C、D篇阅读强化练（二）

专题一阅读理解

C、D篇阅读强化练（二）

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（2025•山东青岛一模）Bacteria（细菌）knowhowtoroughitoutallovertheEarth.Askmostofthem

wherethey*dtrulyprefertosettlethough,andakitchensponge（海绵）wouldprobablytopthelist.Yes,it

turnsoutthattheverytoolweusetocleanourplates,whichiswarm,damp,andfullofnutritioasfoodpieces,

ispackedfulloftinylife.

LingchongYou,abiologistatDukeUniversity,alongwithhisteam,usedcomputerstomodelthe

complexenvironmentofaspongefora2022study.Hefoundthatspongesfeaturingpocketsofvaryingsizes

aresomethingthatreallymattersforpromotingbacterialgrowth.Thisholdssignificanceascertainbacteria

tendtogrowindependentlywhileothersdemandthecompanionshipofothers.Withinaspongefilledwith

holesandpockets,thereexistsuchanabundanceofdiversestructuresthateveryoneattainsastateof

satisfaction.

Nevertheless,itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatthesetoolspresentahealthrisktousaswell.Bacteria

existeverywhereandnotallarehannful；infact,manyperformvitaljobs.Theimportantquestion,therefore,

iswhether（hebacteriafoundinspongesareevenworthworryingabout.

In2017,JennilerQuinlan,aprofessoroffoodsafely,andhercolleagues,collectedkitchenspongesfrom

100homes,findingthatonly1%—2%ofthosespongescontainedbacterialinkedtofoodpoisoningin

humansandthattheonesdidcontainedonlysmallamountsofharmfulbacteria."Thevastmajorityof

bacteriaonspongesdonotcauseillness,andthey'rejustgoingtomakethemsmell,nsaysQuinlan.

uHavingsaidthat,thereisapossibilitythatifyouuseaspongetowipeuprawmeat,youcouldhavesomeof

thosedisease-causingbacteriaonthere,andstudieshavefoundthatthosebacteriacanbeseparatedfrom

kitchensponges.n

Thisisnotthewholestoryyet.Ifdangerousbacteriahappentoarriveonthescene,thesponge'sspecial

make-upmakesitanidealplaceforthemtogrowandmultiply.Andthere'sevidencethisisthecase.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了厨房海绵中的细菌，包括海绵的特殊结构如何

成为细菌生长的理想场所，以及是否所有细菌都对人类存在潜在影响。

1.Whatcanwclearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Spongesareperfecttoolsinthekitchen.

B.Bacteriaprefertoliveinadryenvironment.

C.Kitchenspongesareagoodhomeforbacteria.

D.Bacteriaaffectkitchensponges'performance.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第一段可知，大多数细菌真正想在哪里定居,厨房海绵可能会排在首位。事实

证明，我们用来清洗盘子的这个温暖、•潮湿且充满营养食物碎屑的工具，充满了微小的生命，即细菌。由

此可知，厨房海绵是细菌的良好栖息场所。故选C。

2.WhatdidLingchongYoufindinhisstudy?

A.Howspongesareexactlystructured.

B.Whatencouragesbacterialgrowth.

C.Howbacteriareacttotheenvironment.

D.Wkybacteriakeepcompanywitheachother.

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据第二段中"Hefoundthatspongesfeaturingpocketsofvaryingsizesare

somethingthatreallymattersforpromotingbacterialgrowth.n可知,游凌冲发现不同大小孔隙的海绵对促

进细菌生长起着重要作用,即他发现了什么能促进细菌生长。故选Bo

3.WhatdocsQuinlanthinkofbacteriaonsponges?

A.Relativelyharmless.

B.Poorlyadaptive.

C.Surprisinglyunpleasant.

□.Widelydistributed.

答案A

解析推理判断题。根据第四段可知，昆兰认为海绵上绝大多数细菌不会引发疾病，只有极少数海绵含

有与人类食物中毒有关的细菌,而且这些细菌的含量也很低，所以她认为海绵上的细菌相对无害。故选

Ao

4.Whatwillbeprobablydiscussedinthefollowingparagraph?

A.Proofsofbacterialthreat.

B.Theclassificationofbacteria.

C.Methodstocontrolbacterialgrowth.

□.Researchintoapplicationsofbacteria.

答案A

解析推理判断题。根据最后一段提到的“有证据表明危险细菌会在海绵上生长繁殖”可推知，接下来

很可能会讨论细菌威胁的证据具体是什么。故选A。

（2025,东北三省四市高考模拟）AnewglobalreviewofdatafromtheSpanishstudyfoundthat

increasingthenumberofdailysteps,evenifatmodestlevels,wasassociatedwithareductionindepressive

symptoms.

ResearchersledbyJimenez-Lopez,oftheUniversityofCastilc-LaMancha,notedthere'salreadysolid

evidencethatexerciseofanykindisanaturalantidepressant.Butwhataboutsomethingaseasyaswalking?

Tofindout,theylookedatdatafromhigh-qualitystudiesondailystepcountsandtheirlinkstomental

health.

Intotal,thenewreviewcovered33studiesinvolvingatotalofmorethan96,000adultsworldwide.

Studiesincludedpeoplewhousedfitness-trackerdevicestocalculatetheirdailysteps.Comparedtoabaseline

of5,000stepstakenperday,folkswhotookeven1,000morestepsdailysawa9%dropintheirodds（概率）

fordevelopingdepression,theresearchersfound.Thosebenefitsquicklymountedup.Comparedtofolks

walking5,00（）stepsperdayorless,thosewhowalked7,000stepsperdayhada31%loweroddsfor

depression,thestudyfound."Inaddition,countsabove7,500stepsperdaywereassociatedwitha43%

lowerfrequencyofdepression,MJimenez-Lopezandcolleagueswrote,andthosetrendsheldtruefor”all

agegroups,femalesandmalesn.Theredidseemtobealevelingoutofmentalhealthbenefitsatabout

10,000stepsperday,thedatashowed.

Ashasbeenobservedinstudiesonphysicalhealth,“Uptoalevelofabout10,000stepsperday,the

oddsfbrdepressiondecline.However,increasingthenumberofstepsbeyondthispointmaynotbeassociated

withasignificantreductionindepressivesymptoms.n

Thenewfindingsaddwalkingtomanyotherformsofphysicalactivity-weighttraining,yogaandeven

taichi-aswaystohelppreventdepression,theresearcherssaid.

“Settinggoalsforthenumberofdailystepscanbeapromisingandinclusivepublichealthstrategyfor

thepreventionofdepression,vthestudyauthorsconcluded.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章以科学研究数据为基础，客观介绍了步行与抑郁症状改善

之间的关联。

5.Whywasthenewreviewconducted?

A.Totestfitness-trackeraccuracy.

B.Totrackglobalstepcountaverages.

C.Tocomparewalkingwithweighttraining.

D.Toexplorewalking'smentalhealthbenefits.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“Butwhataboutsomethingaseasyaswalking?”和第三段“Tofind

out,theylookedaldatafromhigh-qualitystudiesondailystepcouiilsanditieirlinkslomenialhealth.,r可当u,

这项研究的目的是探索步行对心理健康的影响。故选Do

6.Ho\visparagraph4developed?

A.Bygivingexamples.

B.Byansweringquestions.

C.Bymakingcomparisons.

D.Byperforminganexperiment.

答案c

解析推理判断题。根据第四段中“Comparedtoabaselineof5,000stepstakenperday,folks...those

whowalked7,000stepsperdayhada31%loweroddsfordepression,thestudyfound."可推知，第四段通过

比较不同步数（如5,000步、7,000步）对抑郁症状的改善来展开。故选C。

7.Whatcanbeconcludedaboutwalking10,000stepsdailyfromthestudy?

A.Benefitsstopincreasingsignificantly.

B.Physicalhealthimprovesdramatically.

C.Risksofotherdiseasesalsodropsharply.

□.Depressivesymptomsdisappearcompletely.

答案A

解析推理判断题。根据第四段中“Theredidseemtobealevelingoutofmentalhealthbenefitsatabout

IO,UUOstepsperday,thedatashowed.和第五段可推知,每天走10,00。步左右时，心理健康益处趋于稳

定，超过这个步数,抑郁症状的减少不再显著。故选A。

8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ExerciseChoices：ComparingBenefits

B.StepCount：ANaturalMoodController

C.FitnessTrackers：PromotingDailyActivity

D.PublicHealth:StrategicsAgainstDepression

答案B

解析标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第一段可知，文章主要探讨了步行对心理健康和抑郁症状的影响，强

调了步数与情绪控制之间的关系。选项B“SlepCuunl:ANalundMuodC51glier（步数:天然的情绪控

制者）”准确地概括了文章的核心内容,最适合作本文标题。故选B。

（2025,“皖南八校”三联）Chocolateisafavoriteofmanyandcanbefoundinmanydesserts.Butitis

usuallythoughtofasanunhealthydelighttobeeatenonlyoccasionally.NowSwissscientistshavefounda

waytomakechocolatehealthierforyouandfortheplanettoo.Thetraditionalmethodofchocolatemaking

onlyusestheseedsandthatiswastefulandnotsustainable.Thenewmethodusestheentirecocoafruit

insteadofjusttheseeds,andthatmakesiteco-friendlyandsweetwithoutusingaddedsugar.

ResearchersatZurich'sFederalInstituteofTechnologyrecentlypublishedtheirworkinthejournal

NatureFood.Thenewchocolatedoesnotneedanyaddedsugarduetothenaturalsweetnessinthecocoa

fruit.Infact,thejuicecontains14percentsugarwhichisdislilled（蒸储）downtoaconcentratedsyrupand

thencombinedwiththefruitpulptoformagel（凝胶）.Whenthegelisaddedtococoabeanstomake

chocolate,itisnaturallysweet.

Themixturesweretestedbytrainedspecialistsusingsmallpiecesofchocolatethatweighedjustfive

grainseachtofindoutwhichoneworkedthebest.Butbesidesgettingridofaddedrefinedsugar（精制糖）to

thechocolate,usingthefruitalsoboastedthefibercontent.

ThetraditionalsystemofcocoaproductioninAfricaandSouthAmericaisnotsustainable.Theindustry

isalsosufferingfromthesoaringpriceofcocoabeansandthepovertyofthecocoafarmers.Usingtheentire

fruitcouldhelpeasethesetwoissues."Notonlydothefarmersgetsignificantlyextraincomethroughusing

cocoapulp,buttheimportantindustrialprocessingisalsohappeninginthecountryoforigin.Creatingjobs,

creatingvaluethatcanbedistributedinthecountryoforigin,nAnianSchreibersaid.

ChocolateproducersinAfrica,SouthAmerica,andevenintheUS,arealreadycontactingMishra,the

mainresearcherofthestudy,aboutthenewmethod.InSwitzerland,chocolateproducersincludingLindtarc

startingtousetheentirecocoaplantandnotjustthebeans,butnonehavecompletelyremovedrefinedsugar.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了瑞士科学家研发出一种新的巧克力制作方法,

这种方法不仅使巧克力更健康，还使它对地球更友好。

9.Whichwordbestdescribesthetraditionalcocoaproductionsystem?

A.Efficient.B.Promising.

C.Profitable.D.Unsustainable.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thetraditionalmethodofchocolatemakingonlyusestheseedsand

thatiswastefulandnotsustainable.v才口第四段中“ThetraditionalsystemofcocoaproductioninAfricaand

SouthAmericaisnotsustainable/*可知，传统的可可生产体系是不可持续的。故选D。

10.What'sthestrengthofthenewchocolate-makingmethod?

A.Iluseslessenergy.

B.Itreduceswaterusage.

C.Itmaximizescocoafruit.

D.Itlowerscarbonemissions.

答案C

解析细节理解题c根据第一段中“Thetraditionalmethodofchocolatemakingonlyusestheseedsand

thatiswastefulandnotsustainable.Thenewmethodusestheentirecocoaf