考向41 阅读理解之诗歌类（解析版）

考向41阅读理解之诗歌类

（2019•浙江宁波•中考真题）SingaSongofPeople

byLoisLenski

Singasongofpeople!

Walkingfastorslow;

Peopleinthe'city

Upanddowntheygo.

Peopleonthesidewalk.

Peopleonthebus;

Peoplepassing,passing.

Inhackandfrontofus.

Peopleonthesubway

Underneaththeground.

Peopleridingtaxis

Roundandroundandround.

Peoplewiththeirhatson.

Goingtothedoors;

Peoplewithumbrellas

Whenilrainsandpours.

Peopleintallbuildings

Andinstoresbelow;

Ridingelevators

20upanddown（heygo.

Peoplewalkingsingly.

Peopleinacrowd;

Peoplesayingnothing,

Peopletalkingloud.

Peoplelaughing,smiling,

Grumpypeopletoo;

Peoplewhojusthurry

Andneverlookatyou!

Singasongofpeople

Wholiketocomeandgo;

Singofcitypeople

Youseebutnever!

1.Thepoemisabouta_______________city.

A.beautifulB.busyC.rainyD.small

2.InLine21,theword"singly"means____________________•

A.aloneB.fastC.slowlyD.quietly

3.Accordingtothepoem,thebestwordfortheblankis________________•

A.borrowB.throwC.knowD.allow

【答案】1.B2.A3.C

【分析】这是一首诗歌，作者是LoisLenski,题H是SingaSongofPeople,在这首诗歌中，

他描写了城市里来去匆匆、忙忙碌碌的人们。

1.推理判断题。根据诗歌中对人们的描写以及诗歌后半部分中Peoplewhojusthurry

Andneve门ookatyou!这句话可知，城市里的人来去匆匆，他们在各种交通工具上，在大楼

里、在电梯里，他们忙忙碌碌，从来不会看你。因此B选项符合文意。

2.词义猜测题。根据文意可知，诗歌中描写了各式各样的人们，Walkingfastorslow...Upand

downtheygo等。再看单词所在的句子Peoplewalkingsingly,以及下句话Peopleinacrowd;“人

们在人群中“可知，这两句话是相反的意思，故singly意思是“单独的，独自的“，故应选A。

3.推理判断题。borrow借；throw扔；know知道，了解；allow允许。根据上文Peoplewho

justhurryAndneverlookatyou!SingasongofpeopleWholiketocomeandgo;Singofcity

people…可知，城市里的人来去匆匆，从来不看你，所以你即使看到了他们，也不懂他们。

故C选项放在这里符合上文意思，选C。

诗歌，是一种有节奏和韵律、表达凝练、结构多样、用于反映生活和表达情感的文学体

裁。它被认为是文学最初的起源，可以说是最有创造力的文学。正如安德鲁-西蒙斯所说，

诗歌作为一种艺术形式，可以成为一切文学学习的基础

我们可以尝试用以下几个步骤来分析一首诗

第一步：寻找诗歌的含义

诗人究竟在说什么，这是我们首先要搞明白的。我们可以从诗歌的标题入手，诗人为什

么选择这个标题？思考诗人的背景以及诗歌更广泛的历史和文化背景。再看下诗歌本身的内

容，这首诗的叙事者是谁，他想传达什么信息？受众又是谁？这首诗想告诉你关于什么的主

题？这首诗会有什么影响？

第二步：分析诗歌的形式和结构

结构部分，想一想这首诗是以Nana的形式组织的回？长度.不同的诗节一样长吗？以

及标点符号的使用。形式方面，想一想这首诗在结构、节奏和/或韵律方面是否遵循某种特

定的模式，例如十四行诗、叙事诗和民谣。最关键的是，还要将诗歌形式和结构的细节，与

第一步中的诗歌含义和信息联系起来。问问自己，为什么诗人使用了一种特定的形式和结

构？

第三步：分析诗歌的韵律和节奏

这和第二步也是紧密相连的。你要能识别这首诗是否有规律的韵律和节奏，或者不寻常

的节奏或韵律，或根本没有，以及它们在诗的过程中是否有任何变化。一旦你确定了一首诗

的韵律和节奏的特点，你需要确保将其与诗歌的含义和信息联系起来。想一想诗人为什么选

择以特定的方式写作，以及这如何有助于加强诗歌的目的。

第四步：分析作者使用的语言和诗歌技巧

可以想一想，诗人使用了什么样的语言-是感性的、幽默的、还是描述性的？有没有用

什么有趣的或不寻常的单词或短语？诗人是否用了隐喻、拟人或比喻？有没有用语气词、拟

声词、讽刺、Alliteration>Patheticfallacy'Repeiilion这些修辞手法？

诗歌的Tone又是如何的，弥漫在诗中的气氛是悲伤、愤怒、喜悦，还是遗憾、忧郁？

基础练

（2023.河北秦皇岛•统考一模）DrinkingAloneundertheMoon

Amongtheflowers,fromapotofwine.

Idrinkwithoutacompanionofmine.

IraisemycuptoinvitetheMoonwhoblends.

HerlightwithmyShadowandwe'rethreefriends.

TheMoondoesnotknowhowtodrinkhershare;

InvainmyShadowfollowsmehereandthere.

Togetherwiththemforthetime1stay.

Andmakemerrybeforespring'sspentaway.

IsingandtheMoonlingerstohearmysong;

MyShadowsamesswhileIdancealong.

Sober,wethreeremaincheerfulandgay;

Drunken,wepartandeachmaygohisway.

Ourfriendshipwilloutshineallearthlylove;

Nexttimewe'llmeetbeyondthestarsabove.

1.Whoisthewriterofthispoem?

A.DuFu.B.LiBai.C.WangAnshi.D.DuMu.

2.Whatwasthewriter'sfeeling?

A.Lonely.B.Cheerful.C.Excited.D.Gay.

3.Wherecanyoureadit?

A.Storybook.B.Science.C.History.D.Literature.

【答案】1.B2.A3.D

【导语】本首诗主要描写了诗人李白在月夜花下独酌，无人亲近的冷落情景。

1.细节理解题。根据“DrinkingAloneundertheMoon”可知，《月下独酌四首》是唐代诗人

李白的作品。故选B。

2.主旨大意题。通读全诗可知，本首诗主要描写了诗人李白在月夜花下独酌，无人亲近的

冷落情景。选项A“孤独”最能反映出作者的心情。故选A。

3.推理判断题。本文是唐代诗人李白写的一首诗。它既不是故事也不属于科学、历史范畴,

而属于文学作品。故选D,

（2023•湖北荆州•统考一模）

Poems(TranslatedbyXuYuanchong)PicturesNotes

FishinginSnow

ByLiuZongyuan

Fromhilltohillnobirdinflight;

®on(heriver

Frompathtopathnomaninsight.

Alonelyfishermanafloal①&

Isfishinginsnow,inalonelyboat.

ToWangLun

ByLiBai

I,LiBai,sitaboardashipabouttogo.

Whensuddenlyonshoreyourfarewellsongs

o'erflow®②goodbye

一

HoweverdeepthelakeofPeachBlossoms

(桃花)maybe,

Itisnotsodeep,OWangLun!Asyourlove

forme.

SongofTomorrow

ByQianFu

Tomorrowcomesandagainconies

tomorrow,J

Tomorrowsarelikeriversthatendlessly③causetrouble

flow.

Ifallmythingsareputofftilltomorrow,

Mytimewastedtonopurposewillbrew

woe@.

4.InFishinginSnow,thefirsttwolineshavethesamerhyme（韵）/ait/whilethelasttwohave

.A./a:t/B./u:t/C./aut/D./out/

5.LiBaifeltwhenheheardgoodbyesongsfromWangLun.

A.freeB.thankfulC.sadD.h叩py

6.AccordingtoSongofTomorrow,peoplewouldlearnthat.

A.nopains,nogainsB.weshouldworkhardalldaylong

C.today'sworkshouldn'tbeputofftilltomorrowD.wecan'tgiveupevenifwehaveno

support

【答案】4.D5.B6.C

【导语】本文主要介绍了由许渊冲翻译的三首古诗。

4.细节理解题。afloat的发音为行flout/；boat的发音为/b。。t/,两个单词词尾押韵都是/wt/。

故选Do

5.推理判断题。根据"HoweverdeepthelakeofPeachBlossoms（桃花）maybe.Itisnotsodeep,

OWangLun!Asyourlovefbrme.”可知，李白认为桃花潭水不比汪伦送他的情谊深，由此推

出李白听到汪伦唱离别歌时心里是感激的。故选Bo

6.细节理解题。根据“I色11mythingsareputofftilltomorrow,Mylimewastedtonopurposewill

brewwoe③.”可知，《明口歌》里讲到“我生待明日，万事成蹉鸵“，人们能学到今天的工作

不能拖到明天。故选C.

（2023•江苏宿迁•统考一模）"Afriendinneedisafriendindeed/'Friendsareimportantto

us.Friendshelpusgetthroughhardtimes.Friendsalsoinfluenceusalot.Let'senjoytwopoems

aboutfriendship.

ATimetoTalk（ByRobertFrost）

.单汪伦一/

Whenafriendcallstomefromtheroad

Andslowshishorsetoameaningwalk,

Idon,tstandstillandlookaround

r-ToWangLunOnallthehillsIhaven'thoed（锄地）,

I,LiBai,sitaboardashipabouttogo.AndshoutfromwhereIam.whatisit?

WhensuddenlyonshoreyourfarewellsongsNo,notasthereisatimetotalk.

o'erflow.Ipushmyhoeintheground,

HoweverdeeptheLakeofPeachBlossoms（桃Blade（锄头）-endupandfivefeettall.

花）maybe.AndIgouptothestonewall

Itisnotsodeep,WangLunAsyourloveforForafriendlyvisit.

me.

Bothpoemsarefamousintheircultures,buttheytelldifferentstories.LiBaidescribedthe

scene（场景）ofhisfriendseeinghimoff.USpoetRobertFrostwroteaboutafriend'svisitwhen

hewasworking.Limadeacomparison.Hispoemshowsthefriendshipbetweenhimandhis

friendisdeeperthanthedeepwater.Frost'spoem,ontheotherhand,tellsthereadersthatwe

shouldstopwhatwearcdoingtotalkwithourfriends.Ittellsusthatnothingshouldgetinthe

wayofspendingtimewithfriends.Thelanguageissimplebutsincere.

7.Whatarefriendsinthepassage?

©Friendsarenotinneed.②Friendsareimportanttous.

③Friendsinfluenceusalol④Friendshelpusgeethroughhardtimes.

A.①②③B.®®®C.①③④D.②③④

8.WhatscenedidLiBaidescribeinthepoem?

A.Shipsonthelake.B.PeachBlossoms.

C.WangLunseeinghimoff.D.SongssungbyWangLun.

9.WhatisdeeperthantheLakeofPeachBlossomsinthefirstpoem?

A.Friendship.B.Culture.C.Meaning.D.Comparison.

10.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

A.Theendofthefriendship.B.Thewritersofthepoems.

C.Thecomparisonofpeople.D.Theanalysis（分析）ofthepoems.

【答案】7.D8.C9.A10.D

【导语】本文介绍了两首关于友谊的诗歌。

7.细节理解题。根据“Friendsarcimportanttous.Friendskelpusgetthroughhardtimes.Friends

alsoinfluenceusalol.”可知，朋友对我们很重要，朋友帮助我们度过难关，朋友也对我们有

很大影响。故选D。

8.细节理解题。根据“LiBaidescribedthescene（场景）ofhisfriendseeinghimoff.”可知,《赠

汪伦》主要描写汪伦为李白送行。故选C。

9.细节理解题。根据"Limadeacomparison.Hispoemshowsthefriendshipbetweenhimandhis

friendisdeeperthanthedeepwater.“可知，比桃花潭还要深的是友谊。故选A.,

10.段落大意题。根据“Bothpoemsarefamousintheircultures,buttheytelldifferentstories.”

及本段的内容可知，最后一段是对于诗歌主题的分析。改选D。

提升练

(2023•河北石家庄•校联考一模)Thewindkeepsblowing.

Thedoorkeepsopening.

Willyoubewithme,mydearLucy,

WhenIlookforcandy

Downthereinthedark,darkkitchen?

Thewindkeepscrying.

Thedoorkeepsshaking.

Willyoubewithme,mydearLucy,

WhenIpickupmytoypuppy

Outthereonthehigh,highbalcony?

Wishyoucouldalwaysbewithme

Andmake(hemgoawaywithyourDo-Re-Me.

IrememberlastHalloween

Theyranawaywhenyoustartedtosing,

“DearTommy,mylittleking,

Closeyoureyesandhaveasweetdream.”

Sopleasestaywithmeandsing

Tostopthemkickingthedoor,ridingthewind,

Andpullingmedowntotheirhouseundertheground.

They5IIgoawayifyousingherefbrme,

Inavoicethatgetsablackcat'shairstanding,

Thestrongestlegsshaking,andthewindowglassbreaking.

(ideasfromMatthewSweeney'spoem)

11.ThewriterwantsLucytowithhim.

A.lookfbrcandyB.lookforthemotherC.pickuphisbrotherD.pickupsomecandy

12.Afterreadingthepassage,wecanknowDo-Re-Meprobablyrefersto.

A.Jimmy'ssongB.Jimmy'smovieC.Lucy,songD.Lucy'smovie

13.WhatcanwelearnaboutLucyinthepassage?

A.Shekeepsopening(hedoor.B.Hervoicemakesthespeakerfeelsate.

C.Hercandywashiddenonthebalcony.D.ShewasawayfromhomelastHalloween.

【答案】11.A12.C13.B

【导语】本文是一首诗。诗歌主要表达了作者对Lucy的挽留，依赖与思念。

11.判断推理题。根据"Willyoubewithme,mydearLucy,WhenIlookforcandy...”和"Willyou

bewithme,mydearLucy,WhenIpickupmytoypuppy...”可知，当作者寻找糖果，抱着玩具小

狗时，希望Lucy陪在身边，可推测作者想要Lucy和他一起找糖果。故选A。

12.判断推理题。根据“WishyoucouldalwaysbewithmeAndmakethemgoawaywithyour

Do-Re-Mc.IrememberlastHalloweenTheyranawaywhenyoustartedtosing,...”可知,作者记

得去年的万圣节，当Lucy唱歌时，赶走了作者心中的恐惧，可推测作者希望Lucy用歌把

他的恐惧赶走，"Do-Re-Me”这里指的是Lucy的歌。故选C。

13.判断推理题。根据整首诗和最后一段“Sopleasestaywithmeandsing...Thestrongestlegs

shaking,andthewindowglassbreaking.”可知，作者希望Lucy陪伴着他，她的歌声可以赶走

作者心中的恐惧，可推测Lucy的歌声可以给作者安全感。故选B。

（2023・陕西榆林•校考一模）

IfIcouldcatcharainbow（虹）1would

doitjustforyou

andsharewithyouitsbeauty

Onthedaysyou'refeelingblue.

IfIcouldbuildamountain

Youcouldcallyourveryown

Aplacetofindserenity（安静）

Aplacetobealone.

IfIcouldtakeyourtroubles

Iwouldtoss（扔）theminthesea

ButallthesethingsI'mfinding

areimpossibleforme.

Icannotbuildamountain

Orcatcharainbowfair

ButletmebewhatIknowbest

Afriendthat'salwaysthere.

14.Whatkindofwritingisthetext?A.Poem.B.News.C.Diary.D.Email.

15.Whoisthetextwrittenfor?

A.Thewriter'sparents.B.Thewriter'sstudent.

C.Thewriter'sfriend.D.Thewriter^teacher.

16.Whatdoesthewriterwanttosaybythispoem?

A.It'simpossiblefor“me”tobuildamountain.B.Nobodaycancatcharainbowfairinthesky.

C.Weshouldbekindtothenatureandprotectit.D.Afriendisalwaystheretosupport

“you”.

【答案】14.A15.C16.D

【导语】本文是一首讲述友谊的诗。

14.推理判断题。根据文章的结构可知，这是一个讲述友谊的诗。故选A。

15.细节理解题。根据诗的最后一句话‘据friendthat'salwaysthere”可知,朋友总是在身边，

因此这首诗是写给作者的朋友的。故选C,

16.细节理解题。根据诗的最后两句"ButletmebewhatIknowbest.Afriendthat'salways

there”可知但是我最了解的是朋友总是在身边，因此作者想要表达的是朋友总是在你身边支

持着你。故选D。

（2022•新疆吐鲁番•校考一模）根据短文内容，在A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个正确

答案。

HappyRainonaSpringNightGoodrainknowsitstimeright;

Ilwillfallwhencomesspring.

Withwinditstealsinnight;

Mute,itmoistenseachthing.

O'erwildlanesdarkcloudspreads;

InhoataInternlooms.

Dawnseessaturatedreds;

Thetown'sheavywithblooms.

------TranslatedbyXuYuanchong

Thefamouspoem,withfourcouplets,waswrittenbyDuFu(712-770,TangDynasty)when

hewaslivingandfarminginChengdu.Hisfanningexperiencetaughthimtobethankfulto

nature.Theveryfirstword,"good”,showsthepoet'sjoyandlovefbrthespringrain.Therainis

goodbecauseit"knows”thepropertimetocome.Herearethepoemusespersonification,asrain

wassmartenoughtoconicintimefbrthefarmer'sbusyseason.

Inthesecondcouplet,whentheraincomes,itappearsduringthenightwithoutmakingany

noise.Unlikethesummerstorms,thespringrainfinishesitstaskwithoutbeingknown.

Inthethirdcouplet,thepoetdescribesapeacefulscenetous.Inthenightsky,theclothes

lookdarkandheavy.It'sasignthattherewillbeenoughrainduringthenight.

Lastly,thepoetstartstoimagine.Tomorrowmorning,hethinks,thecityofChengduwill

becomebeautifulwhenalloftheflowersbloom(盛开)aftertherain.

17.What'stheChinesetitleofthepoemHappyRainonaSpringNight?

A.春望B.春晓C.春夜喜雨D.夜雨寄北

18.Howmanycoupletsare（hereinthispoem?

A.2B.4C.6D.8

19.Whichwordcanbeusedtodescribetheraininthispoem?

A.Busy.B.Strong.C.Dark.D.Quiet.

20.Whatdoestheword“personification"mean?

A.拟人B.比喻C.排比D.对比

21.WhatdoesDuFuwanttoshowinthispoem?

A.Heisthankfultonature.B.Helovesfarming.

C.Hedoesn'tenjoyspring.D.Heexpectstheflowerstobloom.

【答案】17.B18.B19.D20.A21.A

【导语】本文是一首诗歌。诗歌主要介绍r《春夜喜雨》这首诗的作者以及对这首诗的赏析。

17.细节理解题。根据题目“HappyRainonaSpringNight”及诗的内容可知,这是杜甫的诗

《春夜喜雨》，故选B.

18.细节理解题。根据“Theveryfirstword”、4inthesecondcouplcf\"Inthethirdcouplet”和

“Lastly,ihepoetslartstoimagine.”可知，一共有四联，故选B。

19.推理判断题。根据"Inthesecondcouplet,whentheramconies,itappearsduringthenight

withoutmakinganynoise.Unlikethesummerstorms,thespringrainfinishesitstaskwithout

beingknown."（当雨来了，它出现在夜间，没有发出任何声音。与夏天的暴风雨不同，春雨

在不知不觉中完成了它的任务。）可知，本句表达的是，“随风潜入夜，润物细无声”，表达

的是春雨的静。故选D。

20.词义猜;则题。根据“Herearethepoemusespersonification,asrainwassmartenoughiocome

intimeforthefarmer'sbusyseason.**（这首诗使用了拟人的手法，比如雨水足够聪明，及时

赶上了农民的农忙季节）可知，即“随风潜入夜”采用了拟人手法，所以该单词表示“拟人”。

故选Ao

21.细节理解题。根据"Hisfarmingexperiencetaughthimtobethankfultonature.”可知,杜甫

想在这首诗中表达他要感恩自然，故选A。

真题练

（2021・广西・统考中考真题）FourPoems

Poem1Poem2

_________________ByLiuZongyuanToWangLunByLiBai

Fromhilltohillnobirdinflight;I,LiBai,sitaboardashipabouttogo.

Frompathtopathnomaninsight.Whensuddenlyonshoreyourfarewell@songs

Alonelyfishermanafloat①o'erflow.

Isfishinginsnowinalonelyboat.HoweverdeepthelakeofPeachBlossomsmaybe.

Itisnotsodeep,0WangLun!Asyourloveforme.

Poem3Pocm4

HomesicknessNightByLiBai

OntheStorkTowerByWangZhihuan

Beforemybedapooloflight,

Thesunbeyondthemountainglows®;

Canitbehoarfrost③ontheground?

TheYellowRiverseawards⑥flows⑦.

Lookingup,Ifindllicmuonblight;

Youcanenjoyagrander®sight

Bowing,inhomesicknessI'm

Byclimbingtoagreaterheight.

drowned④.

(TranslatedbyXuYuanchong)

NOTES:®ontheriver②goodbye③smallpiecesofice©dyingmissing⑤shinesless

brightly©towardsthesea©runs©greater

根据语篇内容，选择最住选项，并在答题卡上将选定答案的字母标号涂黑V

22.

23.ThebesttideforPoemIis.

A.HappyRainonaSpringNightB.FishinginSnow

C.SongoftheGreatWindD.ReturntoNature

24.LiBaifeltwhenhewrotePoem2.

A.freeB.interestedC.thankfulD.confident

25.InPoem3,theunderlinedword“Homesickness"meansinChinese.

A.思乡B.忧国C.壮志D.乐学

26.AccordingtoPoem4,whatwouldWangZhihuanagree?

A.Nevergiveupevenifyouhavenosupport.B.Itisimportanttosaygoodbyetoafriend.

C.Don'tputofftoday'sworkuntiltomorrow.D.Thehigheryoustand,thefartheryoucansec.

【答案】22.A23.B24.C25.A26.D

【分析】本文主要介绍了四首占诗。

22.细节理解题。根据"Isfishinginsnowinalonelyboat”可知,这首古诗应该是一个独自在

的鱼的场景，故选人。

23.最佳标题题。根据“Isfishinginsnowinalonelyboat”及常识可知,这是《江雪》的故事,

故选B。

24.细节理解题。根据“Itisnotsodeep,OWangLun!Asyourloveforme”可知，李白在写第

二首古诗时是很感激汪伦踏歌赶来送行，故选C。

25.词义猜测题。根据"Bowing,inhomesickness2mdrowned”可推断,这是作者表达自己思

想的一种情绪，所以Hoir.esickness表示“思乡”，故选A,

26.推理判断题。根据"Youcanenjoyagrandersight”及“Byclimbingtoagreaterheight”可判

这首诗表达了作者在登高望远中表现出来的不凡的胸襟抱负，故选Do

（2021.甘肃天水•统考中考真题）

Ifyou'vetriedandhavenotwon.Thoughthestrongtreehasknown

Neverstopforcrying;Manyblowsofstormywinds,

Allihat'sgreatandgoodisdoneShehasrisenagain,andgrown

Justbypatienttrying.Higherandprouder.

Thoughyoungbirds,inflying,fall,Ifbyeasyworkyoubeat.

Stilltheirwingsgrowstronger;Whothemorewillprizeyou?

AndthenexttimetheycankeepGainingsuccessfromdefeat-

Upalittlelonger.That'sthetestthattriesyou!

阅读以上诗歌，根据其内容卬I答其后各个小题。

27.Whatisdonebypatienttrying?A.Allthatisgreatandgood.B.Allyou'venotwon.

C.Thethingsthatyou'vecriedfbr.D.Thethingsthatarestopped.

28.Whathappenstoyoungbirdswhentheyfly?

A.Theyflyveryhigh.B.Theyfall.

C.Theyloseconfidence.D.Theylookscared.

29.Howisthetreeafterthestormywinds?

A.Sheisweak.B.Sheisshy.C.Sheisprouder.D.Sheisdying.

30.Whatdocstheunderlinedword"defbat"probablymean?

A.Work.B.Prize.C.Happiness.D.Failure.

31.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispoem?

A.Bebrave.B.Don'tgiveup.

C.Facedisagreement.D.Togethappiness.

【答案】27.A