2026年江苏省部编版初中英语八年级上册词汇专项训练题库

2026年江苏省部编版初中英语八年级上册词汇专项训练题库一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thenewsciencemuseuminourcity______manyinteractiveexhibitsthathelpstudentsunderstandtheprinciplesofphysicsandchemistry.A.includesB.containsC.consistsofD.possesses解析：本题考查动词辨析。A选项includes意为“包括”，常用于列举具体事物；B选项contains意为“包含”，较正式；C选项consistsof意为“由...组成”，强调整体与部分关系；D选项possesses意为“拥有”，多用于抽象概念。根据句意“我们的城市里有一个新的科学博物馆，里面有很多互动展品帮助学生理解物理和化学原理”，应选A。B选项虽然也符合语法，但includes更符合博物馆展品列举的语境。C选项强调组成关系，与句意不符。D选项程度过高，不符合博物馆展品特点。2.Mygrandmotheroftentellsmestoriesaboutherchildhood,______shelivedinasmallvillagewithherparents.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.that解析：本题考查定语从句。A选项when引导时间状语从句；B选项where引导地点状语从句；C选项which引导名词性从句；D选项that在定语从句中作主语或宾语。根据句意“我祖母经常给我讲她童年的故事，那时候她住在一个有父母的小村庄里”，空格处需引导地点状语从句修饰village，故选B。若选A，需改为whenshelivedinthevillage，但句式不完整。C选项which指代stories，逻辑错误。D选项that不能引导地点状语从句。3.Theteacheraskedthestudentsto______theirhomeworkbeforetheclassdiscussiontomorrow.A.finishB.finishedC.finishingD.tofinish解析：本题考查动词不定式。asksbtodosth为固定结构，后接动词不定式。A选项finish符合结构要求；B选项finished为过去式；C选项finishing为动名词；D选项tofinish语法正确但需去掉不定式符号。根据句意“老师要求学生在明天课堂讨论前完成作业”，应选A。B选项时态错误。C选项缺少不定式符号。D选项语法正确但需去掉to。4.Ifyou______morecarefully,youwouldn’thavemadesuchasillymistakeinthemathtest.A.workedB.workC.hadworkedD.haveworked解析：本题考查虚拟语气。if引导非真实条件句，主句表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去式。A选项worked为一般过去式；B选项work为一般现在时；C选项hadworked为过去完成时；D选项haveworked为现在完成时。根据句意“如果你更仔细一点，你数学考试就不会犯这样的错误了”，表示对过去行为的假设，应选C。A选项未体现完成时态。B选项时态错误。D选项时态不符。5.Thelocalgovernmentistakingmeasuresto______thepollutionproblemintheriver.A.solveB.solvingC.solvedD.tosolve解析：本题考查动词不定式。takemeasurestodosth为固定结构，后接动词不定式。A选项solve符合结构；B选项solving为动名词；C选项solved为过去分词；D选项tosolve语法正确但需去掉不定式符号。根据句意“地方政府正在采取措施解决河流污染问题”，应选A。B选项缺少不定式符号。C选项时态错误。D选项语法正确但需去掉to。6.Mybrotherisinterestedincollectingstamps,______mysisterprefersreadingbooks.A.butB.andC.soD.because解析：本题考查连词辨析。A选项but表示转折；B选项and表示并列；C选项so表示因果；D选项because表示原因。根据句意“我哥哥对集邮感兴趣，但我姐姐更喜欢读书”，前后句为转折关系，应选A。B选项表示并列，逻辑错误。C选项表示因果，与句意不符。D选项表示原因，与句意不符。7.Thelibrary______openfromMondaytoFriday,butitclosesearlyonweekends.A.isB.areC.wasD.were解析：本题考查主谓一致。library为单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。A选项is为第三人称单数现在时；B选项are为复数形式；C选项was为过去式；D选项were为复数形式。根据句意“图书馆从周一到周五开放，但周末关门早”，应选A。B选项主谓不一致。C选项时态错误。D选项主谓不一致。8.Theboy______livesnextdoorisagoodfriendofmine.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which解析：本题考查定语从句。先行词boy指人，关系代词用who或that。A选项who指人，作主语；B选项whom指人，作宾语；C选项whose指物或人，作定语；D选项which指物。根据句意“住在隔壁的那个男孩是我的好朋友”，空格处需指代boy作主语，应选A。B选项作宾语错误。C选项作定语错误。D选项指物，逻辑错误。9.Thecompanydecidedto______itsheadquarterstoanewcitytoexpanditsbusiness.A.moveB.movingC.movedD.tomove解析：本题考查动词不定式。decidetodosth为固定结构，后接动词不定式。A选项move符合结构；B选项moving为动名词；C选项moved为过去式；D选项tomove语法正确但需去掉不定式符号。根据句意“公司决定将其总部迁往新城市以扩大业务”，应选A。B选项缺少不定式符号。C选项时态错误。D选项语法正确但需去掉to。10.Thestudentsweresurprisedtoseetheirteacher______afamouswriterintheclassroom.A.meetingB.metC.meetsD.meet解析：本题考查非谓语动词。seesbdoingsth为固定结构，后接动名词。A选项meeting符合结构；B选项met为过去分词；C选项meets为第三人称单数现在时；D选项meet为动词原形。根据句意“学生们惊讶地看到他们的老师在教室里遇见一位著名作家”，应选A。B选项缺少主语。C选项时态错误。D选项缺少be动词。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Theweatherforecastsaysitwill______raintomorrow,sopleasebringanumbrella.2.Myfatheroften______metoplaythepianowhenIwasachild.3.Themuseum______lastweekend,butitisopenagainnow.4.IfI______moretime,Iwouldhavefinishedtheprojectearlier.5.Theteacheraskedusto______ourhomeworkcarefullybeforesubmittingit.6.Thegirl______livesnexttomeisatalentedmusician.7.Thecompanyistryingto______itsproductioncoststoincreaseprofits.8.Thestudentswereaskedto______theiropinionsonthenewschoolrules.9.Thebook______Iborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.10.Thegovernmentistakingmeasuresto______theincreasingpollutioninthecity.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Theteachertoldthestudentstofinishtheirhomeworkbeforetheclassdiscussiontomorrow.(×)解析：原句语法正确，但题目要求判断错误，故为×。正确表达应为Theteachertoldthestudentstofinishtheirhomeworkbeforetheclassdiscussiontomorrow.2.Mybrotherisinterestedincollectingstamps,andmysisterprefersreadingbooks.(√)解析：原句语法正确，表示并列关系，故为√。3.ThelibraryisopenfromMondaytoFriday,butitclosesearlyonweekends.(√)解析：原句语法正确，表示转折关系，故为√。4.Theboywholivesnextdoorisagoodfriendofmine.(√)解析：原句语法正确，who引导定语从句，故为√。5.Thecompanydecidedtomoveitsheadquarterstoanewcitytoexpanditsbusiness.(√)解析：原句语法正确，decidetodosth结构，故为√。6.Thestudentsweresurprisedtoseetheirteachermeetingafamouswriterintheclassroom.(×)解析：原句语法正确，但题目要求判断错误，故为×。正确表达应为Thestudentsweresurprisedtoseetheirteachermeetingafamouswriterintheclassroom.7.Theweatherforecastsaysitwillraintomorrow,sopleasebringanumbrella.(×)解析：原句语法正确，但题目要求判断错误，故为×。正确表达应为Theweatherforecastsaysitwillraintomorrow,sopleasebringanumbrella.8.ThebookwhichIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.(√)解析：原句语法正确，which引导定语从句，故为√。9.Thegovernmentistakingmeasurestosolvetheincreasingpollutioninthecity.(×)解析：原句语法正确，但题目要求判断错误，故为×。正确表达应为Thegovernmentistakingmeasurestosolvetheincreasingpollutioninthecity.10.Theteacheraskedustometourhomeworkcarefullybeforesubmittingit.(×)解析：原句语法错误，应为tomeet，故为×。正确表达应为Theteacheraskedustomeetourhomeworkcarefullybeforesubmittingit.四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"include"and"contain"intermsofusageandformality.2.HowcanyouformaproperconditionalsentenceinEnglish?Provideanexample.3.Whatisthefunctionoftheword"where"inthesentence"ThecitywhereIgrewupisbeautiful"?4.Describethestructureofaninfinitivephraseandgiveanexample.5.Whyisitimportanttousethecorrectverbforminasentence?6.Howdoesarelativepronounfunctioninasentence?Giveanexample.7.ExplainthepurposeofusinggerundsinEnglishsentences.8.Whatarethecommonmistakesstudentsmakewhenusingarticles?五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingaproperrelativeclause:"Thegirlismybestfriend.Shelivesnextdoor."2.Transformthefollowingsentenceintothepassivevoice:"Theteachergavethestudentsadifficulttest."3.Completethefollowingsentencewithaproperconditionalclause:"IfI______moretime,I______thebookyesterday."4.Usetheword"interest"inasentencewithanobjectcomplement.5.Writeasentenceusingagerundphraseasthesubject.6.Correctthefollowingsentence:"ThebookwhichIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting."7.Createasentenceusinganinfinitivephraseasanadverbialmodifier.8.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish:"政府正在采取措施减少城市污染。"【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.B3.A4.C5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A二、填空题1.isgoingto2.taught3.wasclosed4.hadhad5.do6.who7.reduce8.express9.that10.control三、判断题1.×2.√3.√4.√5.√6.×7.×8.√9.×10.×四、简答题1."Include"ismoreformalandisusedwhenlistingitemsaspartofawhole,while"contain"ismoregeneralandcanbeusedinbothformalandinformalcontexts.2.Aproperconditionalsentencehasan"if"clauseandamainclause,e.g.,"Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic."3."Where"introducesaplaceandmodifiesthenoun"city,"indicatingthelocation.4.Aninfinitivephrasestartswith"to+verb"andcanfunctionasanoun,adjective,oradverb,e.g.,"TolearnEnglishisimportant."5.Usingthecorrectverbformensuresgrammaticalaccuracyandclarityincommunication.6.Arelativep