2025-2026年山东省八年级英语上册第4单元词汇练习题

2025-2026年山东省八年级英语上册第4单元词汇练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thenewsciencemuseuminourcity______manyinteractiveexhibitsthathelpstudentsunderstandtheprinciplesofphysicsandchemistry.A.includesB.containsC.consistsofD.possesses解析：本题考查动词辨析。A选项includes意为“包括”，常用于列举具体事物；B选项contains意为“包含”，较笼统；C选项consistsof意为“由...组成”，强调整体与部分关系；D选项possesses意为“拥有”，多用于抽象概念。根据句意“我们城市的科学博物馆包含许多互动展品”，应选includes。contains易误用为静态描述，而句中强调展品是博物馆的组成部分，故A最准确。2.Mygrandmotheroftentellsmestoriesaboutherchildhood,______shelivedinasmallvillagewithhergrandparents.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.that解析：本题考查定语从句。A选项when引导时间状语从句；B选项where引导地点状语从句；C选项which指代物，不能引导状语；D选项that可引导名词性从句。句中先行词是stories，指代事件，且从句描述地点，故where正确。when易误用于地点描述，而that在定语从句中需先行词指代人或物，此处不适用。3.Theteacheraskedthestudentsto______theirhomeworkbeforetheclassdiscussiontomorrow.A.finishB.finishedC.finishingD.tofinish解析：本题考查动词不定式。动词ask后需跟不定式作宾语，故选D。A选项finish为动词原形，直接跟宾语；B选项finished为过去式；C选项finishing为动名词；D选项tofinish符合ask的固定搭配。注意asksbtodosth结构中，to为必须成分。4.______isapitythatyoumissedthefinalexambecauseoftheflu.A.ItB.ThereC.ThisD.That解析：本题考查固定句型。Itisapitythat...为固定表达，意为“真遗憾...”，故选A。B选项Thereisapitythat...结构错误；C选项This/That不能引导虚拟语气；D选项That不能单独引导句型。注意虚拟语气中that从句动词用原形。5.Theboy______livesnextdoorisatalentedmusicianwhoplaysthepianoandtheguitar.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which解析：本题考查关系代词。先行词boy指人，且从句中作主语，故用who。A选项who指人时作主语或宾语；B选项whom作宾语；C选项whose表所属关系；D选项which指物。关系代词需根据先行词和从句成分选择，此处从句主语需指代boy，故who最合适。6.Thecompanydecidedto______itsofficetoamorecentrallocationtoimproveemployeecommunication.A.moveB.movingC.movedD.tomove解析：本题考查动词搭配。decidetodosth为固定结构，故选D。A选项move为原形；B选项moving为动名词；C选项moved为过去式；D选项tomove符合decidetodosth结构。注意类似decideon,planto等动词后必须跟不定式。7.Mysisteris______shelooks—she’sonly16butalreadyknowsalotaboutcomputers.A.olderthanB.asoldasC.olderthanD.asoldas解析：本题考查比较级。句中than后省略了sheis，完整为“olderthansheis”，故选A。B选项asoldas表示同级比较；C选项重复；D选项asoldas同B。注意比较级前需有than，且than后可省略be动词。8.Thelibraryoffersfreeinternetaccess______studentscanresearchtheirassignmentsanytime.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when解析：本题考查定语从句。先行词library指地点，且从句描述地点，故用where。A选项which指物，不能引导地点状语；B选项that不能引导状语；C选项where引导地点状语；D选项when引导时间状语。注意先行词性质决定关系代词选择。9.______youfinishyourproject,thesoonerwecanstartthenextphase.A.TheearlierB.MoreearlyC.ThemoreearlyD.Moreearlier解析：本题考查比较级固定句型。The+比较级...,the+比较级...结构表示“越...越...”，故选A。B/C选项more+原级错误；D选项more+比较级错误。注意该结构中两个比较级需平行。10.Thestudentswere______toseetheirteacherreturnafterthelongvacation.A.excitedB.exciteC.excitingD.toexcite解析：本题考查形容词辨析。be+形容词表状态，故选A。A选项excited意为“兴奋的”（表状态）；B选项excite为动词；C选项exciting意为“令人兴奋的”（表动作影响）；D选项toexcite为不定式。注意excited（表人感受）与exciting（表事物影响）的区别。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thenewpolicywill______(affect)students’dailyroutinesintheschool.2.Sheis______(interest)inreadingsciencefictionnovels.3.Weneedtofindawayto______(solve)thetrafficprobleminthecitycenter.4.Themuseum______(hold)anexhibitionofancientartifactsnextmonth.5.Mybrotheristallerthan______(I).6.Theteacheraskedusto______(write)areportabouttheenvironmentalprotectionproject.7.It’simportantto______(protect)endangeredspeciesinourecosystem.8.Thecompanywill______(expand)itsbusinesstonewmarketsnextyear.9.Sheis______(busy)withherstudiesthatshehasnotimeforhobbies.10.Thestudentswere______(surprise)whentheysawthesurpriseparty.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Theword"beyond"canbeusedtodescribesomethingthatisphysicallyfarawayorabstractlydifficulttoachieve.(正确)解析：beyond既可表物理距离（如beyondtheschool），也可表抽象程度（如beyondmyability），故正确。2.Theverb"suggest"isfollowedbyagerund(doing)whenitmeanstoproposeanidea.(错误)解析：suggest后跟动词原形（should）或名词（that从句），如suggestdoingsth表“建议做某事”时需用动词原形，故错误。3.Therelativepronoun"whom"canonlybeusedastheobjectofaverbinasentence.(正确)解析：whom在定语从句中作宾语时必须用宾格形式，如ThegirlwhomIsawismyfriend，故正确。4.Thestructure"too...to..."indicatesapositiveresult.(错误)解析：too...to...结构表示“太...以至于不能...”，如tootiredtowalk，故错误。5.Theadverb"recently"isusedtodescribeeventsthathappenedinthepastbutarestillrelevantnow.(正确)解析：recently意为“最近”，常用于描述过去不久且与现在有关的事件，故正确。6.Theword"interest"canbebothanounandaverb.(正确)解析：interest作名词指“兴趣”（如Myinterestinmusic），作动词指“使感兴趣”（如Thebookinterestsme），故正确。7.Therelativepronoun"which"canrefertothingsoranimalsbutnotpeople.(错误)解析：which指物或动物，也可指时间、距离等非人名词，但不可指人，故正确。8.Thestructure"beabouttodosth"meanstheactionwilldefinitelyhappensoon.(错误)解析：beabouttodosth表示“即将做某事”，强调动作即将发生但未必确定，故错误。9.Theadverb"already"isusuallyplacedbeforethemainverbinasentence.(正确)解析：already多位于现在时或完成时句中助动词/情态动词后、实义动词前（如Ihavealreadyfinished），故正确。10.Theword"however"isusedtoaddnewinformationinasentence.(错误)解析：however表转折，意为“然而”，如However,hedidn’tcome，故错误。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"imagine"and"guess".参考答案：imagine意为“想象”，指在脑海中创造图像或情景（如imagineahappyfuture）；guess意为“猜测”，指根据不完全信息做出判断（如guesstheanswer）。imagine强调主观创造，guess强调推测。2.Whatisthefunctionoftherelativepronoun"that"inasentence?参考答案：that可引导定语从句，指代人或物，并在从句中作主语或宾语（如ThebookthatIreadisinteresting）。that不可指人时，先行词必须是物或时间等非人名词。3.Howdoestheadverb"nevertheless"differfrom"however"?参考答案：nevertheless意为“尽管如此”，常位于句末，语气比however更强（如Hewastired,neverthelesshecontinuedworking）；however意为“然而”，位于句中或句首，表转折。4.Describethestructure"too...and..."andgiveanexample.参考答案：too...and...结构表示“既...又...”，连接两个并列成分（如Sheistooyoungandtooinnocent）。该结构强调两个极端的相似性。5.Whatisthemeaningofthephrasalverb"lookforwardto"?参考答案：lookforwardto意为“期待”，后接名词或动名词（如lookforwardtomeetingyou）。该短语强调积极的期待。6.Explainthedifferencebetween"interest"and"fun".参考答案：interest指“兴趣”（如interestinhistory）；fun指“乐趣”（如playinggamesisfun）。interest是抽象概念，fun是具体体验。7.Howshouldtheword"because"beusedinasentence?参考答案：because引导原因状语从句，必须位于主句后（如IstayedhomebecauseIwassick）。because不可位于句首（需倒装），且不可与so同时使用。8.Whatisthepurposeofusingagerund(doing)aftertheverb"enjoy"?参考答案：enjoy后跟动名词表“享受做某事”（如enjoyswimming）。动名词使句子更简洁，且强调动作本身带来的乐趣。五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Rewritethesentence"Thebookisinterestinganduseful"usingaphrasalverb.参考答案：Thebookisinterestingtolookinto.解析：lookinto意为“研究”，强调深入探索，比直接说interesting更生动。2.Completethesentence:"Ican’tdecidewhetherto______thejobofferorstayatmycurrentcompany."参考答案：accept解析：decidebetweenAandB结构中，A为accept（接受），B为reject（拒绝），故填accept。3.Transformthesentence"Hefinishedhishomeworkquickly"intothepassivevoice.参考答案：Hishomeworkwasfinishedquickly.解析：被动语态结构为be+过去分词，主语变为动作承受者。4.Completethesentence:"Theteacheraskedusto______ourideasclearlyinthepresentation."参考答案：present解析：asksbtodosth结构中，present（表达）符合语境，比show（展示）更强调逻辑性。5.Rewritethesentence"ThemoviewassoboringthatIfellasleep"using"too...to..."inthemainclause.参考答案：Themoviewastooboringformetostayawake.解析：too...to...结构将原句从句转化为主句，保持原意。6.Completethesentence:"I______tovisitthenewmuseumnextweekend,butIhavetostudyfirst."参考答案：wouldlove解析：wouldlovetodosth表强烈的愿望，符合语境。7.Transformthesentence"Thestudentsdiscussedtheproblemfortwohours"intothepastcontinuoustense.参考答案：Thestudentswerediscussingtheproblemfortwohours.解析：过去进行时强调动作在特定时间段的持续性。8.Completethesentence:"Sheis______inlearninglanguagesbecauseshefindsitchallengingbutrewarding."参考答案：interested解析：beinterestedindoingsth表对某事感兴趣，符合语境。【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.B3.A4.A5.A6.D7.A8.C9.A10.A解析：1.includes强调列举，符合句意；2.where引导地点状语从句；3.decidetodosth固定搭配；4.olderthansheis省略结构；5.asoldas表同级比较；6.write为动词原形；7.protect为动词原形；8.expand为动词原形；9.olderthansheis省略结构；10.surprise为动词原形。二、填空题1.affects2.interested3.solve4.willhold5.I6.write7.protect8.willexpand9.sobusy1