2026年护理专业英语阅读理解专项训练

2026年护理专业英语阅读理解专项训练一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.Inahospitalsetting,whenanurseneedstodocumentapatient'sconditionchange,whichtermshouldbeusedtodescribethesuddenworseningofsymptoms?A.GradualdeteriorationB.AcuteexacerbationC.ChronicfluctuationD.MildintermittentAnswer:BExplanation:"Acuteexacerbation"specificallyreferstothesuddenworseningofpre-existingsymptoms,whichalignswiththescenarioofdocumentingapatient'ssuddenconditionchange."Gradualdeterioration"impliesslowworsening,"chronicfluctuation"suggestslong-termvariability,and"mildintermittent"denotesoccasionalmildsymptoms—noneofwhichmatchtheacutenatureofthesituation.2.Whileadministeringmedication,anursereadsthelabelandnotesthedosageis5mg.Ifthemedicationvialstates"10mg/mL,"howmanymillilitersshouldbedrawnfortheprescribeddose?A.0.5mLB.1mLC.2mLD.5mLAnswer:AExplanation:Thecalculationinvolvesdividingtheprescribeddose(5mg)bytheconcentration(10mg/mL),yielding0.5mL.Largervolumes(1,2,or5mL)wouldresultinexcessivemedication,posingarisktothepatient.3.AnurseispreparingtoadministerIVfluidstoapatientwithdehydration.WhichtypeofIVtubingshouldbeselectedforaflowrateof100mL/hrusingamacrodripsystem?A.Microdrip(15gtt/mL)B.Macrodrip(10gtt/mL)C.Macrodrip(15gtt/mL)D.Minidrip(20gtt/mL)Answer:CExplanation:Macrodriptubing(15gtt/mL)isappropriateforhigherflowrates(100mL/hr),asitdeliverslargerdropspermilliliter.Microdrip(15gtt/mL)isforslowerrates,whileminidripisuncommoninclinicalsettings.4.Whenapatientreportspainusingthe0-10numericalratingscale,theystate"7."Whichnursinginterventionismostappropriate?A.AdministeringpainmedicationimmediatelyB.WaitingtoassessfurtherbeforeinterveningC.ReassuringthepatientthatpainwillimproveD.AskingforadditionaldetailsaboutthepainAnswer:DExplanation:Thenurseshouldfirstgathermoreinformation(e.g.,location,type,duration)beforedecidingonanintervention.Whilepainscoresof7warrantattention,immediatemedicationmaynotbenecessarywithoutafullassessment.5.Anurseobservesapatientwithanasogastrictubecoughingfrequently.Whichactionshouldbetakenfirst?A.DiscontinuethefeedingtubeB.CheckthetubeplacementwithanX-rayC.Suctionthepatient'sairwayD.AdjustthefeedingrateAnswer:CExplanation:Frequentcoughingmayindicateaspirationortubedisplacement.Immediatesuctioningpreventscomplications,whileothersteps(X-ray,adjustment)followifsuctioningdoesn’tresolvetheissue.6.Wheneducatingapatientonwoundcare,whichstatementindicatesunderstandingofsteriletechnique?A."Iwilltouchthewoundafterputtingongloves."B."Icanreusethesterilegauzeifitfallsonthetable."C."Iwillcleanthewoundfromthecenteroutward."D."Idon’tneedtowearamaskifI’mnotcoughing."Answer:CExplanation:Steriletechniquerequirescleaningwoundsfromtheleastcontaminatedarea(center)outwardtopreventinfection.Touchingthewoundwithoutgloves(A),reusingcontaminatedgauze(B),oromittingmasks(D)violatesterileprinciples.7.Anurseiscaringforapatientwithatracheostomy.Whichactivityrequiresimmediatereportingtothephysician?A.Thepatient’svoicebecomesslightlyhoarser.B.Theinnercannulaissoiledwithsecretions.C.Thetracheostomytiesaretootight.D.Thepatient’soxygensaturationdropsto88%.Answer:DExplanation:Hypoxia(saturation<90%)requiresurgentintervention.Hoarseness(A)orsoiledcannula(B)maybemanagedwithroutinecare,whiletightties(C)areadjustedbutdon’tnecessitateimmediatereporting.8.Anurseispreparingtoadministerheparintoapatientwithdeepveinthrombosis(DVT).Whichassessmentfindingwouldcontraindicatethemedication?A.Plateletcountof150,000/μLB.Prothrombintime(PT)of15secondsC.BleedinggumsafterbrushingteethD.Nohistoryofheparin-inducedthrombocytopenia(HIT)Answer:CExplanation:Bleedingsigns(e.g.,gumsbleeding)indicateincreasedanticoagulantrisk,requiringdoseadjustmentoralternativetherapy.Normalplateletcounts(A),prolongedPT(indicatingefficacy)(B),andnoHIThistory(D)areacceptable.9.Whenapatientwithdiabetesreportsfeelingdizzyandweak,whichlabvalueismostconcerning?A.Bloodglucoseof300mg/dLB.Bloodglucoseof50mg/dLC.HemoglobinA1cof8.0%D.Bloodureanitrogen(BUN)of20mg/dLAnswer:BExplanation:Hypoglycemia(glucose<70mg/dL)causessymptomslikedizziness.Hyperglycemia(A),poorlong-termcontrol(C),ormildrenalimpairment(D)arelessacuteinthiscontext.10.AnurseisteachingapatientwithCOPDaboutpursed-lipbreathing.Whichdescriptioniscorrect?A.Inhaledeeplythroughthenoseandexhaleslowlythroughthemouth.B.Inhalequicklythroughthemouthandholdbreathfor5seconds.C.Breatheinandoutthroughthenosesimultaneously.D.Useadiaphragmaticpatternwithoutpursingthelips.Answer:AExplanation:Pursed-lipbreathinginvolvesslownasalinhalationfollowedbycontrolledmouthexhalation,reducingairwayresistance.Theotheroptionsdescribeincorrecttechniques.二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1.Whenapatientwithasurgicalwoundquestionswhytheirdressingischangedevery8hours,thenurseshouldexplainthatfrequentchangeshelpmaintaina(n)______environment,reducinginfectionrisk.Answer:sterile2.Apatientwithanasogastrictubevomits.Thenurseshouldfirst______toensurethetubeisinthestomachandthenreportthefindingtothehealthcareprovider.Answer:aspirategastriccontents3.Theabbreviation"q.i.d."inamedicationorderstandsfor______,meaningfourtimesdaily.Answer:quaterindie4.Whenassessingapatient’srespiratorystatus,thenursenotes"useofaccessorymuscles."Thisfindingsuggests______effort.Answer:increasedrespiratory5.Apatientwithdiabetesisprescribedmetformin.Thenurseshouldadvisethepatienttomonitorfor______,ararebutserioussideeffect.Answer:lacticacidosis6.Theterm"decubitusulcer"referstoa(n)______thatdevelopsduetoprolongedpressureontheskin.Answer:pressuresore7.WhenadministeringIVfluids,thenurseusesadropfactorof15gtt/mL.Iftheorderistoinfuse500mLover4hours,theflowrateshouldbesetat______mL/hr.Answer:1258.Anurseiscaringforapatientwithatracheostomy.Theinnercannulashouldbe______dailytopreventbacterialgrowth.Answer:replaced9.Theabbreviation"PO"inamedicationorderindicatesthemedicationshouldbetaken______.Answer:orally10.WhenapatientwithaDVTisprescribedwarfarin,thenurseshouldmonitorthe______toassessanticoagulanteffect.Answer:INR(InternationalNormalizedRatio)三、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.Itisacceptableforanursetouseasinglepairofsterileglovesforbothdonninganddoffingproceduresifthehandsremaindry.(False)Explanation:Sterileglovesmustbechangedaftereachpatientcontacttopreventcross-contamination.2.Apatientwithatracheostomymaysafelysleepontheirsidewithoutremovingthetube.(True)Explanation:Sidesleepingpreventskinkingandimprovescomfort,providedthetubeissecuredproperly.3.Whenadministeringinsulin,itisimportanttorotateinjectionsitestopreventlipohypertrophy.(True)Explanation:Repeatedinjectionsinoneareacausefatbuildup,affectinginsulinabsorption.4.ApatientwithCOPDshouldavoidusingarescueinhalermorethantwiceaweek.(True)Explanation:Frequentuseindicatesworseningcontrol,requiringreassessment.5.Theabbreviation"q.d."standsfor"everyotherday."(False)Explanation:"q.d."meansoncedaily;"q.o.d."iseveryotherday.6.Anursemayreuseasterilesyringeifitwasaccidentallydroppedbutnotpunctured.(False)Explanation:Anydroprendersthesyringenon-sterile.7.Whencaringforapatientwithapressureulcer,thenurseshouldkeepthewoundcoveredwithatransparentdressingtomonitorforchanges.(True)Explanation:Transparentdressingsallowvisualizationwhilemaintainingamoistenvironment.8.Apatientwithdiabetescansubstituteonesliceofbreadforonepieceofcandywhenmanagingbloodsugar.(False)Explanation:Equivalentcarbohydrateintakeisneeded;substitutingdisruptsmealplanning.9.Theterm"bradycardia"referstoaheartrateslowerthan60beatsperminute.(True)Explanation:NormalrestingHRis60-100;bradycardiaisbelowthisrange.10.Anursemayadministeramedication15minuteslateifthepatientwassleeping.(False)Explanation:Timelyadministrationiscritical;delaysrequireproviderapproval.四、简答题（每题2分，共16分）1.DescribethestepsforsafelyremovingaperipheralIVcatheter.Answer:-Applygentlepressuretotheinsertionsitewithasterilegauze.-Removethetapesecuringthecatheter.-Insertthecatheterremovalneedleparalleltothecatheterattheinsertionsite.-Advancetheneedleoverthecatheterandwithdrawtogether.-Applypressureandobserveforbleedingorinfiltration.-Applyanantisepticdressing.2.Explainthepurposeofa"time-out"beforesurgicalprocedures.Answer:-Verifiescorrectpatient,procedure,andsite.-Ensuresallteammembersarepresentandaware.-Identifiespotentialerrors(e.g.,wrongsite).-Promotesteamworkandaccountability.3.ListthreesignsofpotentialIVinfiltration.Answer:-Painortendernessattheinsertionsite.-Warmthordiscolorationoftheskin.-Swellingoredemaintheextremity.4.Whyishandhygienecriticalinhealthcaresettings?Answer:-Preventstransmissionofpathogensbetweenpatients.-Reduceshealthcare-associatedinfections(HAIs).-Protectshealthcareworkersfromcontamination.-Meetsregulatoryandaccreditationstandards.5.Describethedifferencebetween"hypoglycemia"and"hyperglycemia."Answer:-Hypoglycemia:Lowbloodglucose(<70mg/dL),causessweating,confusion,andseizures.-Hyperglycemia:Highbloodglucose(>180mg/dL),leadstopolyuria,polydipsia,andweightloss.6.Whatisthepurposeofa"teach-back"methodinpatienteducation?Answer:-Confirmspatientunderstandingofinstructions.-Identifiesgapsinknowledge.-Promotespatientautonomy.-Reducesmedicationerrors.7.Explainhowtoassessforsignsofrespiratorydistressinapatient.Answer:-Observerespiratoryrate,depth,andpattern.-Checkforuseofaccessorymusclesorretractions.-Assessoxygensaturationandworkofbreathing.-Noteadventitioussounds(e.g.,wheezes,crackles).8.Whyisitimportanttodocumentmedicationadministrationaccurately?Answer:-Ensurespatientsafety.-Provideslegalprotectionforthenurse.-Trackspatientresponsetotherapy.-Facilitatescontinuityofcare.五、应用题（每题4分，共24分）1.CaseStudy:A65-year-oldpatientwithtype2diabetesreportsfeelingnauseousandweak.Theirbloodglucoseis45mg/dL.Thenursehas0.5mLofD50W(50%dextroseinwater)available.Howshouldthenurseprepareandadministerthemedication?Answer:-ReconstituteD50Wifneeded(typicallycomespre-mixed).-Draw0.5mLintoasyringe.-AdministerIVpushover1-2minutes.-Monitorforimprovementinsymptoms(e.g.,stabilizationofbloodglucose).-Notifythehealthcareproviderifsymptomspersist.Explanation:-D50Wisusedforrapidcorrectionofseverehypoglycemia.-IVpushensuresquickabsorption.-Slowadministrationpreventshyperventilationorosmoticshock.-Monitoringensuresefficacyandidentifiescomplications.2.Scenario:Anurseiscaringforapatientwithanewtracheostomywhoasks,"HowdoIspeakwiththistube?"Answer:-Explainthatspeechispossiblewithaspeakingvalveoresophagealspeech.-Demonstrateproperuseofthespeakingvalve(ifapplicable).-Encouragepracticeinaquietenvironment.-Refertoaspeechtherapistifneeded.Explanation:-Speakingvalvesredirectairflow,enablingvoiceproduction.-Esophagealspeechinvolvesvibratingtheesophagustocreatesound.-Gradualpracticeimprovescomfortandproficiency.3.Problem:ApatientwithCOPDisprescribedtiotropium(Spiriva)viaaDPIinhalerbutisunsurehowtouseit.Answer:-Showthepatientthesteps:shakeinhaler,exhalefully,inhaledeeply,holdfor5seconds,exhaleslowly.-Havethepatientpracticeinfrontofthenurse.-Useamirrortovisualizecorrecttechnique.-Reinforcedailyuseandcleaninginstructions.Explanation:-Propertechniqueensuresmedicationreachesthelungs.-Repeateddemonstrationreinforceslearning.-Cleaningpreventsbacterialgrowth.4.Situation:Anursenotesapatient’sIVsiteisred,warm,andswollenwithasmallamountofclearfluid.Thepatientreportspain.Answer:-DiscontinuetheIVinfusion.-Applywarmcompressestoimprovecirculation.-Documentfindingsandreporttothehealthcareprovider.-Monitorforsignsofinfection(e.g.,fever,worseningpain).Explanation:-Infiltrationrequiresstoppingtheinfusiontopreventfurthertissuedamage.-Warmcompressesmayreducediscomfort.-Earlyreportingensuresprompttreatment.5.Case:ApatientwithaDVTisprescribedenoxaparin(Lovenox)40mgsubcutaneouslydaily.Thenursechecksthepatient’slimbforedema.Answer:-Comparebothlegsatthesamelevel(e.g.,anklecircumference).-Measureandrecordmeasurements.-Reportanyunilateralswellingtothehealthcareprovider.-Advisethepatienttoelevatetheaffectedlegwhenpossible.Explanation:-Enoxaparinpreventsclotextension;monitoringensuresefficacy.-Symmetryassessmentdetectsprogression.-Patienteducationreducesriskofvenousstasis.6.Problem:Anurseisassignedtoapatientwithanewnasogastrictubewhoreportsdifficultybreathing.Answer:-Checktubeplacementwithanaspiratetest(e.g.,drawbackgastriccontents).-Auscultatebreathsoundstoruleoutairwayobstruction.-Suctiontheairwayifsecretionsarepresent.-Notifythehealthcareproviderifplacementisincorrect.Explanation:-Malpositionmaycauseaspirationorairwaycompromise.-Immediateassessmentpreventscomplications.六、标准答案及解析一、单项选择题1.B2.A3.C4.D5.C6.C7.D8.C9.B10.A二、填空题1.sterile2.aspirategastriccontents3.quaterindie4.increasedrespiratory5.lacticacidosis6.pressuresore7.1258.replaced9.orally10.INR(InternationalNormalizedRatio)三、判断题1.False2.True3.True4.True5.False6.False7.True8.False9.True10.False四、简答题1.StepsforremovingIVcatheter:Applypressure,removetape,insertremovalneedleparalleltocatheter,withdrawtogether,applypressure,anddress.Explanation:Propertechniquepreventsbleedingandmaintainssterility.2.Purposeoftime-out:Verifiespatient,procedure,andsite;ensuresteamawareness;identifieserrors;promotesteamwork.Explanation:Time-outsreducesurgicalerrorsbyemphasizingcriticaldetails.3.SignsofIVinfiltration:Pain,warmth,swelling,discoloration.Explanation:Earlydetectionpreventstissuedamage.4.Importanceofhandhygiene:Preventspathogentransmission,reducesHAIs,protectsworkers