人教版初三（上）英语第10讲：UNIT 5 语法篇（教师版）

Module5语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________熟练掌握本模块的被动语态。一、被动语态（一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。ManypeoplespeakChinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。（二）被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken一般过去时：was／were＋spoken一般将来时：will／shallbe＋spoken现在进行时：am／is／arebeing＋spoken过去进行时：was/werebeing＋spoken现在完成时：have／hasbeen＋spoken（三）被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedontime.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.→Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.→Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.Hecutdownatree.→Atreewascutdownbyhim.（五）含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.→Itshouldbedoneatonce.（六）特殊情况1.Hemadetheboyworkfortwohoursyesterday.→Theboywasmadetoworkbyhimfortwohoursyesterday.2.JackgavePeteraChristmaspresentjustnow.→（1）AChristmaspresentwasgiventoPeterbyJackjustnow.→（2）PeterwasgivenaChristmaspresentbyJackjustnow.1.silkinSuzhou？A.Is；produced B.Are；producedC.Does；produce D.Do；produce

2.（2015·广东佛山中考）Idon’tunderstandwhymoregirlstodohouseworkthanboysintoday’ssociety.asked B.wereasked C.areasked D.ask3.Theriveraftertheheavyrain.A.hasbeenraised B.hasbeenrisenC.hasraised D.hasrisen4.—TheT-shirtfeelssoft.—Yes.Itcotton.ismadeof B.ismadeinC.ismadeby D.ismadeinto5.howbusyheis，heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.A.Payattentionto B.NomatterC.Accordingto D.Thanksto解析：1.本题主语silk与动词produce之间存在被动关系，因此应用被动语态，排除C、D两项；silk作“丝绸”讲是不可数名词，因此谓语动词用单数，排除B项。故选A。2.本题考查被动语态，女孩和做家务之间是被动关系，且时间为现如今，所以选C3.由句意“大雨过后河水已上涨”可知D项符合题意。4.由空格后的cotton可推知应用ismadeof。空格所在句句意：它是棉制的5.Bpayattentionto意为“注意”；nomatter意为“无论，不管”；accordingto意为“根据”；thanksto意为“多亏”。句意：不管他多忙，他总是乐意帮助别人。基础演练用所给词的适当形式填空。Hetoldusthatthemodelplane____(make)in1930.2.When____theGreatWall_____(build)?3.Umbrellasareusedfor____(keep)rainoff.4.Who____they____(make)by?5.Thepassage____(copy)justnow.6.Thatmountainis_____(know)foritsbeauty.7.Thisbagis____(make)ofpaper.8.Theseshipsare____(make)inChina.9.____(drink)teaisgoodforourhealth.10.Someflowers_____(send)tohereveryFriday.答案：1.wasmade2.wasbuilt 3.keeping 4.weremade;by 5.wascopied6.known 7.made 8.made 9.Drinking 10.aresent巩固提高单项选择。1.---Couldyoutellmewhothetoy_____by?---Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.makes B.madeC.ismade D.wasmadeThelightbulbgivespeoplemoretime_____everyday.A.toworkandplay B.workandplayC.toworkandplaying D.workingandplaying3._____anewlibrary____inyourschoollastyear?A.Is;built B.Was;builtC.Does;built D.Did;built4.Themonkeywasseen____outofthetree.A.jump B.jumpsC.jumped D.tojump5.Teaisproduced_____manydifferentareas.A.at B.inC.on D.to答案:CABDB单项选择。1.---Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?---Yes.Ourclassroom____everyday.A.clean B.cleansC.iscleaned D.iscleaning2.---Mum,canIgotothezoowithJack?---Whenyourhomework_____,youcan.A.isdone B.wasdoneC.does D.did3.Treesandflowers____everyyeartomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.A.isplantedB.wasplantedC.areplantedD.wereplanted4.ThebookBusiness@theSpeedofThought____in1999.A.writes B.iswrittenC.wrote D.waswritten5.

A

new

hospital_____________in

my

town

next

year.

A.builds

B.

built

C.

is

built

D.

will

be

built

6.

English

____

in

Canada.

A.speaks

B.are

spoken

C.is

speaking

D.is

spoken

7.This

English

song

_______

by

the

girls

after

class

.

A.

often

sings

B.often

sang

C.is

often

sang

D.is

often

sung

8.Thepaper,usuallyred,____beforeit____.A.isfolded;iscutB.folded;cutC.isfolded;cutD.folds;iscut9.Thesilkdress____sosmooth.It’smadeinChina.A.smells B.tastes C.feels D.looks10.Couldyoutellmewhothenovel____?A.waswritten B.waswrote C.waswrittenbyD.wrote答案：CACDDDDACC二.完形填空。先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。ManypeoplethinkthatAmericans

1

theircarsalmostmorethananythingelse.When

2__peoplearefourteenyearsold,theywanttohavetheir__3

cars.Theydon’t

ask

foracarfromtheir

4__.Somanyofthemworkin

_5_

timeduringtheir

last

yearofhighschoolto

buy

acar.Learningto

6_andgettingadriver’slicensemaybeoneofthemostexcitingthingsinayoungperson’slife.Somepeoplealmost

7_gotoadoctorwhentheyareill.Buttheywill__8_

theircarstoagarageassoonasthey

think

thereisa

9

.OnSaturdaysorSundayssomepeople

may10most

oftheirtimewashingandrepairingtheircars.1.A.prefer

B.love

C.drive

D.

play2.A.little

B.big

C.old

D.young3.A.new

B.own

C.expensive

D.cheap4.A,friends

B.teachers

C.parents

D.brothers5.A.free

B.busy

C.study

D.good6.A.make

B.mend

C.wash

D.drive7.A.always

B.never

C.often

D.usually8.A.take

B.

carry

C.pull

D.

lift9.A.question

B.wrong

C.mistake

D.

problem10.A.cost

B.get

C.spend

D.use答案：1~5.BDBCA6~10.DBABC__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.It’ssointerestingthatmostofthe____(produce)intheshopsaremadeinChina.2.Englishis____(wide)usedallovertheworld.版权所有3.____(much)oftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.4.Children____(notallow)toruninthehallwayatschool.5.Thepen___(use)forwriting.答案：1.products2.widely3.Most 4.aren’tallowed5.isused二．阅读理解。ASally:ananimaldoctor

What’stheworstthingthat’severhappenedinyourjob?

Probablythedogthatbitme.Itwasn’tabig

one

-Idon’tmindthebigones.Thesmallonesaretheworst.Itgavemeaverynastybite.

Haveyoueverdoneanyotherjobs?Yes,IdiddifferentkindsofjobswhenIwasastudent.OnesummerIdidfruit-pickinginSpain.What’stheworstjobyou’veeverdone?InordertoimprovemyEnglish,IworkedforarichfamilyinNewYork.IneverhadadayoffandIhadtodoeverything–cooking,cleaning,shopping-andlookaftertheirhorriblechildren.IleftaftertwoweeksandmanagedtogetajobasawaitressinanItalianrestaurant.Leo:anactorWhat’stheworstthingthat’severhappenedinyourjob?

Somanybadthingshavehappened-butIthinkmyworstmomentwaswhenIreadmyfirstbadreviewinthenewspaper.Theywroteterriblethingsaboutme,andIwassoupset.AfterthatIdidn’treadmyreviewsanymore.Haveyoueverdoneanyotherjobs?Ohyes,it’shardtomakealivingasanactor.SoI’vedonelotsofpart-timejobsovertheyears.Forexample,I’veworkedinashop,soldicecreamatthebeachandhandedoutpublicityflyersinthestreet.What’stheworstjobyou’veeverdone?TheworstjobI’veeverdonewasatanegg-packingfactory.Workingconditionsareterrible-youstandforhoursattheendofabelt,puttingeggsintoboxes.Youcan’thaveabreak,andifyouwanttogotothetoilet,youhavetoaskforpermission.Andworstofall,thesmellwasterrible-I’venevereatenaneggsincethen.1.Accordingtotheinterview,wedon’tknowwhethertheanimalhasworkedin______.A.US.

B.SpainC.Italy

D.England2.HowdoesLeolikethejobinanegg-packingfactory?A.Itwashard.

B.Itwasenjoyable.C.Itwaseasy.

D.Itwasterrible.3.Leoworkedinthefollowingplacesexcept

.A.arichfamily

B.ashop

C.thestreet D.anegg-packingfactory4.WhichofthefollowingstatementaboutSallyandLeoisNOTright?A.Sallywasafraidofthesmalldogs.B.SallyworkedforarichfamilyinNewYorkforonly2weeks.C.Leoworkedatanegg-packingfactoryinordertolearnEnglish.D.Leocouldn’tgotothetoiletwithoutpermissionintheegg-packingfactory.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“upset”meaninChinese?A.高兴的 B.惊讶的C.沮丧的 D.兴奋的6.WhatdoLeoandSallyhaveincommon?A.Theybothhaveworkedinseveralcountries.B.Theyarebothanimaldoctors.C.Theybothhavenevereateneggs.D.Theybothhavedonedifferentjobsandnevergiveup.答案：DDACCDBThousandsofyearsago,thekingsofEgyptbuiltstrongtombsforthemselves.Overthesetombstheybuiltpyramids.Theythoughttheirbodieswouldbewellkeptinthesetombsuntiltheycouldcomebacktolife.Theyalsohopedtheworldwouldlookonthepyramidsasmonumentstothemandwould

rememberthemforever.Thereareabout80pyramidsinEgypt.ButtheGreatPyramidisthebiggestofall.Itisnearly5,000yearsold.Itisabout137metershightoday,butitwasoncehigher.Itismadeof2,300,000hugestones.Mostofthemarehigherthanamanandweighabouttwoandahalftonseach.Someweighasmuchasfifteentons.Ittookmorethan100,000mentwentyyearstobuildtheGreatPyramid.

Whenyoulookatthepyramids,youcan’thelpwonderinghowtheEgyptianswereabletobuildthemthousandsofyearsago.Howdidtheycut,carryandliftsuch

hugestones?Eachstonefitssowell,yettheydidn’thaveourmodernmachines!Scientistshavestudiedthepyramids,butnobodycantelljusthowtheEgyptiansbuiltthemsolongago.Insidethepyramidsaretheroomsforthebodiesofthekingsandqueens.Therearelotsofwonderfultreasuresinthepyramids,too.Thieveshavebrokenintosomeofthepyramidsandtakenawaymanyofthetreasurestoforeigncountries.Theyhaveevenstolenthemummies.Todaysomeofthemummiesandtreasuresareonshowinmuseumsindifferentcountries.Whenthekingshadthepyramidsbuiltforthem,theyperhapsneverthoughtthiswouldhappen.1.Wheredidthekingsbuilttheirtombs?A.Overthepyramids

B.Inthe

fieldsC.Underthepyramids

D.Onthemonuments2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Thekingsthoughttheirbodieswouldbewellkeptinthesetomb.B.Thekingshopedtheworldwouldlookonthepyramidsasmonumentstothem.C.Thekingsthoughtthieveswouldbrokenintothepyramidsandtakenawaythereassures.D.Thekingsbuiltstrongtombsforthemselves.3.TheEgyptiansbuiltthepyramidswith.A.nomodernmachines

B.

modernmachinesC.thekings

D.sandandstones4.Scientistswonderthat_____.A.howlongittookpeopletobuildtheGreatPyramidB.howtheEgyptiansbuiltthemsolongagoC.howmanyhugestonestheGreatPyramidismadeofD.whatwasinsidethepyramids5.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheGreatPyramidinEgypt.B.HowdidtheEgyptiansbuiltthepyramids.C.ThetombsinEgypt.D.ThepyramidsinEgypt.答案：CCABD（2014年人教初三期中测试题）CIn1834,theclocktowerinLondonwasburneddown.Peopleplannedtobuildanewclockwhichwouldbethebiggestandbestintheworld.Sotheclockhadtobebigandkeepverygoodtime.Thebigclockwasmadeintwoyears.Fivemoreyearslaterthetowerwasfinished.Thenpeopleputthebigclockinthetower,andmadeitringoutforthefirsttimeonJuly11,1859.

Inordertogivethebigclockagoodname