermonthsoutsideschoolbreakC．Theybeartraditiona2025wasayearwhenmusicrefusedtostayinitslane—Latinrhythemostunexpectedforms,andglobalvoicesrosewithunprecedented(史无前例的)foSlate’sMusicClubgathermusicalspirit,aswellasourfavoritealbumsandsingles.Let’sgettoknowourparticipantsFinzi’sfavoritealbumoftheyearisbyayoungNewYorkbandcalledGeese.TKilled.Itisprobablyoneofthemostexcitingrockrecordsyouhaveheardinyears.Itisstrangcompulsivelylistenable.Itisareallylovelycombsortsofelectronicsgoingon.ItisjustkindofspeakingtosomethinginLindsay’sheartabouttheoverwhelmoftheJulianne’sfavoritealbumisCleoRU.S.fromtheperspectiveofahopefulblackpersonlivinginNewYork.HerotheralbumpickisLidoPimientLaBelleza.ItisasymphonicjourneythroughAfro-ColombianrhythmswithaMedellinPhilharmonic.Christ’sfavoriteisBadGrammys,letalonethesubjectofaforthcomingSuperBowlhalfworldandhasbeeneveA．BeautifulPlace.B．LaBelleza.C．Country.D．DebiTirarMasFotos.高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法【初中不定式考点聚焦】形式：动词不定式基本形式由“todo”构成。它的否定形式“nottodo”。有时可以省略to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义。helpsb.TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus=Itisnoteasyforus多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为—Helikestoplaybasketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.I'msorrytotroubleyou.（表原因）IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主【答案】A2．Ourteachertoldussp【答案】D由“toldus”可知，固定搭配tellsb.(not)3．Manybuildingsinthecityneedr【答案】D考查动词不定式的被动式。根据“Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing理，故用动词不定式表将来；空格前theone指代“thebuilding”，故theone与动词repair之间此处应用动词不定式的被动式tobedo【答案】C考查非谓语动词。根据“Mariaissaid...onanovelbesaidtobedoingsth【答案】Ado做什么。dealwith“处理”，常与“how”连用，表示方式；dowith“处理”，但常与“wh【答案】A2．Ourteachertoldussp【答案】D由“toldus”可知，固定搭配tellsb.(not)3．Manybuildingsinthecityneedr【答案】D考查动词不定式的被动式。根据“Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing理，故用动词不定式表将来；空格前theone指代“thebuilding”，故theone与动词repair之间此处应用动词不定式的被动式tobedo【答案】C考查非谓语动词。根据“Mariaissaid...onanovelbesaidtobedoingsth【答案】Ado做什么。dealwith“处理”，常与“how”连用，表示方式；dowith“处理”，但常与“wh【高中不定式考点聚焦】=Q课标解读动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种。动词不定式有及物和不及物之分，有时态和语态的变化。理解不定式的时态和语态变化，如一般式、进行式、完成式等。掌握一些特殊句型中不定式的使用，如It'stimetodosth.,wouldratherdosth.等。=Q考点清单——不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面，这样可以避免句子“头重脚轻”，是句子e.g.Itisdangeroustoplaywithfire.我们可以得出这样的一个句型：Itis+adj.e.g.Whentoleavehasn’tbeendec1.不定式作主语表具体行为，表特指(对比：动名词作主语表泛指，是抽象行为)。2.不定式作主语三情况：直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-todo短语作1.Ittookyearsofwork(reduce)theindustrialpollutiona2.It’simportantforthefigures(upd3.Whenandwheretostarttheprograms 【答案与解析】2.tobeupdated。定期更新数据很重要，数据是被更新的，4.toget。这是IttakessbtimetHedecidedtoinviteallofhisclassmatestoattendtheholidayatthebeach.Hepromisednottotelask,agree,care,choopromise,refuse,want,wish,desire等。如：Herefusedtolendmehisbicycle.IlikewatchingTV,butIdon’tliketoHeshowedushowtodothework.(=HeshoweIdon’tknowwhattodo.WemustdecidewhethertogoorTheenemyhadnochoice要点精讲1：只接todo作宾语的动词:妙记--mecamanage,expect,choose,afford/agree/attempt,refuse,f1.Theyfailed(grasp)theim2.Sheneverseemed(care)whattherestofusthoughtabouthsomestudentsdidn'twant(wear)【答案与解析】要点精讲2：接todo/doing意义不同的动forget,remember/regret,goon,stop,can’thelp,mean,try。该考点{forgetdoing1.Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways(get)herpermission3.Iremembered(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgo4.Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetriedbackhome.【答案与解析】3.tolock。remembertoAuseofthecomputernetworkistosende-mails.计算机网2.不定式作表语时常见的主语WhatJoewantstodoseemstotellyous要点精讲：不定式作表语起解释说明作用。主语有实义动词do,作表语的不定式可省to。Ifyouarewrong,theleastthingTheonlythingthathe2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,【答案与解析】2.nottomake。这里不定式短语作表语，但是为了对比，不定式to不能省作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，TheBrownshaveacomfortablehoHehadnoplacetoThecartobeboughtHeisthebestmantodothisjob.Thelastonetoarrive1.Themeeting(hold)now/(hold)y2.Theairport(complete)nextyearwillhelppromote3.Mr.Greenstoodupindefenceoftheboy,sayingthathewasnottheone(bla4.Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology(change)lives.1.being;held;tobeheld。现在分词作定语，表示一个正在进行的动作；过去分词短语作定语表示一个被动的、已发生动作。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作。故答2.tobecompleted。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作；结合语境应用被动形式，故答案是tobe4.tochange。结合语境应用单词不定式e.g.HewenttoBeijingto/inordeBobtookdownmytelephonenumbersoasnotto/inor不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中：so..JanehurriedbackonlytofindthathermotherhadI’mtootiredtost形容词作表语时，后面可以接不定式作原因状语，用来说明产生某种情绪的原因。可以用于这类结构的常见形容词有：happy,surpre.g.YouwillneverknowhowhappyIwastoseehery动词不定式有时也可以表示条件，一般置于句首，否定不定式表示条件多置于句尾，这时谓语动词常Tohearhimtalk,youwouldthinkheownedthewhole要点精讲1：不定式作目的状语，多用于todo,soastodo,inorde3.Whenaskedwhyhewentther4.Thelocalgovernmentdoesn'thavetosacrificeenvironmental【答案与解析】2.Tobeaccepted。不定式作目的状语，且是被3.tobetrained。不定式作目的状语，且是4.topromote。不定式作目的要点精讲2：不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to,1.Hehurriedtothestation,only2.Wouldyoubesokindas3.NowI’mbraveenough(stand)up【答案与解析】1.tobeinformed/tofind/tobetold。onlytodo常表示出乎预料的结果，本句含有被动意义,故答案是tobeinformed/tofind/tob要点精讲3：不定式用于be+adj+todo构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。2.Modemmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenempexpensive(perform)consis【答案与解析】带to的不定式作补语：advidse,allow,ask,beg,encourage,forbid,force,get,order,persuade,remind,require,teach,tell,want,wish,等。Theymadetheworkersworkdayan→Theworkersweremade3.不定式作主语补足语巧记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉notice,let,make,hear,listento,1.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehaves2.Hewasobserved(ent【答案与解析】1.todeal。本句不是havesbdosth句式，而是havesthtodo表示“有某1.Passengersarepermitted(carry)onlyonepieceof2.Energydrinksarenotallowed(make)inAust3.Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme4.Theyarerequired________(process)thefoodthatweeexpected(increase【答案与解析】4.toprocess。本题考查requiresbtodos不定式根据语境还可能用进行式、被动式或完成式。2.Policearesearchingforawomanwho【答案与解析】2.havebeenmissing。sincethefloodhitthearea暗示应用不定式完成式；结合语境又是一种“失踪”状态，故三、.不定式的时态和语态××1.一般式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生。TheymadeplanstoliveinParis.2.“tobedone”表示将来，常作定语。而且不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。3.“tohavedone”表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，而且和主语（通常指人）是主动关系。Thisbuildingissaidtohaveb5.“tobedoing”表示两个动作同时发生，不太强调先后顺序。6.“tohavebeendoing”表示表示动作在谓语动词之前发生，而且一直进行着。Iamhappytohavebeenworkinghere.我很开1.Theboypretended(read)t2.Thechildrentalkedsol4.Theenginejustwon'tstart.Somethingseems【答案与解析】4.tohavegone。结合语境该动作已发生【答案】tobeinformed【详解】句意：经理错过了会议，之后才被告知最终决定。此处为only后接不定式作结果状语，表出乎意料的结果；主语themanager与inform之间是被动关系，所以此处用不定式的被动形式tobeinformed。2．Let’sstartdoingwhatweca【答案】to【答案】toachieve【详解】句意：她奋斗了十年，才作为作家取得成功。“(achieve)successasanauthor”是她奋斗十年的目的，【答案】tofigure5．Hewouldbethelaststud【答案】tobreak【详解】句意：他会是最不可能违反校规的学生。名词student前有thelast修饰，后用动词不定式tobreak作后置定6．Sheexplainedtherulesclearly,ena【答案】tounderstand【详解】句意：她把规则讲解得很清楚，让所有人都能明白。enablesb.todosth.为固定搭配，意为“使某人7．Sheisthefirstwoman【答案】towin【详解】句意：她是该领域第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性。当名词被序数词修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语，woman被thefirst修饰，因此用towin作后置定语。8．Myunclerushedtoth【答案】tobetold【详解】句意：我叔叔匆忙赶到车站，结果却被告知火车已经开走了。onlytodo表示意想不到的结果，此处tell与myuncle之间是被动关系，即叔叔是被告知，所以用动词9．Ourcommitteehasamajorrole【答案】toplay【答案】toearn【详解】句意：起初，他的计划是挣些钱在非洲的某个地方打一口井。plan作主语，说明主语的内容，用11．Theadvancedscanningtecprecision.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】tobeexamined某物/人能够做某事”且everytinydetailofthesample与examine为被动关系，故用不定式的被动形式tobedistractionsofatouchscreen.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】tochat【详解】句意：一家科技公司研发出一款无屏幕智能手机，能让孩子们和亲人聊天且不受触屏干扰。此处【答案】tobeadmitted【详解】句意：考试很可能按预期顺利进行，我被心仪大学录取的梦想将会实现。mydream作主语， (admit)tomyfavoriteunivewillcometrue可知，admit这个动作还没发生，要用动词不定式14．MyEnglishteacheris【答案】totake【答案】tohavegone动不起来”之前，强调动作已完成并造成现在的结果，需用tohavedone形式，go的过去分词是gone。【答案】tosave【答案】tofeel【详解】句意：当人们第一次身处陌生的城市时，往往会感到孤独。tendtodosth.是固定短语，意为“倾向18．Withalotofhomework【答案】todo谓语的形式出现，根据后文“hecan’tgotothemovieswithus”可知，作业还未完成，用不定式表示将来，该非谓语动词与逻辑主语he之间为主动关系，应【答案】tobetrained【详解】句意：据说这位年轻歌手为了即将到来的演出每天都在接受一位大师的训练。此处为固定搭配besaidtodo结构，Theyoungsinger与train之间为被动20．Hewasheard(sin【答案】tosing【详解】句意：有人听见他在厨房包饺子时唱民歌。此处为“hearsb.do”结构的被动形式，hear用于被动结【答案】keephealthy【详解】“保持健康”用动词短语keephealthy22．Weallhavearoletoplayto【答案】protecttheenvironment【答案】takemeasures24．1931年，亚当斯成为第一名获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwoman【答案】towintheNobelPeacePrize【详解】根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“获得诺贝尔和平奖的”；“获得诺贝尔和平奖”翻译为动宾短语Thepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory,【答案】easytolearnandrecite26．Tosucceed,youmustbewillingto(面对挑战)in【答案】facechallengesInthefinalsecondsofagame,Jordanalways【答案】seemedtofindaway【详解】句意：在比赛的最后几秒，乔丹似乎总能找到获胜的方法。似乎做某事常用seem【答案】tolearn29．I【答案】volunteertobe），30．Manypeopleworktwojobsto(谋生)【答案】makealiving三、语篇填空（不定式专练）Ialwaystrymybest3(study)medicine-relatevolunteerworktohelpothers.Lastterm,IjoinedacMyparentsexpectme6(be)akindan【导读】本文讲述青少年坚持梦想、立志成为志愿医生的故事，全面考查不定式核心用法：作主语、表语、3.tostudy考查固定5.tolearn考查不定式作目的状语：加入俱乐部“为了学习”照顾老），7.tokeep考查固8.totake考查固定搭9.tohelp考查固定句型：It’sone），OntheChineseNewYear’sEve,thedinnermomentforthewholefamilytosittogetherto biteofthechickenhisgrandfatherhasselectedforhim.Inspite3thecoldoutside,thefamilymembersenjoytcomesbackfromthecity4hissbythehigh-speedtrain.Upontheir6(arrive),theyfindLuo’sparentseagerlhasalsobeen7(special)decoratedforthisjoyousoccasion.Afterditraditionofstayinguplate.Theyeatsnacks,8((light)upwithcolourfulfireworks.【答案】【导语】文章主要描写了罗燕一家在中国除夕夜团聚的温馨场景，包括年夜饭、守岁、放鞭炮等传统习俗，【详解】1．考查名词复数。句意：除夕夜，餐桌上摆满了各种各样的菜肴。dish为可数名词，avarietyof3．考查介词。句意：尽管外面很冷，家人们仍然享受着团聚的8．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们吃零食，互相聊天，包饺子。空处与making并列作伴随状语，需填现在花照亮。as引导时间状语从句，叙述习惯性动作，使用一般现在时，主语midnight为第三人称单数，谓语且叙述客观事实，需用一般现在时的被动语态，应填someoftheworld’smostfamousrEventhoughRoute66wasofficiallyremovedfromtheUSHoneoftheworld’smostpopularandculturallysignificantroads.Amust-visitforanyroadtripenthisthemost-Instagrammedroadintheworld,withover2.1millionpostsusingthehashtag#route66.warmemorial,makingitameaningfulandbeaureturningfromtheFirstWorldWar,theGreatOceanRoadconnectsthetownsofTorquayandAllansOnethousandsixhundredmileslong,theWildAtlanticWayrunsalongmostofIrelEurope’smostwesterlyroad.WithpanoramicvifeaturesstunningnaturalrockformationsliketheCliffsofMoherandSlieveLelandmarkssuchastheFanadHeadLighthouseandtheBaltimoreBemelyInstagrammablesights.Itiswellworth