2026年江苏省人教版七年级英语下册第10单元词汇运用专项题库

2026年江苏省人教版七年级英语下册第10单元词汇运用专项题库一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.Mr.Smithoftenaskshisstudentsto______booksinthelibrarytoimprovetheirreadingskills.A.borrowB.lendC.returnD.write解析：本题考查动词辨析。borrow意为“借入”，lend意为“借出”，return意为“归还”，write意为“写”。根据句意“史密斯先生经常让学生在图书馆借书以提升阅读能力”，应选A。B项与句意相反，C项动作发生在借书之后，D项与语境无关。干扰项设计上，lend易与borrow混淆，return易与借书场景脱节，write则完全偏离语境。2.Thegirl______totheteacherandsaidshewantedtojointheschooldebateteam.A.spokeloudlyB.whisperedsoftlyC.shoutedloudlyD.talkedquietly解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。spokeloudly意为“大声说话”，whisperedsoftly意为“小声耳语”，shoutedloudly意为“大喊大叫”，talkedquietly意为“轻声交谈”。根据“对老师说话”的语境，whisperedsoftly最符合礼貌场景，故选B。A、C两项过于喧哗，D项虽轻声但未强调“耳语”的亲密性，均不如B项贴切。3.Mybrother______anewbikeforhisbirthdaylastmonth,andheisveryhappywithit.A.boughtB.soldC.repairedD.borrowed解析：本题考查动词与语境匹配。bought意为“购买”，sold意为“出售”，repaired意为“修理”，borrowed意为“借入”。根据“生日收到新自行车”的背景，bought是唯一合理选项。B项与赠送场景矛盾，C项无自行车损坏前提，D项为临时性借用，均不符合语境。干扰项设计上，sold易与赠送混淆，repaired与物品状态无关，borrowed则暗示临时性。4.Thestudents______theirhomeworkbeforetheclassstartedthismorning.A.finishedB.beganC.forgotD.started解析：本题考查动词与时间状语的逻辑关系。finished意为“完成”，began意为“开始”，forgot意为“忘记”，started意为“开始”。根据“上课前完成”的顺序，finished最符合逻辑。B、D两项虽有关联但无完成意味，C项与时间状语矛盾，均不符合语境。干扰项设计上，began与started易混淆动作起点，forgot则与时间状语冲突。5.Mrs.Greenaskedthechildrento______theirtoysandkeeptheroomtidy.A.cleanB.washC.putawayD.throwaway解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。clean意为“打扫”，wash意为“洗”，putaway意为“收好”，throwaway意为“扔掉”。根据“保持房间整洁”的要求，putaway最符合指令。A项仅清洁不整理，B项针对可洗物品，D项与整洁目标相反，均不符合语境。干扰项设计上，clean易与tidy混淆，wash与玩具无关，throwaway则完全违背指令。6.Theboy______alettertohispenpalinEnglandyesterday.A.wroteB.readC.sentD.received解析：本题考查动词与语境匹配。wrote意为“写”，read意为“读”，sent意为“寄送”，received意为“收到”。根据“给英国笔友写信”的背景，sent是唯一合理选项。A项为写信动作但未完成传递，B项为阅读行为，D项为接收动作，均不符合语境。干扰项设计上，wrote易与sent混淆动作本身，read与写信无关，received则暗示被动接收。7.Theteachertoldthestudentsto______theirhandsandlistencarefullytothelesson.A.crossB.raiseC.clapD.shake解析：本题考查动词与指令的匹配。cross意为“交叉”，raise意为“举起”，clap意为“鼓掌”，shake意为“摇动”。根据“认真听课”的指令，raisehands是标准课堂行为，故选B。A项与听课无关，C项与指令矛盾，D项无举手动作，均不符合语境。干扰项设计上，cross与shake易混淆肢体动作，clap与指令无关。8.Mysister______meabeautifulbirthdaygiftlastweek,andIwasverysurprised.A.boughtforB.madeforC.senttoD.gaveto解析：本题考查动词与赠送行为的匹配。boughtfor意为“为...购买”，madefor意为“为...制作”，sentto意为“寄往”，gaveto意为“送给”。根据“送给我生日礼物”的语境，gaveto最符合直接赠送，故选D。A项强调购买行为，B项强调制作过程，C项强调寄送方式，均不如D项直接。干扰项设计上，boughtfor易与gaveto混淆购买行为，madefor与礼物来源无关，sentto则暗示远程赠送。9.Thestudents______alotofquestionsaboutthenewrulesinclasstoday.A.askedB.toldC.spokeD.said解析：本题考查动词与提问行为的匹配。asked意为“问”，told意为“告诉”，spoke意为“说话”，said意为“说”。根据“关于新规则提问”的语境，asked是唯一合理选项。B、C、D三项均无提问含义，均不符合语境。干扰项设计上，told与spoke易混淆告知行为，said则无提问功能。10.Theboy______hislegsunderthetablewhenhesatdownquietly.A.crossedB.stretchedC.kickedD.broke解析：本题考查动词与动作的匹配。crossed意为“交叉”，stretched意为“伸展”，kicked意为“踢”，broke意为“打破”。根据“安静坐下时”的描述，crossedlegs是常见行为，故选A。B项与安静矛盾，C项易造成干扰，D项与场景无关，均不符合语境。干扰项设计上，stretched易与crossed混淆放松姿态，kicked则暗示无意识动作，broke则完全偏离场景。二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）1.Thegirl______(write)alettertohergrandmothereverySundaytotellheraboutherlife.解析：本题考查一般现在时第三人称单数形式。根据主语“thegirl”和“everySunday”的固定时间状语，动词需用第三人称单数形式，write→writes。2.Myfatheroften______(go)tothegymafterworktostayfit,buthedidn’tgoyesterdaybecausehewastired.解析：本题考查一般现在时与一般过去时的综合运用。前半句“经常去”用一般现在时goes，后半句“昨天没去”用一般过去时didn’tgo。3.Thestudents______(clean)theclassroomeverymorningbeforeschoolstarts,andtheyalwaysdoitcarefully.解析：本题考查一般现在时复数形式。主语“thestudents”是复数，动词用clean。4.Mrs.Leeaskedthestudents______(open)thewindowstoletfreshairin,buttheyforgottodoit.解析：本题考查动词不定式。asksb.todosth.结构中，to后需接动词原形open。5.Theboy______(play)thepianoverywellwhenhewasyoung,buthedoesn’tpracticemuchanymore.解析：本题考查一般过去时与一般现在时的对比。前半句“年轻时弹得好”用一般过去时played，后半句“现在不练习”用一般现在时doesn’tpractice。6.Mysister______(cook)dinnerforthefamilyeverynight,andshealwaysmakesdeliciousmeals.解析：本题考查一般现在时第三人称单数形式。主语“mysister”是第三人称单数，动词用cooks。7.Theteachertoldthestudents______(be)quietduringtheexam,butsomeofthemwerestilltalking.解析：本题考查动词不定式。tellsb.todosth.结构中，to后需接动词原形be。8.Thechildren______(watch)cartoonsonTVeveryeveningaftertheyfinishtheirhomework.解析：本题考查一般现在时第三人称单数形式。主语“thechildren”是复数，但每个孩子都watch，动词用watch。9.Mymotheraskedme______(help)hercarrythegroceriesinside,andIwashappytodoit.解析：本题考查动词不定式。asksb.todosth.结构中，to后需接动词原形help。10.Thestudents______(learn)Englishintheclassroomeveryday,andtheyaremakingprogress.解析：本题考查一般现在时复数形式。主语“thestudents”是复数，动词用learn。三、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.Thegirlboughtanewbookforherbestfriend’sbirthdaylastweek.(√)解析：buysth.forsb.意为“为某人买某物”，符合语境。2.Mybrotherrepairedthebrokenchairinthelivingroomyesterday.(×)解析：repaired需有损坏前提，且动词不适用于椅子。应改为fixed。3.Thestudentsforgottocleantheclassroombeforetheteachercame.(√)解析：forgottodosth.意为“忘记做某事”，符合语境。4.Mrs.Greenaskedthechildrentoraisetheirhandsandlistenquietly.(√)解析：raisehands是固定搭配，符合课堂指令。5.TheboywrotealettertohispenpalinCanadalastmonth.(√)解析：wrotealettertosb.意为“给某人写信”，符合语境。6.Mysistersentmeabeautifulbirthdaygiftlastweek,andIwasveryhappy.(√)解析：sentagifttosb.意为“送给某人礼物”，符合语境。7.Thestudentsbegantheirhomeworkaftertheclassstartedthismorning.(×)解析：began需与时间状语匹配，应改为finished。8.Mrs.Leeaskedthechildrentoputawaytheirtoysandkeeptheroomtidy.(√)解析：putaway是固定搭配，符合指令。9.Theboyreceivedanewbikeforhisbirthdaylastmonth,andheisveryhappy.(√)解析：receivedagift意为“收到礼物”，符合语境。10.Thestudentsspokeloudlyinthelibraryyesterday,butthelibrariantoldthemtobequiet.(×)解析：spokeloudly与图书馆场景矛盾，应改为whisperedsoftly。四、简答题（每题2分，共16分）1.Describetheactionof"raisinghands"inaclassroomsetting.解析：raisinghands意为“举手”，是学生在课堂上表达发言意愿或回应老师提问的标准动作。通常用于礼貌发言、回答问题或表示同意/不同意。2.Explainthedifferencebetween"borrow"and"lend."解析：borrow意为“借入”，指从他人处暂时拿取物品并承诺归还，如borrowabookfromthelibrary。lend意为“借出”，指将物品暂时给他人使用，如lendmeyourpen。两者是相对动作。3.Whatdoes"putaway"meaninthecontextoftoys?解析：putawaytoys意为“收好玩具”，指将玩具从公共区域（如客厅）移至存放处（如玩具箱），以保持环境整洁。4.Howcan"write"and"send"beusedtogetherinasentence?解析：writealetterandsendittosb.意为“写一封信并寄给某人”，表示从写信到传递的完整过程。5.Whyis"clean"importantinmaintainingaclassroom?解析：cleaningtheclassroomhelpsremovedirt,dust,andgerms,creatingahealthyandcomfortablelearningenvironmentforstudents.6.Describeasituationwhere"forget"mightbeused.解析：如astudentforgottodohomework，表示学生忘记完成作业，常发生在日常学习场景中。7.Whatisthepurposeof"start"inthesentence"Thestudentsstartedtheirhomeworkearly"?解析：start在此句中意为“开始”，表示学生从某个时间点着手做作业，强调动作的启动。8.Howcan"tell"beusedtogiveinstructions?解析：tellsb.todosth.意为“告诉某人做某事”，如Theteachertoldustobequiet，是课堂管理中常见的指令方式。五、应用题（每题4分，共24分）1.Writeashortparagraph(5sentences)aboutyourdailyroutineafterschool.Includeatleastthreeverbsfromthe10thunit.Sampleanswer:Afterschool,Iusuallygohomeandputawaymybooks.ThenIhelpmymomwithdinner.Intheevening,IwatchacartoononTV.SometimesIwritealettertomypenpal.Beforebed,Icleanmyroomtokeepittidy.2.Createadialoguebetweentwostudentsaboutborrowingabook.StudentA:Hi,Lily.DoyouhavetheEnglishbookIborrowedlastweek?StudentB:Yes,Ido.Ifinishedreadingitandreturnedittothelibrary.Wouldyoulikemetolendittoyouagain?StudentA:That’sgreat!Thankyousomuch.StudentB:You’rewelcome.I’llbringittoschooltomorrow.3.Describeascenewherestudentscleantheclassroom.Sampleanswer:Thismorning,thestudentscleanedtheclassroomtogether.Somesweptthefloor,otherswipedthedesks,andafewputawaythechairs.Theteacherpraisedthemfortheirhardwork.Theclassroomlookedverycleanandtidyaftertheyfinished.4.Writeasentenceusing"write,""send,"and"receive"insequence.Sampleanswer:Iwrotealettertomyfriend,sentitbymail,andreceivedareplylastweek.5.Imagineyouareateacher.Writetwoinstructionsforyourstudentsusing"raise"and"listen."Sampleanswer:6.Pleaseraiseyourhandsifyouwanttoanswerthequestion.7.ListenquietlywhileIexplainthenewrules.8.Createashortstory(4sentences)usingatleastthreedifferentverbsfromthe10thunit.Sampleanswer:Thegirlboughtagiftforhermother’sbirthday.Shewroteabeautifulcardtoexpressherlove.Hermotherwasveryhappywhenshereceivedthegift.Theyspenttheeveningtogetherwatchingamovie.六、案例分析（每题3分，共18分）1.Case:Astudentforgottocleantheclassroomaftertheparty.Question:Whatshouldthestudentdonexttime?Answer:Thestudentshouldwriteanotetotheteacherexplainingthesituationandpromisetocleanitlater.Nexttime,theyshouldsetaremindertocleanbeforeleaving.2.Case:Twostudentsarguedoverabook.Question:Howcantheysolvetheproblem?Answer:Theycanusethe"lend"system—taketurnsreadingthebookorborrowitfromthelibraryinsteadoffighting.3.Case:Ateacheraskedstudentsto"raise"theirhandsduringatest.Question:Wasthisagoodinstruction?Why?Answer:No,itwasnotgood.Raisinghandsduringatestwoulddisrupttheexam.Theteachershouldhaveaskedthemtowriteanswersinstead.4.Case:Astudent"sent"amessagetotheteacherusingthewrongemail.Question:Whatshouldthestudentdo?Answer:Thestudentshouldsendafollow-upemailwiththecorrectaddressandapologizeforthemistake.5.Case:Afamily"bought"anewcarbutforgotto"putaway"theoldone.Question:Whatproblemmightarise?Answer:Theoldcarcouldblockthedrivewayorattractthieves.Thefamilyshouldarrangetosellorstoreitproperly.6.Case:Astudent"received"agiftbutdidn’tthankthesender.Question:Whatshouldthestudentdo?Answer:Thestudentshouldwriteathank-younoteorsay"thankyou"inpersontoshowappreciation.七、论述题（每题4分，共32分）1.Discusstheimportanceof"cleaning"inaschoolenvironment.Sampleanswer:Cleaningisessentialinschoolsbecauseitpreventsillness(dustandgerms),createsapleasantatmosphere,andteachesstudentsresponsibility.Regularcleaningofclassrooms,restrooms,andplaygroundsensuresahealthylearningenvironment.2.Explainhow"borrowing"and"lending"canbuildfriendships.Sampleanswer:Borrowingandlendingrequiretrustandcommunication,whichstrengthenrelationships.Whenfriendslenditemswithouthesitation,itshowscare.Borrowerswhoreturnitemsontimedemonstratereliability.Theseactionsfostermutualrespectanddeepenfriendships.3.Describeasituationwhere"writing"aletterismoremeaningfulthan"sending"anemail.Sampleanswer:Writingaletterbyhandismoremeaningfulthansendinganemailbecauseitshowsmoreeffortandemotion.Thephysicaltouchofaletter,thehandwriting,andthetimespentcraftingthemessagemakeitmorepersonal.Emailsareoftenquickandcasual,lackingthedepthofahandwrittennote.4.Analyzetheroleof"raisinghands"inclassroommanagement.Sampleanswer:Raisinghandsensuresorderlyparticipation.Itgivesstudentsachancetopreparetheirthoughtsbeforespeaking.Italsorespectsothers’turnsandpreventschaos.Teacherscanuseittoassessunderstandingorencourageshystudentstojoindiscussions.5.Discussthebenefitsof"helping"othersindailylife.Sampleanswer:Helpingothersbuildsempathyandcommunity.Itcreatesapositivefeedbackloop—whenyouhelp,othersmayhelpyoulater.Italsoreducesstressandfostersteamwork.Simpleactslikehelpingaclassmatewithhomeworkorcarryinggroceriesforanelderlyneighbormaketheworldbetter.6.Explainwhy"listening"carefullyisimportantinlearning.Sampleanswer:Listeningcarefullyhelpsstudentsgraspconceptsaccurately.Itavoidsmisunderstandingscausedbyrushing.Italsoshowsrespectforthespeaker(e.g.,teachersorpeers).Goodlisteningskillsimprovecomprehensionandretentionofinformation.7.Describehow"buying"giftscanstrengthenfamilybonds.Sampleanswer:Buyingthoughtfulgiftsshowsfamilymembersyoucare.Itcreatesspecialmoments(e.g.,birthdays,holidays)tobond.Theeffortbehindchoosingagiftreflectsloveandappreciation.Familymembersoftencherishsuchgesturesandfeelvalued.8.Discusstheimpactof"forgetting"responsibilities.Sampleanswer:Forgettingresponsibilities(e.g.,homework,chores)canleadtonegativeconsequences—lowergrades,strainedrelationships,orguilt.Itteachesaccountabilityandtimemanagement.However,occasionalforgetfulnessisnormal;thekeyistolearnfrommistakesandimprove.【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.B3.A4.A5.C6.C7.B8.D9.A10.A解析：每题均根据动词短语与语境匹配原则设置，干扰项设计贴合易错点（如动作与场景矛盾、时态错误等）。二、填空题1.writes2.goes/wrote3.clean4.open5.played/practices2.cook7.be8.watch9.help10.learn解析：均考查动词时态（一般现在时第三人称单数/复数）和动词不定式结构。三、判断题1.√2.×3.√4.√5.√6.√7.×8.√9.√10.×解析：根据动词短语与语境的合理性判断，错误项均存在场景冲突或时态错误。四、简答题1.Raisinghandsisapolitewayforstudentstosignaltheirdesiretospeakinclass.2.Borrowmeanstakingsomethingtemporarily,whilelendmeansgivingittosomeoneelse.3.Puttingawaytoysmeansstoringthemtokeeptheroomtidy.4.Writealetterandsendittoyourfriendtosharenews.5.Cleaningremovesdirtandgerms,creatingahealthyenvironment.6.Forgetisusedwhensomeonefailstodosomething(e.g.,forgethomework).7.Startmeansbeginninganaction(e.g.,startstudying).8.Tellsb.todosth.givesclearinstructions(e.g.,tellstudentstobequiet).解析：均围绕动词短语的核心含义和用法展开，强调具体场景和逻辑关系。五、应用题1.Paragraphsshouldincludeatleastthreeverbs(e.g.,putaway,help,watch)anddescribedailyactivitiesafterschool.2.Dialoguesmustfollowthe"borrow/lend"structureandincludenaturalclassroominteractions.3.Scenariosshoulddepictcollec