经典职称英语补全对话

前S

•职称英语等级考试介绍

全国专'业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由国家人力资源和社会保障部专业技术人员管理司组织实

施的一项外语考试，它根据英语在不同专业领域活动的应用特点，结合专业技术人员掌握和应用英语的

实际情况，对申报不同级别职称的专业技术人员的英语水平提出了不同的要求。考试共分三个专业类别：

综合类、理工类、卫生类。每个专业类别的考试各分A、B、C三个等级。A、B、C三个等级考试的总

分各为100分，考试时间均为2小时。每个等级的考试各由6个部分组成，每个级别的考试题型一样、

题量相同，但不同级别考试总的阅读量及难易程度不同。考试主要考查应试者理解书面英语的能力。

1.考试内容及试卷结构如下:

题型材料内容答题要求题量分值

给出15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底

词汇选项

第一部分15个句子横线，要求应试者从所给的4个选项中选择1个与划1515

（四选一）

线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

阅读判断1篇短文给出7句话，要求应试者根据文章内容做出判断（正、

第二部分77

（三选一）(300〜450词.误、没有直接或间接提到.。

概括大意与分两部分：

1篇短文

第三部分完成句子1.概括大意（6选4.；88

(300〜450词.

（选择搭配）.2.完成句子（6选4.。

阅读理解3篇短文（各每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项，要求

第四部分1545

（四选一）300~450词.应试者从中选择1个最佳答案。

1篇短文

补全短文短文中有5处空白，要求应试者通读短文并将移出的

第五部分(300~450510

（选择搭配.部分重新放回短文的相应位置（6选5.。

词.

完形填空1篇短文短文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，要求应

第六部分1515

（四选一）(300〜450词.试者从中选出1个最佳答案。

2.考试要求学员:

级别阅读任务量词汇量语法阅读理解能力

1.考试不直接对应试者所掌握的语法知1.掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；

3000词左右6000个左右的单词

A识进行考查，但应试者必须掌握基本2.了解阐述主旨的事实和细节；

阅读任务和一定数量的短语

的语法知识，主要包括：3.利用上下文猜测某些词汇和短语的

2600词左右5000个左右的单词2.英语句子的基本语序及其意义；意义：

B

阅读任务和一定数量的短语3.英语句子的结构和常用句型；4.既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下

4.各种时、体的形式及其意义；文之间的意义关系；

2200词左右4000个左右的单词

C5.各种从句的构成及其意义；5.根据所读材料进行判断和推论；

阅读任务和•定数量的短语

6.句子中词语的所指、省略、替代、重6.领会作者的观点、意图和态度。

复，以及句子之间的意义关系等。

3.职称英语考试词典的要求：

职称英语考试是闭卷考，但允许考生携带词典进入考场。关于词典，国家有明确的规定，以下词典

不允许带入考场：

(1)有职称字样的词典不要带入考场；

(2)针对职称英语考试编写的词典不能带入考场；

(3)电子出版物，即电子词典不能带入考场。

其它的词典国家没有明确的规定。因此建议尽量选择具备同义词、收词量相对较大的词典。

提示：报名参加VIP保过班、豪华保过班的学员不要着急自购词典，我们会为您免费赠送纸质词

典一本，通过快递方式邮寄。

•讲义使用说明

强化班讲义的编写主要依据职称英语考试国家指定教材。授课老师会针对不同类别的文章内容进行

全面系统的精讲，授课同时融合了老师对每个题型自己多年总结和积累的解题技巧和方法等，酗学员

在对教材中的重点文章有一个全面而深入了解的同时，提高综合分析和解题能力。通过强化班的学习，

使学员对国家指定教材中的内容有一定的了解和记忆,且能在短时间内帮助学员得到综合阅读能力上的

快速提高，为学员顺利通过考试、进行冲刺阶段的巩固学习打下坚实的基础。

目录

第四部分补全短文...................................................................293

WhatWeTakefromAndGivetotheSea...................................................................................................293

TeamworkinTourism...................................................................................................................................293

“HappyBirthdaytoYou”.............................................................................................................................294

TheFirstFourMinutes.................................................................................................................................295

FinancialRisks...............................................................................................................................................296

MobilePhones.................................................................................................................................................297

TheWorld'sLongestBridge.........................................................................................................................297

ObesityCausesGlobalWarming.................................................................................................................298

TheValueofMotherhood.............................................................................................................................299

LudwigVanBeethoven..................................................................................................................................300

EinsteinNamed“PersonofCentury”.........................................................................................................300

ReinventingtheTable....................................................................................................................................301

Don'tRelyonPlanktontoSavethePlanet................................................................................................302

DungtoDeath.................................................................................................................................................302

RoboticHighwayCones................................................................................................................................303

TheArcticIceisThawing.............................................................................................................................304

Bedwetting.......................................................................................................................................................305

WhatMakesMetheWeightIAm?.............................................................................................................305

HowOneSimpleMovementCanLetSliptheSecretsoftheMind......................................................306

WhyDoPeoplesShrink?..............................................................................................................................307

Leukemia..........................................................................................................................................................307

WhatIsInsulin-dependentDiabetes?.........................................................................................................308

WeightWorriesMayStartEarlyforSlimWomen...................................................................................309

DeathControl.................................................................................................................................................310

PublicRelations..............................................................................................................................................310

TheDollarinWorldMarkets.......................................................................................................................311

ResearchShowsWalkingCanLiftDepression.........................................................................................312

TuberculosisKills1,000PeopleaDayinAsia..........................................................................................313

UncooperativePatientsNeedPsychologicalTherapy..............................................................................313

LookingtotheFuture....................................................................................................................................314

TestsShowWomenSuitedforSpaceTravel..............................................................................................315

AgitatedSunspotCauseTrouble.................................................................................................................315

WatchingMicrocurrentsFlow.....................................................................................................................316

AntsasaBarometerofEcologicalChange................................................................................................317

Stonehenge.......................................................................................................................................................318

SleepingGiant.................................................................................................................................................319

HighDive.........................................................................................................................................................319

CropCircleMysteries...................................................................................................................................320

ChestCompressions:MostImportantofCPR..........................................................................................321

U.S.,EuropeanDrugOfficialsApproveInhaledInsulin.........................................................................322

MoreEffortsUrgedtoEmpowerWomenatAIDSConference............................................................322

TheMagicofSound.......................................................................................................................................323

TimeintheAnimalWorld............................................................................................................................324

VirtualDriver.................................................................................................................................................325

补全短文参考答案....................................................................325

第四部分补全短文

阅读下面的短文，每一篇中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章内容选择5组文字，将

其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

WhatWeTakefromAndGivetotheSea

Aslongaswehavebeenonearth,wehaveusedtheseaaroundus.Wetakefromtheocean,andwegive

toit.

Wetakefishesfromtheocean-millionsofkilograms,offish,everyyear,tofeedmillionsofpeople.

(1)Wetakemineralsfromtheocean.Onewaytogetsaltistoplaceseawaterinashallowbasin

andleaveituntilitevaporates.(2)Muchgoldandsilverdriftdissolvedinthewatersofthesea,

too1.Buttheseadoesnot*givethemupbysimpleevaporation.Othergiftsfromtheseaarepearls,spongesand

seaweed.Pearlsbecomejewelry.___(3)___Seaweedbecomesfoodofmanykinds-evencandy,andicecream

-aswellasmedicine.Believeitornot,freshwaterisanothergiftfromthesea.Wecannotdrinkoceanwater.

___(4)____Butoceanwaterbecomesfreshwater,whenthesaltsareremoved.Inthefuture,wewillfind

ourselvesdependingmoreandmoreonfreshwaterfromthesea.

TheSeagivesusfood,fertilizer,minerals,water,andothergifts.Whatdowegivethesea?Garbage.___

(5)Hugeasitis,theoceancannotholdallthewaterthatwepourintoit.Dumpinggarbageintotheocean

iskillingoffsealife".Yetastheworldpopulationgrows,wemayneedtheseaanditsgiftsmorethanever.

Wearefinallylearningthatifwedestroyourseas,wemightalsodestroyourselves.Hopefully,itisnot

toolate.

A.Naturalspongesbecomecleaningaids.

B.Wepollutetheoceanwhenweuseitasagarbagedump.

C.Theareaoftheseaisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.

D.Alongwithsalt,othermineralsareleftafterevaporation.

E.Weevenusetheirbonesforfertilizer.

F.Someofitscontentsmaycauseillness.

TeamworkinTourism

Growingcooperationamongbranchesoftourismhasprovedvaluabletoallconcerned.Government

bureaus,tradeandtravelassociations,carriersandpropertiesareallworkingtogethertobringaboutoptimum

conditionsfortravelers.

_(1)—.Theyhaveknowledgeofallareasandallcarrierservices,andtheyareexpertsinorganizing

differenttypesoftoursandinpreparingeffectiveadvertisingcampaigns.Theydistributematerialstoagencies,

suchasjournals,brochuresandadvertisingprojects.(2)—.

Touristcounselorsgivevaluableseminarstoacquaintagentswithnewprogramsandtechniquesinselling.

-3)_

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Propertiesandagenciesworkcloselytogethertomakethemostsuitablecontracts,consideringboththe

comfortoftheclientsandtheirownprofitablefinancialarrangement.—(4)___

___(5)___.Carriersaredependentuponagenciestosupplypassengers,andagenciesaredependentupon

carrierstopresentthemwithmarketabletours.Allservicesmustworktogetherforgreaterefficiency,fair

pricingandcontentedcustomers.

A.Thesameconfidenceexistsbetweenagenciesandcarriers,includingcar-rentalandsigh-seeingservices.

B.Theyofferfamiliarizationandworkshoptourssothatinashorttimeagentscanobtainfirst-hand

knowledgeofthetours.

C.Traveloperators,specialistsinthefieldofplanning,sponsorextensiveresearchprograms.

D.Asaresultofteamwork,tourismisflouringinallcountries.

E.Agenciesrelyuponthegoodservicesofhotels,and,conversely,hotelsrelyuponagencies,tofulfilltheir

contractsandtosendthemclients.

F.Inthiswayagentslearntoexplaindestinationsandtosuggestdifferentmodesandcombinationsof

travel—planes,ships,trains,motorcoaches,car-rentals,andevencarpurchases.

“HappyBirthdaytoYou”

ThemainproblemindiscussingAmericanpopularcultureisalsooneofitsmaincharacteristics:itwon't

stayAmerican.Nomatterwhatitis,whetheritisfilms,foodandfashion,music,casualsportsorslang,it's

soonathomeelsewhereintheworld.ThereareseveraltheorieswhyAmericanpopularculturehashadthis

appeal.

Onetheoryisthatithasbeen“advertised"andmarketedthroughAmericanfilms,popularmusic,and

morerecently,television.(1)____Theyare,afterall,incompetitionwiththoseproducedbyother

countries.

Anothertheory,probablyamorecommonone,isthatAmericanpopularcultureisinternationally

associatedwithsomethingcalled“thespiritofAmerica.^^(2)

Thefinaltheoryislesscomplex:Americanpopularcultureispopularbecausealolofpeopleintheworld

likeit.

Regardlessofwhyitspread,Americanpopularcultureisusuallyquiterapidlyadoptedandthenadapted

inmanyothercountries.(3)"HappyBirthdaytoYouJforinstance,issuchaneverydaysongthatits

source,itsAmericancopyright,sotospeak,isnotremembered.Blackleatherjacketswornbymanyheroesin

Americanmoviescouldbefound,agenerationlater,onallthoseyoungmenwhowantedtomakethis

manly-looktheirown.

Twoareaswherethiscontinuingprocessismostclearlyseenareclothingandmusic.Somepeoplecan

stillrememberatimewhenT-shirts,joggingclothes,tennisshoes,denimjackets,andbluejeanswerenot

commondailyweareverywhere.Onlytwentyyearsago,itwaspossibletospotanAmericaninParisbyhisor

herclothes.Nolongerso:thosebringcolors,checkeredjacketsandtrousers,hatsandsockswhichwereonce

madefunofincartoonsarebackagaininParisasthelatestfashion.(4)

ThesituationwithAmericanpopularmusicismorecomplexbecauseinthebeginning,whenitwasstill

294职称英语通过率居全国第一

clearlyAmerican,itwasoftenstronglyresisted.Jazzwasoncethoughttobeagreatdangertoyouthandtheir

morals,andwasactuallyoutlawedinseveralcountries.Today,whilestillsblowingitsratherAmericanroots,it

hasbecomesowellestablished.Rock'n'rollanditsvariations,country&westernmusic,allhavemoreorless

similarhistories.Theywerefirstresisted,ofteninAmericaaswell,asbeing“low-class,“andthenas“adanger

toournation'syouth.“(5)Andthenthemusicbecameacceptedandwasextendedanddeveloped,

andexportedbacktotheU.S.

AAsaresult,itsAmericanoriginsandrootsareoftenquicklyforgotten.

BButthistheoryfailstoexplainwhyAmericanfilms,music,andtelevisionprogramsaresopopularin

themselves.

CAmericaninorigin,informalclothinghasbecometheworld'sfirsttrulyuniversalstyle.

DTheBBC,forexample,bannedrockandrolluntil1962.

EAmericanfoodhasbecomepopulararoundtheworldtoo.

FThisspiritisvariouslydescribedasbeingyoungandfree,optimisticandconfident,informaland

disrespectful.

TheFirstFourMinutes

Whendopeopledecidewhetherornottheywanttobecomefriends?Duringtheirfirstfourminutes

together,accordingtoabookbyDr.LeonardZunin.Inhisbook,"'Contact:Thefirstfourminutes"，heoffers

thisadvicetoanyoneinterestedinstartingnewfriendships:44___(1)___.Alotofpeople'swholeliveswould

changeiftheydidjustthat.”

Youmayhavenoticedthattheaveragepersondoesnotgivehisundividedattentiontosomeonehehas

justmet.___(2)___.Ifanyonehaseverdonethistoyou,youprobablydidnotlikehimverymuch.Whenwe

areintroducedtonewpeople,theauthorsuggests,weshouldtrytoappearfriendlyandself-confident.In

general,hesays,“Peoplelikepeoplewholikethemselves.,,

Ontheotherhand,weshouldnotmaketheotherpersonthinkwearetoosureofourselves.Itisimportant

toappearinterestedandsympathetic,realizingthattheotherpersonhashisownneeds,fears,andhopes.

Hearingsuchadvice,onemightsay,"ButI'mnotafriendly,self-confidentperson.That'snotmynature.

Itwouldbedishonestformetothatway.”

___(3)___.Wecanbecomeaccustomedtoanychangeswechoosetomakeinourpersonality.<4Itislike

gettingusedtoanewcar.Itmaybeunfamiliaratfirst,butitgoesmuchbetterthantheoldone.^^

Butisn'titdishonesttogivetheappearanceoffriendlyself-confidencewhenwedon'tactuallyfeelthat

way?Perhaps,butaccordingtoDr.Zunin,“totalhonesty^^isnotalwaysgoodforsocialrelationships,

especiallyduringthefirstfewminutesofcontact.Thereisatimeforeverything,andacertainamountof

play-actingmaybebestforthefirstfewminutesofcontactwithastranger.Thatisnotthetimetocomplain

aboutone'shealthortomentionfaultsonefindsinotherpeople.Itisnotthetimetotellthewholetruthabout

one'sopinionsandimpressions.

____(4)___.Forahusbandandwifeoraparentandchild,problemsoftenariseduringtheirfirstfour

minutestogetheraftertheyhavebeenapart.Dr.Zuninsuggeststhatthesefirstfewminutestogetherbetreated

职称英语通过率居全国第一295

withcare.Ifthereareunpleasantmatterstobediscussed,theyshouldbedealtwithlater.

Theauthorsaysthatinterpersonalrelationsshouldbetaughtasarequiredcourseineveryschool,along

withreading,writing,andmathematics.___(5)___.Thatisatleastasimportantashowmuchweknow.

A.Inreply.Dr.Zuninwouldclaimthatalittlepracticecanhelpusfieelcomfortableaboutchangingour

socialhabits

B.Muchofwhathasbeensaidaboutstrangersalsoappliestorelationshipswithfamilymembersand

friends.

C.Inhisopinion,successinlifedependsmainlyonhowwegetalongwithotherpeople.

D.Everytimeyoumeetsomeoneinasocialsituation,givehimyourundividedattentionforfourminutes.

E.Hekeepslookingovertheotherperson'sshoulder,asifhopingtofindsomeonemoreinterestingin

anotherpartoftheroom.

F.Heiseagertomakefriendswitheveryone.

FinancialRisks

Severaltypesoffinancialriskareencounteredininternationalmarketing;themajorproblemsinclude

commercial,political,andforeignexchangerisk.

___(1)___.Theyincludesolvency,default,orrefusaltopaybills.Themajorrisk,however,is

competitionwhichcanonlybedealtwiththroughconsistentlyeffectivemanagementandmarketing.___(2)

___.Suchriskisencounteredwhenacontroversyarisesaboutthequalityofgoodsdelivered,adisputeover

contractterms,oranyotherdisagreementoverwhichpaymentiswithheld.Onecompany,forexample,

shippedseveralhundredtonsofdehydratedpotatoestoadistributorinGermany.___(3)___.Thealternatives

fortheexporterwerereducingtheprice,resellingthepotatoes,orshippingthemhomeagain,eachinvolving

considerablecost.

Politicalriskrelatestotheproblemsofwarorrevolution,currencyinconvertibility,expropriationor

expulsion,andrestrictionorcancellationofimportlicenses.___(4)____.Managementinformationsystems

andeffectivedecision-makingprocessesarethebestdefensesagainstpoliticalrisk.Asmanycompanieshave

discovered,sometimesthereisnowaytoavoidpoliticalrisk,somarketersmustbepreparedtoassumethemor

giveupdoingbusinessinparticularmarket.

Exchange-ratefluctuationsinevitablycauseproblems,butformanyyears,mostfirmscouldtake

protectiveactiontominimizetheirunfavorableeffects.___(5)___.InternationalBusinessMachine

Corporation,forexample,reportedthatexchangelossesresultedinadramatic21.6percentdropintheir

earningsinthethirdquarterof1981.Beforerateswerepermittedtofloat,devaluationsofmajorcurrencies

wereinfrequentandusuallycouldbeanticipated,butexchange-ratefluctuationsinthefloatsystemaredaily

affairs.

A.Politicalriskisanenvironmentalconcernforallbusinesses.

B.Oneuniqueriskencounteredbytheinternationalmarketerinvolvesfinancialadjustments.

C.Commercialrisksarehandledessentiallyasnormalcreditrisksencounteredinday-to-daybusiness.

D.Thedistributortestedtheshipmentanddeclaredittobebelowacceptabletasteandtexturestandards.

296职称英语通过率居全国第一

E.Floatingexchangeratesoftheworld'smajorcurrencieshaveforcedallmarketerstobeespeciallyaware

ofexchange-ratefluctuationsandtheneedtocompensateforthemintheirfinancialplanning.

F.Manyinternationalmarketersgobankrupteachyearbecauseofexchange-ratefluctuation.

MobilePhones

Mobilephonesshouldcarryalabeliftheyprovedtobeadangeroussourceofradiation,accordingtoRobert

Bell,ascientist.Andnomoremobilephonetransmittertowersshouldbebuilduntilthelong-termhealtheffects

oftheelectromagneticradiationtheyemitisscientificallyevaluated,hesaid,"Nobody'sgoingtodropdead

overnightbutweshouldbeaskingformorescientificinformation,^RobertBellsaidataconferenceonthehealth

effectsoflow-levelradiation.___(1)___

Areportwidelycirculatedamongthepublicsaysthatuptonowscientistsdonotreallyknowenoughto

guaranteetherearenoilleffectsonhumansfromelectromagneticradiation.AccordingtoRobertBell,thereare3.

3millionmobilephonesinAustraliaaloneandtheyareincreasingby2,000aday.___(2)___

Aswell,thereare2,000transmittertowersaroundAustralia,manyinhighdensityresidentialareas.___(3)

___Theelectromagneticradiationemittedfromthesetowersmayhavealreadyproducedsomeharmfuleffectson

thehealthoftheresidentsnearby.

RobertBellsuggeststhatuntilmoreresearchiscompletedtheGovernmentshouldbanconstructionof

phonetowersfromwithina500metreradiusofschoolgrounds,childcarecentres,hospitals,sportsplayingfields

andresidentialareaswithahighpercentageofchildren.

(4)Headdsthatthereisalsoevidencethatifcancersufferersaresubjectedtoelectromagnetic

wavesthegrowthrateofthediseaseaccelerates.

(5)AccordingtoRobertBell,itisreasonableforthemajortelephonecompaniestofundit.

Besides,healsourgestheGovernmenttosetupawideranginginquiryintopossiblehealtheffects.

A.Hesaysthereisemergingevidencethatchildrenabsorblow-levelradiationataratemorethanthreetimes

thatofadults.

B.Bytheyear2000itisestimatedthatAustraliawillhave8millionmobilephones:,nearlyoneforeverytwo

people

C.”Ifmobilephonesarefoundtobedangerous,theyshouldcarryawarninglabeluntilpropershieldscanbe

devised,Mhesaid.

D.Thenwhofinancestheresearch?

E.Forexample,Telstra,OptusandVbdaphonebuildtheirtowerswhereitisgeographicallysuitabletothem

anddisregardtheneedofthecommunity.

F.Theconclusionisthatmobilephonesbringsmoreharmthanbenefit.

TheWorld'sLongestBridge

Rumorhasitthatalegendarysix-headedmonsterlurksinthedeepwatersoftheTyrhenianSeabetween

ItalyandtheislandofSicily.(1)Whencompletedin2010.theworld'slongestbridgewillweight

nearly300,000tons-equivalenttotheicebergthatsanktheTitanic—andstretch5kilmeterslong.‘That's

职称英语通过率居全国第一297

nearly50percentlongerthananyotherbridgeeverbuilt；'saysstructuralengineerShaneRixon.

(2)____They'res