第二讲　定语从句

4/5第二讲定语从句1.（2025·全国一卷）AnexhibitionattheJiushiArtMuseuminShanghaiisfeaturingartworkinspiredbyGo，orweiqiinChinese，originatedinChinamorethan4，000yearsago.2.（2025·全国二卷）Yetnow，IliveinthecountrysideofZhejiang，ChinawithmyChinesehusbandandhisfamily，bambooandteabushes（灌木）growwildinthemountains，chickensarealwaysfree-range，andcentralheatingdoesn’texist.3.（2025·1月浙江卷）Tanyaisalsolookingbeyondspecial-occasiondressestolessformalclothing，sheplanstopackageascapsulewardrobesandoffertotravellers，suchasthoseheadedtoweddingsabroad，withalonger-termrentalperiod.4.（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）Chineseculturalelementscommemorating（纪念）TangXianzu，isknownas“theShakespeareofAsia，”addaninternationalcharactertoStratford-upon-Avon，WilliamShakespeare’shometown.5.（2023·全国甲卷）Yet，theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday，RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow.”定语从句在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。一、关系代词引导的定语从句1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词先行词句法功能who人主语、宾语whom人宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语which物主语、宾语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语、表语Somepeoplewho/thataresuccessfullanguagelearnersoftenfailinotherfields.有些成功的语言学习者，在其他领域常常会失败。Heistheman（whom/who/that）youarelookingfor.他就是你正在找的那个人。Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。Catherineletoutasighasshescoopedthefrightenedchickenupinherarms，whoseheartwasbeatingfastinthebonylittlebody.凯瑟琳把那只受惊的小鸡抱在怀里，发出一声叹息，小鸡的心脏在瘦骨嶙峋的小身体里跳动得很快。Suchpeopleashavemadeacontributiontotheworldshouldberespected.那些对世界做出贡献的人应受到尊重。Thatisthebestfilmthathaseverbeenshownsofarinthecity.那是迄今为止在这个城市上映的最好的电影。2.关系代词that和which的用法区别只用that的情况先行词是all，much，few，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，theone等不定代词时先行词被any，few，little，much，some，no等词修饰或被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast等修饰时先行词是形容词的最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时先行词是序数词或先行词前有序数词对其进行修饰时先行词既指人又指物时主句是who或which等引出的特殊疑问句时只用which的情况在非限制性定语从句中在介词后边时Weshoulddoeverythingthatisusefultothepeople.我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。Thisisthesmallestcomputerthatcanbefoundintheworldnow.这是目前发现的世界上最小的计算机。Thefamouswriterandhisbookthatyoureferredtojustnowarewell-knownnow.你刚才提到的那位著名作家和他的书现在非常有名。Iboughtagreatmanybooks，onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.我买了很多书，这些书花了我积攒的所有的钱。3.as/which引导的非限制性定语从句as引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整句话或整件事可放在主句前、中、后，常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等which引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整句话或整件事也可修饰先行词只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有逻辑上的“并列”或“因果”关系Asweallknow，smokingisharmfultohealth.我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。Hefinishedthetaskaheadoftime，whichisveryimportanttous.他提前完成了任务，这对我们很重要。单句语法填空①（2026·浙江精诚联盟联考）AccordingtoChineselegend，thepeonyisassociatedwithabeautifulgoddessnamedXiWangmu，plantedpeoniesinhergardentosymbolizeherimmortality（永生）.②（2026·佛山二模）Ifyouareunsureaboutwhatsightseeingspotstoexplore，startwiththeSt.PaulRuinsandSenadoSquare，arethemostfamouslandmarksandthemostphotographedplacesinthecityandmust-seesforthosevisitingMacauforthefirsttime.③（2026·苏北七市调研测试）Therehavebeenlong-heldargumentsoverlandscapepaintinginChinawasthefirstonetobringthisartformtolife，butmanyartcriticsdobelieveTheNymphoftheLuoRivertobethefirstofitskind.④Theairqualityinthecity，isshowninthereport，hasimprovedoverthepasttwoyears.⑤Thisstoryaboutself-respectandself-love，charactersareChinese，issetinEurope.二、关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词的基本用法先行词关系副词句法功能与“介词＋关系代词”的关系表示时间的名词：time，day，year等when作时间状语相当于at/in/on/duringwhich表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等where作地点状语相当于in/at/to/onwhich表示原因的名词：reasonwhy作原因状语相当于forwhichWheneverIrecallthemomentwhen（atwhich）Isteppedintothisschool，thisclasswillcomeintomymind，bringingsweetmemories.每当我回忆起走进这所学校的那一刻，这个班级就会浮现在我的脑海中，带来许多甜蜜的回忆。Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswhere（inwhich）theycangainexperienceforgrowth.学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。Thereasonwhy（forwhich）hedidn’tpassthedrivingtestwasthathelackedpractice.他没有通过驾照考试的原因是他缺乏练习。（1）先行词为抽象名词point，position，situation，stage，state，case，scene等时，常用where引导定语从句。Hesaidifwereallygottothepointwhereweneededtouselifejackets，hewouldhavealreadydiedofterror.他说如果我们真到了需要用救生衣的地步，他早就吓死了。（2）先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。Icanrememberveryfewoccasionswhenhehadtocancelameetingbecauseofillhealth.我记得他很少有因为身体不适而不得不取消会议的情况。Pleasedescribeanoccasionwhereyoumetwithrealdifficulties.请描述一个你遇到真正困难的场合。（3）reason作先行词时，若关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，定语从句要用that或which引导。Thebossdoesn’twanttohearanyreason（that/which）yougive.老板不想听你所给的任何理由。2.关系副词与关系代词的选择选用关系代词与关系副词时，首先应明确关系副词不可作主语或宾语。若定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，则定语从句需用关系代词引导；从句的谓语是及物动词，而其后无宾语，就必须用关系代词替代先行词充当其宾语；若为不及物动词，则从句中不需要宾语，需要用关系副词。Thefactorywhereheonceworkedisclosednow.他曾经工作过的工厂现在倒闭了。Thefactorythat/whichhesetuplastyearisoperatingwell.他去年创办的工厂运营良好。单句语法填空①（2026·福州名校联考）Thetruemagicofshadowplayliesnotjustinitsmaking，butinitsliveperformance，ateamofpuppeteers（木偶操纵师），narrators，andmusiciansworktogetherinharmony.②Inthespring，aseasonwearelearningnewrhythmsoflife，manyofusfindcomfortinthenaturalworld.③5Gcommercialservice’sbeingofficiallylaunchedhasopenedanewdigitalage，people’sworkcapacityandlifestylewillbeupgraded.三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句构成句法功能用法指津名词（代词）＋介词＋关系代词主语可转化为“whose＋名词”结构数词（形容词最高级，some，many，each等）＋of＋关系代词主语关系代词只能用which或whom介词（短语）＋关系代词状语关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换介词＋关系代词＋名词状语关系代词常用which和whoseTheschoolatwhichIstudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometresaway.我只在