专题03阅读理解（关爱老人）-备战2023年高考英语母题题源解密（新高考）

专题02阅读理解（关爱老人）2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考Ⅰ卷）Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善组织）toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:“IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool."Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed."It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful."Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere."LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities."28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes. B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch. D.Topromotetheelderlypeople'swelfare.29.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills. B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory. D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"embarkon"meaninparagraph7?A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Itiswellreceived. B.Itneedstobemorecreative.C.Itishighlyprofitable. D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.一、题源删减HenPowerlaunchesinLondonOurflagshipprojectHenPowerhasarrivedinLondon!Theaward-winningprojectlinksolderpeoplewithhenstocombatsocialisolationandisinmorethan20caresettingsintheNorthEast.Itsnowspreaditswingsandheadedtothecapital.TheschemeissupportedbyMayorofLondonBorisJohnson,whosaid:“HenPowerisaninnovativewaytohelptacklelonelinessandenhancethelivesofolderLondoners.“Thecapital’solderpopulationisgrowingandit’sgreatthatLondonerswillnowhavetheopportunitytotakepartinthisvaluablescheme.”[Paragraph1]Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.[Paragraph2]Setupin2013,TheprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharityHenPowerisfoundtohelpreducelonelinessdepressionandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing.Itisalsoseeingbenefitsinbeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.caresettingswithstaffStaffincarehomeshavereportedreportingareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuseanti-psychoticmedication.JoiningwithEqualArts,NottingHillHousingwillruntheuniqueprojectwithresidentsattwoofitscaresettings,ElmgroveHouseand60PenfoldStreet.[Paragraph8]LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“WearedelightedtobetakingpartintheprojectHenPowerandproudtobethefirstextracareschemesinLondonworkingwithEqualArtsontheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”[Paragraph6]TherearenowCurrentlysupportingmorethan700elderlypeopleresidentsinover20NorthEastcarehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.thearrivalofHenPowerinLondonisthestartofthecharitytakingitsnovelinitiativecountry-wide.DouglasHunter,EqualArtsdirector,said:“ToseeHenPowertakingoffinNottingHillHousingvenuesistestamenttothedifferencethissimpleideacanhaveonpeople’swellbeing,nomatterwheretheyareinthecountry.“Itgivespeoplearoleandresponsibilityandresidentscanbeinvolvedasmuchastheywish.HenPowermovesawayfrompassivecareyousooftenseeincaresettingsandharnessespeople’simaginationandintereststoempowerthemselves.”settings,ElmgroveHouseand60PenfoldStreet.[Paragraph3]AmongthosetakingpartintheLondonprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:“IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.[Paragraph4]“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutandtherelastthingatnighttoseethey’vegonetobed.[Paragraph5]“It’sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus,peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethingusefulitissomethingdifferenttodo.”[Paragraph7]WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,said:“ResidentshavereallyembracedtheideaoftheprojectHenPowerandthecreativesessions.“Itgivesustheopportunityforstimulatingactivitiestoengagepeopleusingourdementiaunit,dayserviceusersandtenants.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeopleherethoseinvolved.”Knownashensioners,olderpeopletakingpartinHenPowercanbecomeactivevolunteers.SharingtheirnewfoundknowledgeandhenthusiasmtheytakeHenRoadShowsouttoschools,communityeventsandothercaresettings.EarlierthisyearoriginalhensionerAlanRichards,aretiredtaxidriverfromGateshead,wasawardedthePrimeMinister’sPointofLightawardforhisworkwiththescheme.TalkingabouttheawardDavidCameronsaid:“Alanandhisfellow‘hensioners’havedevelopedauniquewaytosupportcarehomeresidents.ThequirkyHenPowerprojecthasaseriousimpact,reducingthedepressionandlonelinessthatresidentscansometimesfeel.”二、母题分析Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.主要内容及关键词为了防止老人孤独，疗养院让老人们照顾小鸡：stopthemfeelinglonely分析首段，主旨句，命题专家特意给出的句子以助学生快速把握原文。Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善组织）toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.主要内容及关键词养鸡计划的来源及目的：Theproject；reduceloneliness；improveelderlypeople'swellbeing；helppatientssufferingdementia；reductionintheuseofmedicine分析这个项目的好处主要有两点：①减少孤独提高幸福感；②帮助抑制疾病。Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:“IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool."Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed."It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful."主要内容及关键词参与项目的老年人亲身感受：RuthXavier；Iliketheprojectalot；It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus；I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities分析参与项目的老年人非常喜爱这个项目，帮助他们摆脱孤独感。Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere."LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities."主要内容及关键词这个项目的现状和未来发展：700elderlypeople；beengivenfinancialsupport；thebenefitsandfun；connectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.分析有700名老人在照看小鸡；项目获得了资金支持；好处和乐趣；通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动联系我们的居民。三、命题规律Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善组织）toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes. B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch. D.Topromotetheelderlypeople'swelfare.命题规律及备考建议命题规律1.考察段落细节。前面两段主要讲述这个项目的目的和意义，所以考点处在此处。2.正确选项D设置：段落关键词的重组和同义转换。stopthemfeelinglonely；reducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing→theelderlypeople'swelfare3.错误选项设置=1\*GB3①原文重点语句的误解。原文用“TheelderlyresidentsincarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely（减轻疗养院的老人的孤独感）”，选项用“ensureharmonyincarehomes（疗养院的和谐）”，二者语义相差甚远。=2\*GB3②原文语句的错误解读。原文用“henstolookafter（照顾小鸡）”，选项用“part-timejobsfortheaged”，选项把照顾小鸡曲解为兼职，违背了原文的语义。=3\*GB3③原文信息的错误挖掘。原文用“helppatientssufferingdementia”以及“reductionintheuseofmedicine”，选项用“raisemoneyformedicalresearch”。原文说项目可以帮助患有痴呆症的患者，患者通过项目用药都减少了，选项曲解其意。备考建议答题时抓住段落或文章的中心句，围绕中心句和关键词来锁定答案。如本题，只要锁定题干关键词“purpose”，在定位到原文的表示目的的“todo”就可以得出答案，学生在看原文时一定要准确把握上下文的逻辑关系。Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:“IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool."Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed."It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful."29.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills. B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory. D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.命题规律及备考建议命题规律1.考察文章细节。项目是如何影响RuthXavier：Iliketheprojectalot；It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus；I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities2.正确选项B设置：段落关键词的重组和同义转换。Iliketheprojectalot；It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus；I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities→gainedasenseofachievement3.错误选项设置=1\*GB3①原文重点词汇的误解。原文用“IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyounger”，说明RuthXavier自小就会养鸡，选项用“learnednewlifeskills（新技能）”，这是对原文的曲解。=2\*GB3②推测原文的逻辑有误。原文用“wastesthewater,fuel,andotherresources（浪费水、燃料以及其他的资源）”，选项用“recoveredhermemory（恢复记忆）”，原文并未提及RuthXavier的记忆力相关的东西。=3\*GB3③原文信息的错误挖掘。原文用“It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus”，选项用“developedastrongpersonality”。原文说的是RuthXavier在这个项目中收获很多，和个性无关，选项就变成了养成了坚强的个性。备考建议答题抓住题干关键词和原文主旨句，如本题题干是“theprojectaffectedRuthXavier”，首先要通过原文的主旨句，第一段来看，这个项目的目的是帮助老人克服孤独感，提升幸福感，只要答案选项围绕这个来说即可，如B想获得了成就感，其实就是让老人不再孤单。Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere."30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"embarkon"meaninparagraph7?A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.命题规律及备考建议命题规律1.考察短语语义。避免食物浪费大家都采取的对应措施：Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.2.正确选项C设置：段落关键词的重组和同义转换。welcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions;thebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere→begin3.错误选项设置=1\*GB3①原文信息的错误推断。原文用“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions”，选项用“improve”，这个项目一开始就是受欢迎的，所以用“提升”一词和上下文不搭。=2\*GB3②原文信息的错误推断。原文用“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions”，选项用“oppose（反对）”，错误选项主要考察学生的词汇量，认识这个单词基本上可以排除这个选项。=3\*GB3③原文信息的错误推断。原文用“Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere”，选项用“evaluate（评估）”，此处答案选项和WendyWilson的说话内容不搭。备考建议答题时注意词义猜测题的上下两句话的提示，如这里划线部分的主语是WendyWilson，那么前后都是他说的话，我们判断这个短语的意思时要根据人物的说话内容来判断，根据说话内容可以得知这个划线处大致是“参与、发起、开始”等类似的语义。WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere."LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities."31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Itiswellreceived. B.Itneedstobemorecreative.C.Itishighlyprofitable. D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.命题规律及备考建议命题规律1.考察段落大意。大家对这个项目的未来期待：Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions；thebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.；helpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.2.正确选项A设置：段落关键词的重组和同义转换。Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions→wellreceived3.错误选项设置=1\*GB3①与原文观点相矛盾。原文用“welcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions”，选项用“needstobemorecreative”，项目本身就是具有创造性，原文没提及它的缺点，而B选项是缺点，故和原文相矛盾。=2\*GB3②原文语句的错误解读。原文用“thebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere”，选项用“highlyprofitable”，选项对原文想表达项目给人们带来了好处的一种曲解。=3\*GB3③原文信息的错误挖掘。原文用“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheproject”以及“Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfun”，选项用“takesagestoseetheresults”。原文中以及看到了结果（非常受欢迎），选项与原文相矛盾。备考建议答题时要紧紧抓住最后两段的核心思想，把握关键词。四、外刊赏析HenPowerlaunchesinLondonOurflagshipprojectHenPowerhasarrivedinLondon!Theaward-winningprojectlinksolderpeoplewithhenstocombatsocialisolationandisinmorethan20caresettingsintheNorthEast.Itsnowspreaditswingsandheadedtothecapital.TheschemeissupportedbyMayorofLondonBorisJohnson,whosaid:“HenPowerisaninnovativewaytohelptacklelonelinessandenhancethelivesofolderLondoners."Thecapital’solderpopulationisgrowingandit’sgreatthatLondonerswillnowhavetheopportunitytotakepartinthisvaluablescheme."Setupin2013,HenPowerisfoundtohelpreducedepressionandimprovepeople’swellbeing.Itisalsoseeingbenefitsindementiacaresettingswithstaffreportingareductionintheuseofanti-psychoticmedication.JoiningwithEqualArts,NottingHillHousingwillruntheuniqueprojectwithresidentsattwoofitscaresettings,ElmgroveHouseand60PenfoldStreet.LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“WearedelightedtobetakingpartinHenPowerandproudtobethefirstextracareschemesinLondonworkingwithEqualArtsontheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities."Currentlysupportingmorethan700residentsinover20NorthEastcarehomesthearrivalofHenPowerinLondonisthestartofthecharitytakingitsnovelinitiativecountry-wide.DouglasHunter,EqualArtsdirector,said:“ToseeHenPowertakingoffinNottingHillHousingvenuesistestamenttothedifferencethissimpleideacanhaveonpeople’swellbeing,nomatterwheretheyareinthecountry.“Itgivespeoplearoleandresponsibilityandresidentsc