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2026年河北省人教版初中英语下册语法专项训练习题一、单项选择题(每题2分,共20分)1.根据语境,选择合适的词填空:Theteacheraskedusto______thenewruleinclassyesterday.A.followB.followupC.followthroughD.followout解析:本题考查动词短语辨析。follow意为“跟随”,followup意为“跟踪”,followthrough意为“坚持到底”,followout意为“贯彻”。根据句意“老师昨天要求我们在课堂上遵守新规则”,应选A。干扰项B、C、D均与语境不符,B强调后续行动,C强调坚持,D强调执行,均不符合“遵守规则”的语境。2.完形填空:MyfriendTomisveryhelpful.Heoften______mewhenIhaveproblemswithmyhomework.A.givesadvicetoB.givesadviceforC.givesuponD.givesinto解析:本题考查动词短语。giveadvicetosb.意为“给某人提建议”,giveuponsb.意为“放弃某人”,giveintosb.意为“向某人屈服”。根据句意“当我在作业上遇到问题时,他经常给我提建议”,应选A。干扰项B错误,giveadvicefor不搭配;C、D与语境无关。3.时态填空:Look!Thestudents______theclassroomnow.A.cleanB.arecleaningC.cleanedD.willclean解析:本题考查现在进行时。now表示动作正在进行,需用现在进行时。A为一般现在时,C为一般过去时,D为一般将来时,均不符合语境。B正确,arecleaning表示现在进行。4.完形填空:IfyouwanttoimproveyourEnglish,youshould______more.A.listentoEnglishsongsB.watchEnglishmoviesC.readEnglishbooksD.alloftheabove解析:本题考查祈使句。根据句意“如果你想提高英语,你应该多听多看多读”,D涵盖A、B、C三项,最全面。干扰项A、B、C单独使用均不完整。5.完形填空:Theboy______totheteacherbecausehedidn’tunderstandthequestion.A.lookedupB.lookedforC.lookedafterD.lookedat解析:本题考查动词短语。lookup意为“查找”,lookfor意为“寻找”,lookafter意为“照顾”,lookat意为“看”。根据句意“男孩抬头看老师因为没听懂问题”,应选A。干扰项B、C、D均与语境不符。6.完形填空:Please______yourhomeworkbeforeclasstomorrow.A.finishupB.finishoutC.finishoffD.finishin解析:本题考查动词短语。finishup意为“完成”,finishoff意为“彻底完成”,finishout意为“结束”,finishin不搭配。根据句意“请明天上课前完成作业”,应选C。干扰项A、B、D均不符合语境。7.完形填空:Thegirl______herparentseverySunday.A.callsupB.callsonC.callsinD.callsout解析:本题考查动词短语。callup意为“打电话”,callon意为“拜访”,callin意为“召集”,callout意为“呼喊”。根据句意“女孩每周日拜访父母”,应选B。干扰项A、C、D均与语境不符。8.完形填空:Thestudents______thenewlibrarylastmonth.A.visitedB.visitedtoC.visitedatD.visitedfor解析:本题考查动词搭配。visit意为“参观”,直接跟宾语。B、C、D错误,visit不与to、at、for搭配。根据句意“学生们上个月参观了新图书馆”,应选A。9.完形填空:Ifyou______late,pleasecallmeinadvance.A.comeB.comeupC.comeinD.comeon解析:本题考查动词短语。comeup意为“走近”,comein意为“进来”,comeon意为“加油”。come意为“到达”。根据句意“如果你迟到,请提前给我打电话”,应选A。干扰项B、C、D均与语境不符。10.完形填空:Theteachertoldusto______therulesandnotbreakthem.A.followthroughB.followupC.followoutD.followin解析:本题考查动词短语。followthrough意为“坚持到底”,followup意为“跟踪”,followout意为“贯彻”,followin意为“跟随”。根据句意“老师告诉我们要遵守规则”,应选C。干扰项A、B、D均与语境不符。二、填空题(每空2分,共20分)1.Theboy______(look)atthepicturewhenIenteredtheroom.解析:本题考查一般过去时。when引导的时间状语从句与主句时态一致,主句为一般过去时,从句也用一般过去时。参考答案:waslooking2.Ifyou______(notstudy)hard,youwillfailtheexam.解析:本题考查祈使句否定形式。祈使句否定形式为Don’t+动词原形。参考答案:don’tstudy3.Thestudents______(clean)theclassroomeveryday.解析:本题考查一般现在时。everyday表示经常性动作,用一般现在时。参考答案:clean4.She______(go)tothelibrarythisafternoon.解析:本题考查一般将来时。thisafternoon表示将来时间,用一般将来时。参考答案:isgoingtogo5.Theteacheraskedus______(be)quietinclass.解析:本题考查动词不定式。asksb.todosth.意为“要求某人做某事”。参考答案:tobe6.Ifit______(rain)tomorrow,wewillstayathome.解析:本题考查一般将来时。if引导的条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。参考答案:rains7.Thegirl______(call)herparentseveryday.解析:本题考查一般现在时。everyday表示经常性动作,用一般现在时。参考答案:calls8.Please______(notleave)yourhomeworkathome.解析:本题考查祈使句否定形式。Pleasedon’t+动词原形。参考答案:don’tleave9.Thestudents______(visit)themuseumnextweek.解析:本题考查一般将来时。nextweek表示将来时间,用一般将来时。参考答案:willvisit10.Ifyou______(be)late,pleasecallme.解析:本题考查一般现在时。if引导的条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。参考答案:are三、判断题(每题2分,共20分)1.Theboylookedforhisparentsintheparkyesterday.(×)解析:lookfor意为“寻找”,lookup意为“查找”。根据语境应为“查找父母”,应改为lookedup。2.Thestudentsfinishedouttheirhomeworklastnight.(×)解析:finishout不搭配,应改为finishedup。3.Shecalledinherfriendstoplaygamesyesterday.(×)解析:callin意为“召集”,应改为calledon。4.Theteachertoldustofollowupthenewrule.(×)解析:followup意为“跟踪”,应改为followthrough。5.Thegirlvisitedherparentsatthehospitallastweek.(×)解析:visit直接跟宾语,不与at搭配。6.Ifyoucomelate,pleasecallmeinadvance.(√)解析:句意正确,comelate与callmeinadvance搭配合理。7.Thestudentsfollowedouttheteacher’sadvice.(×)解析:followout意为“贯彻”,应改为followedthrough。8.Shecalledupherbrotherbecauseshemissedhim.(√)解析:句意正确,callup意为“打电话”。9.Theboylookedattheteacherbecausehedidn’tunderstandthequestion.(×)解析:lookat意为“看”,应改为lookedup。10.Thestudentsfinishedtheirhomeworkbeforeclassyesterday.(√)解析:句意正确,finishedtheirhomework与beforeclass搭配合理。四、简答题(每题2分,共16分)1.简述一般现在时和一般将来时的用法区别。参考答案:一般现在时用于描述经常性动作或客观事实,如everyday、always;一般将来时用于描述将来时间,如tomorrow、nextweek,常与will或begoingto搭配。2.简述祈使句的否定形式。参考答案:祈使句否定形式为Don’t+动词原形,如Don’tbelate。3.简述动词短语lookup、lookfor、lookafter的区别。参考答案:lookup意为“查找”,lookfor意为“寻找”,lookafter意为“照顾”。4.简述动词短语followup、followthrough、followout的区别。参考答案:followup意为“跟踪”,followthrough意为“坚持到底”,followout意为“贯彻”。5.简述if引导的条件状语从句的时态规则。参考答案:主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。如Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome.6.简述动词短语callup、callon、callin的区别。参考答案:callup意为“打电话”,callon意为“拜访”,callin意为“召集”。7.简述动词短语finishup、finishout、finishoff的区别。参考答案:finishup意为“完成”,finishout不搭配,finishoff意为“彻底完成”。8.简述动词短语lookat、lookfor、lookup的区别。参考答案:lookat意为“看”,lookfor意为“寻找”,lookup意为“查找”。五、应用题(每题4分,共24分)1.根据语境,用所给动词的适当形式填空:Thestudents______(clean)theclassroomeveryday.Lastweek,they______(visit)thenewmuseum.Ifthey______(have)timetomorrow,they______(go)tothelibrary.Please______(notleave)yourhomeworkathome.Theboy______(look)atthepicturewhenI______(enter)theroom.解析:clean,visited,have,willgo,don’tleave,waslooking,entered2.根据语境,用所给动词的适当形式填空:She______(call)herparentseverySunday.Lastmonth,she______(call)herbrotherbecauseshe______(miss)him.Ifshe______(be)latetomorrow,she______(call)meinadvance.Thestudents______(clean)theclassroomnow.解析:calls,called,missed,willbe,willcall,arecleaning3.根据语境,用所给动词的适当形式填空:Theteacher______(ask)usto______(be)quietinclass.Lastweek,they______(visit)themuseum.Ifyou______(come)late,please______(call)me.Thestudents______(clean)theclassroomeveryday.解析:asked,tobe,visited,come,call,clean4.根据语境,用所给动词的适当形式填空:He______(call)hisparentseveryday.Lastmonth,he______(call)hisbrotherbecausehe______(miss)him.Ifhe______(be)latetomorrow,he______(call)meinadvance.Thestudents______(clean)theclassroomnow.解析:calls,called,missed,willbe,willcall,arecleaning5.根据语境,用所给动词的适当形式填空:Thegirl______(call)herparentseveryday.Lastweek,she______(call)herbrotherbecauseshe______(miss)him.Ifshe______(be)latetomorrow,she______(call)meinadvance.Thestudents______(clean)theclassroomnow.解析:calls,called,missed,willbe,willcall,arecleaning6.根据语境,用所给动词的适当形式填空:Thestudents______(clean)theclassroomeveryday.Lastweek,they______(visit)themuseum.Ifthey______(have)timetomorrow,they______(go)tothelibrary.Please______(notleave)yourhomeworkathome.Theboy______(look)atthepicturewhenI______(enter)theroom.解析:clean,visited,have,willgo,don’tleave,waslooking,entered六、案例分析(每题3分,共30分)1.案例分析:Theboylookedforhisparentsintheparkyesterday.问题:这句话有什么错误?如何改正?参考答案:错误在于lookfor意为“寻找”,而语境应为“查找父母”,应改为lookedup。改正:Theboylookeduphisparentsintheparkyesterday.2.案例分析:Shecalledinherfriendstoplaygamesyesterday.问题:这句话有什么错误?如何改正?参考答案:错误在于callin意为“召集”,而语境应为“邀请朋友”,应改为calledon。改正:Shecalledonherfriendstoplaygamesyesterday.3.案例分析:Thestudentsfollowedouttheteacher’sadvice.问题:这句话有什么错误?如何改正?参考答案:错误在于followout意为“贯彻”,而语境应为“坚持”,应改为followthrough。改正:Thestudentsfollowedthroughtheteacher’sadvice.4.案例分析:Theboylookedattheteacherbecausehedidn’tunderstandthequestion.问题:这句话有什么错误?如何改正?参考答案:错误在于lookat意为“看”,而语境应为“查找”,应改为lookedup。改正:Theboylookedupattheteacherbecausehedidn’tunderstandthequestion.5.案例分析:Thestudentsfinishedtheirhomeworkbeforeclassyesterday.问题:这句话有什么错误?如何改正?参考答案:这句话没有错误。6.案例分析:Shecalledupherbrotherbecauseshemissedhim.问题:这句话有什么错误?如何改正?参考答案:这句话没有错误。7.案例分析:Theboylookedforhisparentsintheparkyesterday.问题:这句话有什么错误?如何改正?参考答案:错误在于lookfor意为“寻找”,而语境应为“查找父母”,应改为lookedup。改正:Theboylookeduphisparentsintheparkyesterday.8.案例分析:Thestudentsfinishedouttheirhomeworklastnight.问题:这句话有什么错误?如何改正?参考答案:错误在于finishout不搭配,应改为finishedup。改正:Thestudentsfinisheduptheirhomeworklastnight.9.案例分析:Shecalledinherfriendstoplaygamesyesterday.问题:这句话有什么错误?如何改正?参考答案:错误在于callin意为“召集”,而语境应为“邀请朋友”,应改为calledon。改正:Shecalledonherfriendstoplaygamesyesterday.10.案例分析:Theboylookedattheteacherbecausehedidn’tunderstandthequestion.问题:这句话有什么错误?如何改正?参考答案:错误在于lookat意为“看”,而语境应为“查找”,应改为lookedup。改正:Theboylookedupattheteacherbecausehedidn’tunderstandthequestion.七、论述题(每题3分,共33分)1.论述一般现在时和一般将来时的用法区别。参考答案:一般现在时用于描述经常性动作或客观事实,如everyday、always;一般将来时用于描述将来时间,如tomorrow、nextweek,常与will或begoingto搭配。一般现在时强调习惯性,一般将来时强调计划性。2.论述祈使句的否定形式。参考答案:祈使句否定形式为Don’t+动词原形,如Don’tbelate。否定形式用于禁止或要求他人不要做某事。3.论述动词短语lookup、lookfor、lookafter的区别。参考答案:lookup意为“查找”,如lookupaword;lookfor意为“寻找”,如lookformykeys;lookafter意为“照顾”,如lookafterthechildren。4.论述动词短语followup、followthrough、followout的区别。参考答案:followup意为“跟踪”,如followuponapromise;followthrough意为“坚持到底”,如followthroughwiththeplan;followout意为“贯彻”,如followouttheinstructions。5.论述if引导的条件状语从句的时态规则。参考答案:主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。如Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome.6.论述动词短语callup、callon、callin的区别。参考答案:callup意为“打电话”,如callupmyfriend;callon意为“拜访”,如callontheteacher;callin意为“召集”,如callintheexperts。7.论述动词短语finishup、finishout、finishoff的区别。参考答案:finishup意为“完成”,如finishupthework;finishout不搭配;finishoff意为“彻底完成”,如finishofftheproject.8.论述动词短语lookat、lookfor、lookup的区别。参考答案:lookat意为“看”,如lookatthepicture;lookfor意为“寻找”,如lookformykeys;lookup意为“查找”,如lookupaword.9.论述一般现在时和一般将来时的用法区别。参考答案:一般现在时用于描述经常性动作或客观事实,如everyday、always;一般将来时用于描述将来时间,如tomorrow、nextweek,常与will或begoingto搭配。一般现在时强调习惯性,一般将来时强调计划性。10.论述祈使句的否定形式。参考答案:祈使句否定形式为Don’t+动词原形,如Don’tbelate。否定形式用于禁止或要求他人不要做某事。11.论述动词短语lookup、lookfor、lookafter的区别。参考答案:lookup意为“查找”,如lookupaword;lookfor意为“寻找”,如lookformykeys;lookafter意为“照顾”,如lookafterthechildren.【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.A3.B4.D5.A6.C7.B8.A9.A10.C二、填空题1.waslooking2.don’tstudy3.clean4.isgoingtogo5.tobe2.rains7.calls8.don’tleave9.willvisit10.are三、判断题1.×2.×3.×4.×5.×6.√7.×8.√四、简答题1.一般现在时用于描述经常性动作或客观事实,如everyday、always;一般将来时用于描述将来时间,如tomorrow、nextweek,常与will或begoingto搭配。2.祈使句否定形式为Don’t+动词原形,如Don’tbelate。3.lookup意为“查找”,lookfor意为“寻找”,lookafter意为“照顾”。4.followup意为“跟踪”,followthrough意为“坚持到底”,followout意为“贯彻”。5.if引导的条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。6.callup意为“打电话”,callon意为“拜访”,callin意为“召集”。7.finishup意为“完成”,finishout不搭配,finishoff意为“彻底完成”。8.lookat意为“看”,lookfor意为“寻找”,lookup意为“查找”。五、应用题1.clean,visited,have,willgo,don’tleave,waslooking,entered2.calls,called,missed,willbe,willcall,arecleaning3.asked,tobe,visited,

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