选修六unit1-unit2grammar虚拟语气

Unit1-Unit2虚拟语气1/27什么是虚拟语气？虚拟语气表示所叙述不是事实，而是一个愿望、假设、提议、猜测或使语气婉转。虚拟语气应用一、虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中应用二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中应用三、虚拟语气在asif/asthough引导方式状语从句应用四、特殊句型虚拟语气五、难点：特殊虚拟条件句2/27一、虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中应用1、与现在事实相反（对现在虚拟）从句谓语：主句谓语：IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.普通过去时would,should,could,might+动词原形3/27IfI____aboy,I____thearmy.A.were,wouldjoin B.am,shalljoinC.was,wouldjoinD.was,shalljoinA注意：在虚拟语气从句中，be动词过去式一律用were，不能用was。4/272、与未来事实相反（对未来虚拟）从句谓语：主句谓语：IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Ishouldgotoseeafilm.IfheshouldhavetimenextSunday,hewouldgotovisittheGreatWall.IfIweretobetwentynextyear,Icouldtakethecourse.1）普通过去时would,should,could,might+动词原形2）should+动词原形3）wereto+动词原形5/27Ifhe____inadayortwo,Iwouldwaitforhim.A.returns B.shouldhavereturnedC.weretoreturn D.hadreturned2)Idon’tthinkhewillattendtheparty.Butifhe____theparty,whatwouldhewear?A.shouldattend B.wouldattendC.attend D.hadattendedCA6/273、与过去事实相反（对过去虚拟）从句谓语：主句谓语：Ifhehadcomeearlieryesterday,hewouldhaveseenher.过去完成时即had+动词过去分词would,should,could,might+have+动词过去分词7/27Ifyou____thedoctor’sadvice,youwouldhaverecoveredalready.A.followed B.wouldfollowC.follow D.hadfollowed2)Ididn’tknowSmithwascominguntilnow.Ifyouhadletmeknowyesterday,I____totheairporttomeethim.A.wouldhavegone B.wouldgoC.willhavegone D.willgoDA8/27注意：if虚拟条件句倒装和省略：当从句中有were,had或should时,可省略if，把它们放在句首。1.IfIwereateacher,Iwouldhavelotsofstudents._____Iateacher,Iwouldhavelotsofstudents.2.IfIhadenteredrui’anhighschool,Iwouldnotsitherenow._________enteredrui’anhighschool,Iwouldnotsitherenow.3.IfweshouldvisitZhejiangUniversitytomorrow,Iwouldplaybasketballthere._____________visitZhejiangUniversitytomorrow,Iwouldplaybasketballthere.WereHadI

Shouldwe9/27二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中应用1、wish+宾语从句IwishIwereadoctor.IwishIshouldgoabroadnextyear.3)IwishIhadseenthefootballmatch.与现在事实相反，宾语从句谓语动词用过去时。与未来事实相反，宾语从句谓语动词用would,could,might+动词原形。与过去事实相反，宾语从句谓语动词用过去完成时。10/27注意1：以上动词对应名词组成名词性从句包含主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中动词形式一样。即：(should)＋v.order,command/advice,suggestion,proposal/demand,requirement,request,desireMydemandisthatshe_____________(come)

toseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory________________________(closedown).(should)come(should)be

closeddown11/272、suggest等动词+宾语从句（在宾语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可省略。）这类动词有：insistorder,commandadvise,suggest,proposedemand,require,request,desire即:一个坚持，两个命令，三个提议，四个要求。Practice：我们提议汤姆去休息一下。Wesuggestedthat___________________________.他果断要求我向他道歉。Heinsistedthat_____________________________.Tom

(should)have

arestI(should)apologizetohim坚持要某人做某事12/27注意2：insist,suggest后接宾语从句不用虚拟语气情况。sheinsistedthatshewasright.2)Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasunhappy.当insist意思是坚持某人自己观点，坚持认为时，后接宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。当suggest意思是暗示、表明时，后接宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。13/27Iwouldratheryou

______(pay)menow.Iwouldratheryoualso___________(go)yesterday.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryou

_________(come)tomorrow.3、wouldrather+宾语从句表示现在或未来情况，谓语动词用普通过去式表示过去情况，谓语动词用过去完成时。paid

came

hadgone14/27依据汉语意思补全以下句子（每空一词）假如我带钱了，我就会借给你一些。IfIhadmoneywithme,I_______________________________.2.假如他听我劝说话，就不会犯这么错了。Ifhe_____________________________,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.3.假如下周日大雪，我们就不去滑冰了。Ifthere_______aheavysnownextSunday,we_____________________________.4.假如贝蒂知道你地址，她早就给你写信了。_________Betty________youraddress,shewouldhavewrittentoyou.5.假如我还年轻，我会努力学习取得学位。________________,Iwouldstudyhardtogetadegree.would

lendyousomehadtakenmyadvicewerewouldnotgoskatingHadknownWereIyoung15/27三、虚拟语气在asif/asthough引导方式状语从句应用Hebehavesasifhe

________(own)thehouse.从句表示情况

从句谓语动词形式

与现在事实相反普经过去时与过去事实相反过去完成时(had+过去分词)

owned16/271)Shelovesthebabyasifit____________(be)herownson.2)Irememberthewholethingasifit_________________(happen)yesterday.were

hadhappened

17/27evenif(eventhough)即使

Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.

EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.18/271、It’s(high)time+(that)…该是做……时候了should+v.过去时你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。It’stimethatyouwent.It’stimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.

(should不可省略)四、特殊句型虚拟语气19/272、It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/impossible/apity…+that从句，

从句中动词要用虚拟,即(should)+动词原形

Itisimportant

thatwe_____________(master)aforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatshe

_____________(refuse)tocometotheparty.It’snecessary

thatwe

_____________(study)hard.It’sapitythatyou_______________(miss)agoodchance.(should)master(should)refuse(should)study(should)miss20/273.Ifonly引导感叹句（要是...该有多好啊)对现在虚拟,用过去式;对过去虚拟,用过去完成时。翻译：要是我知道答案就好了！IfonlyIknewtheanswer!要是我没错过火车就好了！

IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!21/27五、难点：特殊虚拟条件句1.错综时间条件句:主句谓语和条件从句谓语表示动作在时间上不一致,这时主从句谓语动词虚拟语气形式因时间不一样而不一样,这叫做______________。Ifyou___________(ask)himyesterday,you______________(know)whattodonow.Ifthestaff__________(be)morecareful,themall_______________(notbe)onfirenow.例句中从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反混合条件句hadaskedwouldknowhadbeenwouldnotbe22/272.含蓄条件句：条件从句不表示出来，而是暗含在上下文或短语中，如介词without或butfor（要不是）引导短语，代替if引导虚拟条件句。Withoutwater(=Iftherewerenowater),fishcouldnotlive.对现在虚拟，用would/should/could/might+V原Butforyourhelp(=Ifyouhadnothelpedme)，Iwouldhavefailed.对过去虚拟，用would/should/could/mighthavedone23/27情态动词+havedonecouldhavedone原来能够---mighthavedone原来可能---should/oughttohavedone原来应该做---shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone本不该做--needn’thavedone本无须做---wouldhavedone原来会去做----你本不应该告诉她真相。Youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.我没必要擦窗户。我弟兄做了。Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.我没有足够钱．不然我会买那本书。Ididn’thaveen