Unit 3 Sports and Fitness 单元词汇知识点详解讲义-2022-2023学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

必修一unit3单元重点词汇知识点详解honourn.荣誉;尊敬;荣幸vt.尊重;以……为荣用法①Heconsidereditanhonour.他认为这是非常荣幸的事。②Ifeelgreatlyhonouredtoinviteyoutothemusicfestival.邀请你参加这个音乐节我感到非常荣幸。③MadameCurienameditpoloniuminhonourofhernativecountry.居里夫人将它命名为钋,以纪念她的祖国。归纳：inhonourof为了纪念;为了庆祝havethehonourofdoing/todosth.有幸做某事Itissb.'s/anhonourtodosth.做某事是某人的荣幸/一件荣幸的事honouredadj.受尊敬的;感到荣幸的be/feelhonouredtodosth.荣幸做某事操练：完成下列句子It'sanhonourtodinewithyou.Hesayshewouldbehonoured(honour)tobeinvited.Thedinnerwasgiveninhonourofthenewpresidentofthecompany.宴会是为欢迎公司的新董事长而举行的。CouldIhavethehonourofplayingchesswithyou?能否有幸和你下盘象棋?determinationn.决心;决定①Ourteacherhasbeeninstructingthatwearesupposedtobeamanwithcourage,insightanddetermination.我们的老师一直教导我们应该做一个有勇气、洞察力和决心的人。②Theyhavearighttodeterminetheirownfuture他们有权决定自己的未来。③I'mdeterminedtodoitbetterthistime.我决心这次要做得更好。归纳：determinedadj.坚决的;有决心的bedeterminedtodosth.决心做某事决定;确定;下定决心determinevt.determinetodosth.决定做某事determineon/upon(doing)sth.决定……操练：完成句子Therewasanexpressionoffiercedetermination(determine)onherface.Theyoungmanisdetermined(determine)toachievehisgoal.injurevt.使受伤;损害①Sheinjuredherselfwhileskating,whichmadeherparentsveryworried.她在溜冰时受了伤，这使她父母很担心。②Bymile17.Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.到17英里处，我已上气不接下气，并且曾经受伤的脚踝疼得厉害。③Whenatschool,wedbettermindourbehavioranddon'tdoaninjurytoothers.在学校的时候，我们最好注意自己的行为，不要伤害别人。injuredadj.受伤的;有伤的theinjured伤员(集合名词)injuryn.伤;伤口;伤害;损伤doaninjurytosb.伤害某人injurehurtwound操练：完成下列句子Oftentheillnessorinjury(injure)isnotsoserious.He'llneedanoperationontheinjured(injure)leg.Believeitornot,whatyousaidjustnowinjuredhisfeelings.信不信由你，你刚才说的话伤了他的感情。Ambulancestooktheinjuredtoanearbyhospital.救护车把伤员送到了附近的医院giveup放弃;投降①Althoughtheepidemicisterrible,theChinesepeoplewillnevergiveinandgiveupuntilwedefeatit.虽然这次疫情很可怕,但中国人民永不屈服，不战胜它永不言弃。②Wemustdecidewhattokeepandwhattogiveaway.我们必须决定哪些该留、哪些该扔③Iknowthatthereisabsolutelynoneedtogiveoutdefinitionsofatruefriend.我认识到完全不需要给真正的朋友下定义。归纳:givein屈服;投降;让步;上交giveintosb.向某人投降/屈服/让步giveout分配;分发;用光;筋疲力尽;发出(声音、信号等)giveoff放出;发出(光、热、气味等)giveaway泄露;赠送操练：完成下列句子Theenemyhadnochoicebuttogiveintous.敌人除了向我们投降别无选择。Thesewildflowersgiveoffanicesmell.这些野花散发出一股香味。Thecouplegaveawaymostoftheirfortunestothepoorintheirsmalltown.这对夫妻把他们的大部分财产都捐赠给了他们那个小镇上的穷人。competevi.竞争;对抗①Hewillcompetewithotherathletesandcompeteforthehonorofthecountry.他将和别的运动员竞争,是为了国家的荣誉而战。②Theteammusttrytheirbestiftheywanttoputonagoodshowinthecompetition.如果这个队想在比赛中表现得好的话,就得全力以赴。③Studentsaregoingtocompeteintheschoolsportsmeeting学生们将参加校运动会的比赛。(1)competein...在某方面竞争;参加……比赛competefor...为……而竞争competewith/against...与……竞争(2)competitorn.比赛者;对手competitionn.比赛competitiveadj.有竞争力的操练：完成下列句子HehascompetedintwoOlympicsandwillretireafternext.Onlybycompetingwith/againsteachothercanwemakegreatprogressinourstudy.Thetwoplayerscompetedwitheachotherforagoldmedal.Wehavetocutourcostsandremaincompetitive(compete).Mostofthecompetitors(compete)inthegameshadalreadyarrived.6.makesense有道理;合乎情理;表述清楚①Shedoesn’ttalkmuch,butwhatshesaysmakessense.她讲话不多，但她所说的都有道理。②Canyoumakesenseofthepoem?你能理解这首诗吗?③Innosenseshouldyougiveintoanydifficultyonyourwayahead.在前进的道路上，无论遇到什么困难，你都不应该屈服。归纳:makenosense没道理;没意义makesenseof理解;弄懂inasense从某种意义上来说innosense决不;绝非(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)操练：完成下列句子Thissentencehehasmadedoesn’tmakesense.=Thissentencehehasmademakesnosense.他造的这个句子讲不通。Ireadthesayingagainandagain,butcouldn'tunderstandit.=Ireadthesayingagainandagain,butcouldn'tmakesenseofit.我反复读这句名言，但仍不能理解。Innosenseshouldyouloseheart;keeptryingandyouwillsucceedsoonerorlater你绝不应该失去信心。继续尝试,你迟早会成功的。Youarerightinasense,butyoudonotknowallthefacts.在某种意义上你是对的,但你不知道所有的事实。(2)翻译句子这样的事情绝不允许在我们学校发生。(innosense置于句首)Innosenseshouldsuchathingbeallowedtohappeninourschool.pretendvi.&vt.假装;装扮①(2019·天津高考)SoIcarriedaroundabook,andeachnight,justtobelikeher,Iwouldpretendtobereading因此,我随身带着一本书,每天晚上仅仅像她一样,我假装正在阅读。②Sheclosedhereyesandpretendedtobeasleep.她闭上眼睛,假装睡着了。③Annepretendednottohaveheardaboutthenews,butasamatteroffact,sheknewitlastweek.安妮假装没听说过这个消息,但事实上,她上周就知道了。④Heispretendingtobeacoolrocker他正在假扮一个炫酷的摇滚乐歌手。归纳:that...假装……tobe假装是……pretend+todosth.假装做某事tobedoingsth.假装正在做某事tohavedonesth.假装做了某事操练：完成下列句子Hissonpretendedtobereading(read)whenhecamein.Jimpretendedtohavesolved(solve)thedifficultproblemandleftthecompany.Ifyoupretendtoknow(know)whatyoudon'tknow,you'llonlymakeafoolofyourself.Wecan'tjustgoonpretendingthateverythingisOK我们不能继续假装一切正常。makeadifference有作用或影响①Wecanallmakeadifferencetothisworld.我们都可以影响这个世界。②Whetherheishereornotwillmakenodifferencetoourwork.他在不在这儿对我们的工作没有影响。归纳：makesome/nodifference(to...)(对……)有/没作用或影响tellthedifference(between...and...)辨别/区分(……与……)操练：完成下列句子Ihopemybehaviourwillmakeadifference我希望我的行为能起到作用。Whatyouhavesaidwillmakenodifferencetothenaughtyboy.你所说的不会对这个淘气的男孩起作用的。Icantellthedifferencebetweenthewordandthatone.我能把这个词与那个词区分开。ratherthan而不是;与其说……倒不如说……①Sheenjoyssingingratherthandancing.她喜欢唱歌,而不喜欢跳舞。②YouratherthanIaretomakeaspeechatthemeeting.你，而不是我要在会上发言。归纳：(1)ratherthan连接两个并列成分，意为“而不是”(2)ratherthan连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与ratherthan前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。操练：(单句语法填空/完成句子)I,ratherthanyou,am(be)goingtosufferallthatontheway.Thesweatersheboughtwasbeautifulratherthancheap.与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。Wewillhavethemeetingintheclassroomratherthaninthegreathall.我们将在教室里开会，而不是在大厅里。cut...out停止做(或使用食用):剪下:切去:省略(写出下列各句中cutout的含义)Hisrightarmwascutoutbecauseoftheseriouswound.切去Icutthisarticleoutofthenewspaper.剪下Hehasdecidedtocutoutsmokinganddrinking.停止做Asforthearticle.youcancutoutwhatyoudislike.省略归纳：cutoff切断;割掉;剪掉;砍掉;停止;中断cutup切碎;伤心的cutdown降低;减少;砍倒cutin插嘴;打断;干预;插队操练：完成下列句子Withtheelectricitycutoff,allthemachineshadtostopworking.由于停电，所有的机器不得不停止工作。Itisbadmannersforyoutoalwayscutinwhenotherpeoplearetalking.当其他人谈