英国文学期末考试-诗歌赏析原资料总汇

Shakespeare

Sonnet18(BooklP118)

ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?我能否将你比作夏天，

Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.你比夏天更美丽温婉。

RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,当风将五月的蒋蕾凋残，

Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate.夏FI的勾留何其短暂。

Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,休恋那丽日当空，

Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed;转眼会云雾迷蒙。

Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,休叹那百花飘零，

Bychanceornature'schangingcourseuntrimmed;催折于无常的天命。

Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,唯有你永恒的夏日常新，

Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st你的美貌亦亳发无损。

NorshallDeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade死神也无缘将你幽禁，

Whenineternallinestotimethougrow'st,你在我永恒的诗II，长存。

Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇,

Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothcc.这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。

Notes

temperate(2):i.e.,evenly-tempered;notovercomebypassion.

theeyeofheaven(5):i.e.,thesun.

everyfairfromfairsometimedeclines(7):i.e.,thebeauty(fair)ofeverythingbeautiful(fair)

willfade(declines).

nature'schangingcourse(8):i.e.,thenaturalchangesagebrings.

thatfairthouow'st(10):i.e.,thatbeautyyoupossess.

ineternallines...grow,st(12):Thepoetisusingagraftingmetaphorinthisline.Graftingis

atechniqueusedtojoinpartsfromtwoplantswithcordssothattheygrowasone.Thusthe

belovedbecomesimmortal,graftedtotimewiththepoefscords(his^eternallinesn).For

commentaryonwhetherthissonnetisreallyuonclongexerciseinself-glorification",please

seebelow.

1.ShallIcompare(heetoasummer'sday?

Thisistakenusuallytomean'WhatifIweretocomparethccetc?'Thestockcomparisonsofthe

lovedonetoall(hebeauteojsthingsinnaturehoverinthebackgroundthroughout.

Thisquestioniscomparinghertothesummertimeoftheyear.ltisduringthistimewhenthe

flowersareblooming,treesarefullofleaves,theweatheriswarm,anditisgenerallythoughtof

asanenjoyabletimeduringtheyear.

2.Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:

Theyouth'sbeautyismoreperfectthanthebeautyofasummerday.moretemperate-moregentle,

morerestrained,whereasthesummer'sdaymighthaveviolentexcessesinstore,suchasarcabout

tobedescribed.

3.RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,

MaywasasummermonthinShakespeare'stime,becausethecalendarinuselaggedbehindthe

truesiderealcalendarbyatleastafortnight.

darlingbudsofMay-thebeautiful,muchlovedbudsoftheearlysummer;favouriteHowers.

4.Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate:

Legalterminology.Thesummerholdsaleaseonpariof(heyear,buttheleaseistooshort,andhas

anearlytermination(date).

5.Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,

Sometime=onoccasion,sometimes;theeyeofheaven=thesun.

6.Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed,

hisgoldcomplexion=his(thesun's)goldenface.

Itwouldbedimmedbycloudsandonovercastdaysgenerally.

7.Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,

Allbeautifulthings(everyfair)occasionallybecomeinferiorincomparisonwiththeiressential

previousstateofbeauty(fromfair).Theyalldeclinefromperfection.

8.Bychance,ornature'schangingcourseuntrimmed:

Bychanceaccidents,orbythefluctuatingtidesofnature,whicharenotsubjecttocontrol,nature's

changingcourseuntrimmed.

untrinuned-thiscanrefertotheballast(trimming)onashipwhichkeepsitstable;ortoalackof

ornamentanddecoration.Thegreaterdifficultyhoweveristodecidewhichnounthisadjectival

participleshouldmodify.Doesitrefertonature,orchance,oreveryfairinthelineabove,oriothe

effectofnature'schangingcourse?KDJaddsacommaaftercourse,whichprobablyhas(heeffect

ofdirectingthewordtowardsallpossibleantecedents.Shepointsoutthatnature'schangingcourse

couldrefertowomen'smonthlycourses,ormenstruation,inwhichcaseeveryfairintheprevious

linewouldrefertoeveryfairwoman,withtheimplicationthattheyouthisfreeofthiscyclical

curse,andisthereforemoreperfect.

9.Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,

Referringforwardstotheeternitypromisedbytheeverlivingpoetinthenextfewlines,through

hisverse.

lO.Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st,

Norshallit(youreternalsummer)loseitsholdonthatbeautywhichyousorichlypossess.ow'st=

ownest,possess.Bymetonymyweunderstand'norshallyouloseanyofyourbeauty,.

1l.Norshalldeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,

Severalhalfechoeshere.Thebiblicalonesareprobably'Ohdeathwhereisthysting?Orgravethy

victoiy?'implyingthatdeathnormallyboastsofhisconquestsoverlife.AndPsalms233:'Yea

thoughIwalkthrough(hevalleyoftheshadowofdeathIwillfearnoevil'Inclassicalliterature

theshadesflittedhelplesslyintheunderworldlikegibberingghosts.

12.Whenineternallinestolimethougrow'st,

ineternallines=intheundyinglinesofmyverse.Perhapswithareferencetoprogeny,andlines

ofdescent,butitseemsthattheprocreationthemehasalreadybeenabandoned.

totimethougrow'st-youkeeppacewithtime,yougrowaslimegrows.

13.Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,

Foraslongashumansliveandbreatheupontheearth,fbr£slongasthereareseeingeyescnthe

earth.

14.Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.

Thatishowlongtheseverseswilllive,celebratingyou,andcontinuallyrenewingyourlife.But

oneisleftwithaslightresidualfeelingthatperhapstheyouth'sbeautywilllastnolongernana

summer'sday.despitethepoet'sproudboast.

FigureofSpeech

Rhetoricalquestioning:

TheI"line,tousedtocreateatoneofrespect,andtoengagetheaudience

Metaphor:

Shakespeareopensthepoemwithametaphor,comparingthewomanhelovestoallofthebest

characteristicsofasummer'sday.Whenwethinkaboutsummer,manyattributescometomind,

suchaswarmth,sunshine,fun,andrelaxation.ltistheoppositeofwinteranditsfreezing

temperatures,consistentbadweatherandbleakskies.Summerrepresentsoptiinism.

Shakespearegoesontopointoutthatsummerhasitsdownside,aswell.Forinstance,sometimes

thesunisfartoohot.Sumnierheatcanbeunbearable.Also,summerdayscanbefickle,inthatthey

arecloudywhenwethinktheyshouldbewarm.Finally,summerdaysarejusttootransient.His

lovemayhavebeenconfusedatthispoint.Isitbeneficialtobecomparedtoasummer'sday?

Shakespearesetshermindalrest,however,inexplainingthatsheisfarmorebeautifulandeven

temperedthanthemostdesirablesummerweather.

Personification:

ItisworthmentioningShakespeare'suseofpersonificationhere.Hegivesthesunaneye,ahuman

attribute,andinthenextline,acomplexion.

Parallelism:

Thefinalcouplet,usedtoemphasizethemessage:thebcau:yofthesubjectwillbeimmortalized

bythepowerofhisart

Theme

Aprofoundmeditationonthedestructivepoweroftimeandtheeternalbeautybroughtforthby

poetrytotheoneheloves.

Anicesummer'sdayisusuallytransient,butthebeautyinpoetrycanlastforever.Thus

Shakespearehasafaithinthepermanenceofpoetry.

Literaturewillkeeptransientbeautyeverlasting.

Themessageisthatinthisworldnobeauty(inNature)canstayexceptpoetryorart;andyour

beautycanonlylastifIwriieitdowninmypoetry.

Onthesurface,thepoemisastatementofpraiseaboutthebeautyofthebelovedwoman.The

beloved's"eternalsummer'shallnotfadepreciselybecauseitisembodiedinthesonnet.He

doesn'twantherbeautytobecomparedtoatransitoryperiodlikesummer.Transiency(短暂，梢纵

即逝)oftimeisalsothethemesofSonnet18.Thepoetdoesnotwantthebeautytofadewith

time.Tohim,herbeautymustbeliketheeternalsummer.Bcautyshouldbeappreciatcd.Thebest

waytopreserveherbeautyistokeepi(inthispoem.Actually,(hewriterwantedtoexpresshis

viewthatartcankeepthebeautyforever.Artnotonlycanmakepeopleenjoythebeau:yby

readingit,butalsobeabeautyitself.Naturalbeautywouldbeknockedoutwiththepassingofthe

time.Onlycantheartbringtheeternity.Forthespeaker,lovetranscendsnature.Thepoet'sloveis

sopowerfulthatevendeathisunabletocurtail(减少)it.Thespeaker*slovelivesonforfuture

generationstoadmirethroughthepowerofthewrittenword-throughthesonnetitself.Thefinal

coupletexplainsthatthebeloved's"eternalsummer"willcontinueaslongastherearepeople

alivetoreadthissonnet.

Sonnet29(BooklP119)

When,indisgracewithfortuneandmen'seyes,面对命运的抛弃，世人的冷眼，

Iallalonebeweepmyoutcaststate.我唯有独自把飘零的身世悲叹。

Andtroubledeafheavenwithmybootlesscries,我曾徒然地呼唤聋耳的苍天，

Andlookuponmyself,andcursemyfate,诅咒自己的时运，丽影自怜.

Wishingmeliketoonemorerichinhope,我但愿，愿胸怀千般心愿，

Featuredlikehim.likehimwithfriendspossessed,愿有三朋六友和美貌之颜；

Desiringthisman'sartsandthatman'sscope.愿有才华盖世，有文采斐然，

WithwhatImostenjoycontentedleast;唯对自己的长处,偏偏看轻看淡。

Yetinthesethoughtsmyselfalmostdespising,我正耽于这种妄自菲薄的思想，

HaplyIthinkonthee,andthenmyslate.猛然间想到了你，顿时景换情迁,

Liketothelarkatbreakofdayarising我忽如破晓的云雀凌空振羽，

Fromsullenearth,singshymnsatheaven'sgate;讴歌直上天门，把苍茫大地俯瞰C

Forthysweetloverememberedsuchwealthbrings但记住你柔情招来财无限，

ThatthenIscorntochangemystatewithkings.纵帝王屈尊就我，不与换江山。

l.Whenindisgracewithfortuneandmen'seyes

Tobeindisgracewithfortuneispresumablytobenotfavouredbyher.

2.1allalonebeweepmyoutcaststate,

bcwccp=weepfor,bewail;Likebewailandbeseem,thewordhasanarchaicandbiblicalflavour.

myoulcastslate=myconditionofbeingasocialoutcasl.Theconditionisprobablyexaggerated

forthesakeofeffect,andtoemphasizethatthespeakerseeseverythinginagloomylight.Fortunc

hasturnedagainsthimandhefeelsthathedoesnotbelonganymore(osociety.

3.Andtroubledeafheavenwithmybootlesscries,

deafheaven-Heaven(God)turnsadeafeartohiscomplaintsandlaments.bootless=(onoavail,

achievingnothing.

4.Andlookuponmyself,andcursemyfate,

Andlookuponmyself-astheoutcastcontemplateshisownfallenstate.

cursemyfate-anotherechofromtheBookofJobintheBible:

5.Wishingmelikeloonemorerichinhope,

Wishingmyselftobelikeonewhoismorerichlyendowedwithallmannerofblessings,including

wealth.

6.Featuredlikehim,likehimwithfriendspossessed,

Featuredlikehim,likehim=withfeatureslikethisperson,likethissecondpersonhavingfriends,

likethisthird,desiringhisskills(line7)etc.

7.Desiringthisman'sart,andthatman'sscope,

thisman'sart=theskillthatoneparticularpersonhas;ihalman'sscope=thecapability,range,

mentalabilitythatanotherparticularpersonhas.

8.Wi(hwhatImostenjoycontentedleast;

Itisunspecifiedwhathemostenjoys,butevidently,inhisdespondency,thingswhichoughtto

givehimenjoymentdonetdoso.Theimplicationisthathenolongerenjoystheloveofhis

beloved,althoughthatideaiscountermandedbythefinalcouplet.

9.Yetinthesethoughtsmyselfalmostdespising,

inthesethoughts=while1amengagedinthesethoughts

myselfalmostdespising-andalmostconsideringmyselftobedespicableforbeingsocastdewn.

lO.HaplyIthinkonthee,andthenmystate.

Haply=bychance,byahappystrokeofluck;

mystate=mymentalstate,withasuggestionalsothathisfortune,orthestateofaffairsinwhich

hefindshimself,improves.

12.Fromsullenearth,singshymnsatheaven'sgate;

sullen=gloomy,dark,miserable;

Fromsullenearth-thephrasemaybetakenbothwiththisandwiththeprecedingline.Thelark

risesfromsullenearth,anditalsosingshymnswhichriseupfromtheearthtothegateofheaven,

or,asitsings,itrisesfromearthtowardsheaven.

sings-thesubjectisthelark,butalsothepoet'ssoul,whichhasbeenliberatedbyhisthinkingof

hisbeloved.

13.Forthysweetloverememberedsuchwealthbrings

thysweetloveremembered=whenIhavecalledtomindyourlove,whenyoursweetlovesprings

upagaininmymemory.

14.ThatthenIscorntochangemystatewithkings.

Althoughtheprimarymeaningisthat'Iamhappierthanakingcouldbe,andthereforehaveno

wishtoswapplaceswithhim'thereisahintofthepoliticalmeaningofstate,i.e.nationstate.

FiguresofSpeech

Shakespeareusesliterarydevicestoconnectthereaderstothepoemandpossiblyhis

life.Metaphorswereusedinlines10-12.Intheselines,hecompareshislovetothelarkwho

singssongstotheheavens.Shakespeareusesthismetaphorbecausehewantstoshowthereader

howhappythethoughtofhistruelovemakeshimfeel.Eveninthetoughesttimes,thespeakeris

brightenedbythethoughtofhisloveandShakespearewantstodisplaythistohis

rcadcrs.Shakcspcarcusessymbolismmanytimesthroughoutthepoem,especiallyin1-3,7,11,

and13.Inthefirstthreelines,Shakespearesymbolizesthatheisjealousofeverythingin

socicty.Hcusessymbolismherebecausehewantsthereadertoknowthatthespeakerfeelslikean

outcastcomparedtotherestofsociety.Inline7,Shakespeareusessymbolismtodescribetheskills

ofothermenandtheirfreedom.Heusessymbolisminthislinebecauseheisdescribinghis

wantingofbetterskillsandmorefreedom.Intheeleventhline,thesymbolismisthat(hespeakeris

describinghisloverasalark.Heuses(hissymbolismbecauseheisportrayingthathisloverisas

lovelyasasongbirdsingingtotheheavens.Inline13,thewealththatisbroughttothespeaker

everytimehe(hinksofhislovershowshowhappyshemakeshimfeel.Shakespeareusesthisas

symbolismbecauseheisdisplayingthatlovehisstrongenoughtopullsomeoneoutoftheir

darkesthours.Lastly,personificationcanbefoundinline3.ShakespeareisgivingHeavenhuman

likecharacteristics,suchastheabilitytohear.Heincludesthisinhissonnetbecausethisaddsto

thelonesomenessthespeakerisfeeling,sinceevenGodwillnotanswerhiswishes.

Repetition:"likehim^^and"mans”inlines6and7,Thisemphasizesthathewantstomelikethe

othermenotherthanremaininglikehimself

Alliteration:tkthink,thee,then''inline11

Rhyme:followspattern:ababcdcdebebff,ex."state,fate,gate"and"brings,kings”The

useofrhymeisverycommoninsonnets.

Tone:

Thetoneofthissonnetismelancholyandupset.Thismelancholy,upsettoneshowshowbadthe

speakerfeeIs.Towardsthenendofthepoemthespeaker'srrioodchangesandsodoesthetone.The

townshiftsfrommelancholyandupsettohappyandgracious.

Theme

ThethemeofSonnet29istoshow(heimportanceoflove.Money,society,andpossessionsare

displayedasinferiorcomponentsofhumanity.Thespeakerchangestoembracethevalueoflove

whichmakeshimsuperiortoakingandthoseofhighersocialclasses.

Thethemeofthissonnetisthefeelingoflovecanoverpowerthefeelingsofself-hate.Thepoem

conveysthisthemewellbecauseitstartswiththespeakertalkingabouthowmuchhedislikeshis

life.Thespeakersitesmanyexamplesofwhythisishowhefeels.Thenthespeakertalksabout

howhebychangethinksabouthisloveanditliftshisspirits.

ThisisoneofShakespeare'smoreambiguoussonnets:onedoesnotknowwhothespeakeris

referringtooriftheword"love"inthissonnetreferstoaromanticloveoraplatoniclove.The

wholepoemexpressesthechangesoftheauthor'sinnerfeelings,whicharefromdisappointto

hopeful,fromnegativetopositive,fromdesperatetoaffectionate,fromself-abasedto

confident.disclosesthedesireofappeliteJustandpowerandproposesthatappetiteis(hebasic

desire,lusthasitsownduality,thcdesireforpowerisadangerandfinallythepapergives

awaytodealwiththedesires.ilisapoemwhichhelpsussensethegreatnessoflove,whichisthe

centerofhislifejhesunshineonacloudyday.

Milton

OnHisBlindness(Book1P148)

WhenIconsiderhow,mylightisspent我思量，我怎么还未到生命的中途，

Erehalfmydays,inthisdarkworldandwide.就已耗尽光明，走上这黑暗的茫茫的世路,

Andthatonetalentwhichisdeathtohide我这完全埋没了的庸才，对我亳无用处，

Lodgedwithmeuseless,thoughmysoulmorebent虽然我的心思是要多多服务，

ToservetherewithmyMaker,andpresent想要鞠躬尽瘁地服务于我的创造主，

Mytrueaccount,lestHereturningchide,算清我的帐，免得他要向我发怒；

DothGodexactday-labour,lightdenied?“难道上帝不给光明却要计算日工吗？

，，

Ifondlyask:--BuiPatience,toprevent我愚蠢地一问，“忍耐”就把我的话止

住，

Thatmurmur,soonreplies;Goddothnotneed立刻回答道：“上帝不需要人的服务,

Eitherman'swork,orHisowngifts:whobest也不要你还他什么礼物；

BearHismildyoke,theyserveHimbest:Hisstate谁能忍受得起痛苦，就是最好的服务:

Iskingly:thousandsatHisbiddingspeed他的国度气派堂皇，听他差遣的不计其数,

Andposto'erlandandoceanwithoutrest:他们奔走忙碌于海洋和大陆；

Theyalsoservewhoonlystandandwait.那些站立得稳，坚定不移的也是服务。

Lines1-8:

Miltongetsratherimpatientatthethoughtofhisblindness.Heisblindinthemiddleage.Blindness

preventshimfromusinghispoetictalentbywritingsomethinggreattoglorifyGod.Hehasakeen

desiretoserveGodbyusinghispoetictalent,becauseheknowsthatGodwantsmantousehis

God-givenpowerorhemaybepunished.InanimpatientmoodMiltondoubtsifGodwouldbejust

indemandingworkfroinablindmanlikehim.

Lines8-14:

Milton'sattitudeofdoubtpassesoffinamoment.Hisinnerconsciencerisesupwithitsfaithin

God'sjustice.HerealizesthatGoddoesnotneedman'sworkbywayofservicetohim;nordoes

hecarewhethermanusesHisgifts.HeistheKingofkings;Hisdominionisovertheuniverse.He

hasthousandsofangelsdoingHisbiddingsatalltimesflyingoverlandandsea.liehasthousands

ofotherswhostandbyHisthroneandsingHispraise.Thclattertooarcasgoodasbelovedasthe

activeangels.So,patientsubmissiontoHiswillis(hebestservicetoHim.

Allthelinesinthepoemareiniambicpentameter.In(hismetricpattern,alinehasfivepairsof

unstressedandstressedsyllables,fbratotaloftensyllables.Thefirsttwolinesofthepoem

illustratethispattern.

Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.

FiguresofSpeech:

Alliteration:mydaysinthisdarkworldandwide(line2)

Metaphor:thoughmysoulmorebent/ToservetherewithmyMaker(lines3-4).Theauthor

compareshissoultohismind.

Personification/Metaphor:ButPatience,toprevent/Thatmurmur,soonreplies...

(lines8-9).

Paradox:Theyalsoservewhoonlystandandwait.

Theme:

ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestsocanendurethe

sufferingbest.ThissonnetiswrittenasaresultofMilton'sgrief,ashelosthiseyesightathis

middleage.

Godjudgeshumansonwhethertheylaborforhimtothebestoftheirability.Forexample,if

onecarpentercanmakeonlytwochairsadayandanothercarpentercanmakefive,they

bothserveGodequallywellifthefirstcarpentermakeshistwochairsandthesecondmakes

hisfive.lfonecarpenterbecomesseverelydisabledandcannotmakeevenasinglechair;he

remainsworthyinthesightofGod.For,asMiltonsaysinthelastlineofthepoem,"theyalso

servewhoonlystandandwait.”

Miltondecidestorationalizehisfearbyseekingsolutionsinhisfaith.

Byron

SonnetOnChillon(Book2P28)

EternalSpiritofthechainlcssMind!你磅礴的精神之永恒的幽灵！

Brightestindungeons,Liberty!thouart:自由阿，你在地牢里才最灿烂！

Fortherethyhabitationistheheart--因为在那儿你居于人的心间一

Theheartwhichloveoftheealonecanbind;那心呵，它只听命对你的爱情：

Andwhenthysonstofettersareconsign'd当你的信徒们被带上了枷锁，

Tofetters,andthedampvault'sdaylessgloom.在暗无天日的地牢里牺牲，

Theircountryconquerswiththeirmartyrdom,他们的祖国因此受人尊敬，

AndFreedom'sfamefindswingsoneverywind.自由的声誉随着每阵风传播。

Chilion!thyprisonisahol>place,锡雍！你的监狱成了一隅圣地,

Andthysadflooranaltar--for'twastrod,你阴郁的地面变成了神坛，

Untilhisverystepshaveleftatrace因为伯尼瓦尔在那里走来走去

Worn,asifthycoldpavementwereasod,印下深痕，仿佛你冰冷的石板

ByBonnivard!Maynonethosemarksefface!是生草的泥土！别涂去那足迹

FortheyappealfromtyrannytoGod.因为它在暴政下向上帝求援。

ThissonnetisessentiallyoftheItaliantype,withslightmodificationsintherimingpatterninthe

octave(abba,acca,dedede).

The“SonnetonChillon”whichprecedesthe(ale,iscomposedinmemoryofBonnivard.

Theme:

Thissonnetiswritteninpraiseofliberty,inpraiseofthosewhoremaintruetotheidealsof

freedomevenwhenpersecutedbytheiroppressors.ltisaprotestagainst(hepoliticalreactionof

thattime.

FiguresofSpeechandAnalysis

Thispoemdramatizestheconflictbetweenlibertyandtyranny,specificallyininstanceswhere

tyrannicalforcesattempttosquelchlibertybyimprisoningthosewhochampionhervir(ue$.The

speakerpresentsaparadoxinthebeginningofthepoem,uEternalSpiritofthechainless

mind!/Brightestindungeons,Liberty,thouart,-Fortherethyhabitationistheheart,-n

(1,2,3)Thespeakerpersonifieslibertyandexplainstheparadoxasthepoemcontinues.Liberlyis

describedasalivingwomanwhose"sons"(5)areaconsigned,to...daylessgloomv(5/6).In

(hisgloomhowever,“loveoftheealonecanbind"(4).Thespeakercreatesalongmetaphorin

whichtowin,tyrannymustmakementurntheirheartsagainsttheirmother.

SonnetonChillonisanItalianSonnet.Thisformisimportantbecauseconflictissettledattheend

oftheoctet.Aftersettinguptheconflictandparadox,andpresentingthemetaphoroflibertyasa

belovedmotherwhomustbebetrayedbyherchildreninorderfortyrannytotriumph,(hespeaker

endstheoctetsaying“Theircountryconquerswiththeirmartyrdom,Andfreedom'sfamefinds

wingsoneverywind."(7/8).Tyranny,bylockingupliberty'ssonsin“dampvaults"(6)succeeds

onlyincreatingmartyrswhoseexampleinspiresthepeople,leading(otheirdownfall.

TherhymeschemeintheoctetfollowsthepatternofatypicalItalianSonnet,A,B,B,A,B,

C,C,B.Thefirstquatrainusesauditoryrhymes"Mind!"(1)and"bind"(4),“art”

(2)and"heart"(3).Thesecondquatrainthough,isallsiterhymes,uconsignedw(5)and

"wind"(8),"gloom"(6)and"martyrdom"(7).Thisauditorydissonanceforcesthe

readertoslowdownbybreakingtherhythmofofthepoem,makingthereaderthinkmore

aboutthespeaker'smessageandacknowledgetheseriousnessofthespeakersintent.

Afterplacingthereaderinapositionoffinality,withtheconflictalreadyresolvedandthe

speakersviewsmadeclear,theuseoftheItalianFormallowsthespeakertocontinuc.Thcsextet

begins,“Chillon!”(9).Theexclamationgrabsthereadersadenlion,tellinghim(hatthespeaker

hasmoretosay;"...thyprisonisaholyplace"(9).Afterusingtheoctettoillustratewhatcould

beahypotheticalsituationoftyrannicaloppression,thespeakerdeclaresboldlyasthepoemgoes

onthatthesituationisreal,describingtheprisonasa“holyplaceM(9)whose“altar”(10)

wasconsecratedbythe“steps”(11)thatulefta(race...asifthycoldpavementwereasod,“

(11/12).Thereadernowknowsthattheprisonisreal,andthatthemartyrisrealandhasbeen

imprisonedsolongastowearthroughstonebywalkinguponit'ssurfacc.Thcspeakerthennames

hismartyr;"...Bonnivard!”(13).

Thesextetfollowsassimplerhymescheme,I),E,I),E,D,Ewithallrhymesbeingauditory

“place”(9)“trace”(11)“efface“(13)and“trod”(10)“sod”(12)“God”(14).The

straightforwardrhymescheme,combinedwiththeexclamationpointsatthebeginningof

lines9,13and14givethesextetaquickrisingrhythmthatcreatesexcitement,enticingthe

readertothespeakerscause.Thespeakerendswith“Fortheyappeal!Fromtyrannyto

God.”(14),haltingtherisingrhythmatahighplaceandpurposelyendingboththepoem

andhisappealtothereaderwithanappealtoGod.Thespeakerleavesthereaderswayedto

hiscause,ifnotbytherisingferventpaceofthesextet,thenbyappealtoahigher

metaphysicalauthority.

SheWalksinBeauty(Book2P27)

Shewalksinbeauty,likethenight她走在美的光影里，如夜空一般,

Ofcloudlessclimesandstarryskies;皎洁无云，星光灿烂，

Andallthat'sbestofdarkandbright白昼黑夜的色泽精粹，

Meetinheraspectandhereyes:在她的玉容秋波里交汇，

Thusmellowedtothattenderlight凝爱成一片柔雅情调，

Whichheaventogaudydaydenies.浓艳的白昼也无法从上苍得到。

2

Oneshadethemore,oneraytheless,多一道阴影，少一抹光晕，

Hadhalfimpairedthenamelessgrace都会令她失却难言的风韵，

Whichwavesineveryraventress,美涌动于她的每一缕秀发，

Orsoftlylightenso'erherface;温柔地映照着她的脸颊，

Wherethoughtsserenelysweetexpress甜蜜而安详的思绪在表达，

Howpure,howdeartheirdwellingplace.哦，那思想的寓所纯洁而高雅。

3

Andonthatcheek,ando'erthatbrow,那面容，那眉宇，

Sosoft,socalm,yeteloquent,温柔，安详，似蕴涵千言万语，

Thesmilesthatwin,thetintsthatglow,那醉人的微笑，那生辉的容颜，

Buttellofdaysingoodnessspent,诉说着她在温馨中度过的芳年，

Amindatpeacewithallbelow,宁静的心境能容下人间万象,

Aheartwhoseloveisinnocent!圣洁的心灵里珍藏着爱的琼浆。

ThepoemwasinspiredbyactualeventsinByron'slife.OncewhileataballByronhappened

uponabeautifulwoman,hiscousin'swife,asshewalkedby.Itisanarrativepoemthatdescribes

thewomanofmuchbeautyandelegance.

StanzaOne

Inthefirststanzaofthepoem,we'reintroduced(othewomanthespeakeriswritingabout,ardare

givenadescriptionofthewaysshe'sbcautiful.Thepoemitselfisanextendeddescriptionofthat

beauty(acommonRomanticpractice),buti(isinthisfirsts:anzathatwe'regiventhetermsofher

beauty.Justwhatisitaboutthiswomanthathasmovedthespeakertowriteabouther?

First,let'slookattheimagerythespeakerassociatesherwith.Inthefirsttwolines,welearnthat

shewalksinbeauty,likethenight/Ofcloudlessclimesandstarryskies'Thatshe's

associatedwithanightskyissignificant.ForRomantics,tlicmeasureofathing'sbeautyisits

nearnesstonature.Shecertainlyisnearit-sheeven,asthespeakertellsus,hasitssamewayof

walking.

Asthestanzacontinues,weseeitgoesfurtherthan(hat,though.Notonlyisthewomannearnatur