外研版英语选择性必修第二册　Unit 6　Survival 教师用书

选择性必修第二册Unit6SurvivalⅠ.阅读单词——会意1．foxn．狐狸2．chacmababoon南非大狒，大狒狒3．seasideadj.海滨的4．predatorn．掠食动物，捕食性动物5．newcomern．新来者6．flourishv．生长茂盛，兴盛7．racoonn．浣熊8．lambn．羔羊肉9．kebabn．烤(肉)串10．garlicn．(大)蒜11．migratoryadj.迁徙的12．kitn．成套工具13．clayn．黏土14．caven．洞穴15．heatwave酷热期，热浪期16．indoorsadv.在室内17．fueln．燃料；刺激性言行v．给……加燃料；增强，刺激18．supplementv．补充，增补，增加19．eliminatev．消除，根除20．blazen．烈火，大火21．Marsn．火星22．nuclearadj.核武器的23．hostileadj.(生长环境)恶劣的24．unmannedadj.无人驾驶(操纵)的25．spacecraftn．航天器，宇宙飞船26．orbitv．环绕……运行n．轨道27．astronautn．航天员，宇航员，太空人28．capsulen．(航天器的)密封舱，太空舱；胶囊29．trunkn．树干；象鼻；(汽车后部的)行李厢；大箱子Ⅱ.拼写单词——记形1．suburbn．郊区，城郊2．thiefn．小偷，贼3．urbanadj.城镇的，城市的4．garbagen．垃圾5．crucialadj.至关重要的，关键性的6．firefightern．消防队员7．fierceadj.凶猛的；恶劣的，极端的；激烈的8．wipev．擦，拭，揩9．agencyn．机构；(尤指政府内的)局，部，处10．dustn．沙土，尘土Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．crimen．罪，罪行→criminaln．罪犯adj.犯罪的2．greedyadj.贪婪的，贪心的；渴望的→greedilyadv.贪婪地→greedn．贪心，贪婪3．commitv．犯(错误或罪行)；承诺，保证；全心全意投入→commitmentn．承诺；花费；献身；投入→committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的4．containern．容器→containv．包含，容纳；抑制5．appreciatev．欣赏；赏识；感激；理解，明白→appreciationn．欣赏；感激→appreciativeadj.赞赏的；感激的6．restrictv．限制，控制→restrictionn．限制；限定→restrictiveadj.限制性的7．hikern．徒步旅行者，远足者→hikev．去……远足→hikingn．远足；徒步旅行8．optimisticadj.乐观的；乐观主义的→optimisticallyadv.乐观地→optimismn．乐观主义→optimistn．乐观主义者→(反)pessimisticadj.悲观的9．consumptionn．(精力、油、电等的)消耗量；消费→consumev．消耗；吃，喝→consumern．消费者10．reactvi.(作出)反应；回应→reactionn．反应；回应11．monthlyadj.每月一次的adv.每月n.月刊→monthn．月，月份12．advancedadj.高级的；先进的→advancevi.前进vt.促进；提出n．进展，进步adj.预先的13．terrifyingadj.极其可怕的，骇人听闻的→terrifiedadj.害怕的→terrifyv．使害怕→terrorn．恐怖；恐惧14．consistv．组成，构成；在于→consistentadj.一致的；始终如一的→inconsistentadj.不一致的15．inferv．推断，推定→inferencen．推断，推论16．exposev．使暴露(于险境)；揭露；使曝光→exposuren．暴露，显露；揭露；接触→exposedadj.暴露的；无遮蔽的17．stunningadj.极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的→stunv．使震惊→stunnedadj.震惊的；惊呆了的18．estimatev．估计，估算→estimationn．(对水平、数量等的)估计；判断，评价积累——构词法学一法会一类后缀-ish1．-ish跟在某些名词后面变成动词，表示“做……，致使……，造成……，成为……”。如flourish(繁荣；兴旺)＝flour＋-ish；2．-ish跟在名词后面也可用来描述一个人或其行为，表示“……一样的，……似的”。如childish(像孩子一样的，幼稚的)；3．-ish跟在表示“民族、国家、地方”等名词后，表示“某国的或某民族的”，也可表示“某国的语言”。如Danish(丹麦的；丹麦语)，Spanish(西班牙的；西班牙语)；4．-ish作形容词后缀，仍是形容词，表示“略带；有点”。如greenish(浅绿色的)，longish(稍长的)。(1)Furnishtheremotesitewithasimilarsetoffourmachines.向……供应，提供(2)Thepaintingslookedamateurish，buttheydidlookattractive.外行的，业余的(3)Healsocriticizedtheconcepts，methods，andgoalsofthebookishscholars.书呆子气的(4)It’sadiverseenvironmentwithwatertendingtobebluishnearthesurfaceandreddishdeeperdown.略带蓝色的微红的(5)Comparedwithme，heisoldishandIcallhimmyelderbrother.年纪有点大的Ⅳ.背核心短语1．copewith应付(某种情况)2．bring...undercontrol使……处于控制之下3．getridof摆脱，除去4．wipeout彻底摧毁，消灭5．consistof由……组成，由……构成6．inthemeantime在此期间，与此同时7．inone’sway挡某人的路8．outofreach够不到9．underconstruction在建设之中10．fitinwith适应；与……一致11．getatastefor尝一尝；体验；感受12．crashinto撞击，闯入13．amountto总计；相当于14．splitup分开Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Withnowhereelsetomaketheirhomes，theyhavenochoicebuttomoveinwithus.(havenochoicebuttodo)由于无处安家，它们别无选择只能搬来和我们一起住。2．Asourcitiesbecomegreener，theyofferincreasinglyappealingspacestoanimalslookingfornewhabitats.(as引导时间状语从句)随着我们的城市环境变得更好，它们为寻找新栖息地的动物提供了越来越吸引人的空间。3．Thereisevidencethaturbanracoonsaremoreintelligentthantheirwildcousins...(that引导同位语从句)有证据表明，城市里的浣熊比它们的野生近亲更聪明……4．Onlythencanwelooktowardsharmoniouslysharingoururbanhabitats.(“only＋状语”置于句首的倒装句)只有那时，我们才能期待和谐地共享我们的城市栖息地。5．Oneoptionistoexploreotherplanetstoseeifwecouldliveonthem.(if引导宾语从句)一种选择是探索其他星球，看看我们能否在上面生活。6．ThereisnodoubtthathumankindisdrawntowardsMars，withdreamsofmakingitoursecondhome.(Thereisnodoubtthat...)毫无疑问，人类被火星吸引，梦想着把它作为我们的第二个家园。体验——析真题长句知高考难度(2025•浙江1月)Customerstodaylookpastthefactthatsomethingissecondhandandfocusinsteadonthefactthattheyhavesomethinguniquetowearandarenotoverstuffingtheirownwardrobesorcontributingtolandfill.[句式分析]本句是主从复合句。主句主语为Customers,and连接两个并列谓语lookpast和focuson，宾语为两处thefact；两个“that”均引导同位语从句，仅起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成分。[尝试翻译]如今的消费者不再纠结于物品是二手的这一事实，反而更关注另一个事实：他们拥有了独一无二的穿搭单品，同时既没有让自己的衣柜过度堆积，也没有为垃圾填埋场增添负担。Ⅰ.重点单词(每空1分，共24分)1．garbagen．垃圾2．suburbn．郊区，城郊3．dustn．沙土，尘土4．urbanadj.城镇的，城市的5．crucialadj.至关重要的，关键性的6．fierceadj.凶猛的；恶劣的，极端的；激烈的7．agencyn．机构；(尤指政府内的)局，部，处8．inferv．推断，推定→inferencen．推断，推论9．crimen．罪，罪行→criminaln．罪犯adj.犯罪的10．consistv．组成，构成；在于→consistentadj.一致的；始终如一的→inconsistentadj.不一致的11．optimisticadj.乐观的；乐观主义的→optimisticallyadv.乐观地→optimismn．乐观主义→optimistn．乐观主义者→(反)pessimisticadj.悲观的12．stunningadj.极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的→stunv．使震惊→stunnedadj.震惊的；惊呆了的13．estimatev．估计，估算→estimationn．(对水平、数量等的)估计；判断，评价Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每空1分，共10分)1．Beingexposedtosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin，soweshoulddecreasethedirectexposuretosunlight.(expose)2．Amongallthepeopleweshouldappreciate，ourparentswhoalwayshelpcopewithourdifficultiesaretheoneswhodeserveourappreciation(appreciate)most.3．Expertsadviseconsumersnottobuymoregroceriesuntiltheonestheyalreadyhaveareconsumed.Thisiscalledrationalconsumption.(consume)4．Thegovernmenthasintroducedanewrestrictiononsingle-useplastics，whilesomepeoplefindthepolicytoorestrictive.(restrict)5．Teachers’deepcommitmenttostudents’growthshowstheyaretrulycommittededucatorswhonevergiveuponhelpingeverychilddevelop.(commit)Ⅲ.补全语段(句式仿写)(每题3分，共12分)1．Aseconomydevelops(随着经济的发展)，humanactivityhasaffectedthehabitatsofanimals，decreasingthenumberofanimalsgreatly.Asaresult，manywildanimals2.havenochoicebuttomigratetodistantplaces(别无选择，只能迁徙到遥远的地方)toseekfood.Inthemeantime,3.thereisnodoubtthattheyalsofinditdifficulttoadapttothepresentenvironment(毫无疑问它们也发现很难适应现在的环境)．Fortunately，ourgovernmenthaspaidattentiontothesituationandhastakenaseriesofmeasurestocopewiththeproblem.Furthermore，aseriesoflawshavecomeintoeffect.Inconclusion,4.onlyifwemakeconstanteffortscanwesolvetheproblem(只有我们不断努力，我们才能解决这个问题)andliveinpeacewithanimalsforsure.Inaterrifyingstorm，survivorsquicklylearnedtoappreciateeverysmallmercy.Theirstrategyconsistedofstayingcalmandhelpingeachother，achoicedrivenbythebeliefthatpanicwouldonlyworsentheirtrouble.Whenexposedtosuddendangers，theyhadtoreactswiftly—securingsheltersorsharingsupplies.Thisunityreflectedthetruththatsurvival，initscore，dependsmoreonhumanconnectionthansheerluck.appreciatev．欣赏；赏识；感激；理解，明白(appreciationn．欣赏；感激appreciativeadj.赞赏的；感激的)•appreciatedoing...欣赏/感激做……Iwouldappreciateitif...假如……我将不胜感激。•inappreciationof感激(1)Castinganappreciative(appreciate)smileathim，Ihandedhimagiftinappreciationofwhathehaddoneforme.(2)(2025•全国二，读后续写)我开始感激自己能有机会分享名字背后的故事，因为这段简短的交流帮助所有人更坦诚地欣赏多元文化。Istartedtoappreciatebeinggiventheopportunitytosharethestorybehindmynameasthissmalltalkhelpedeveryoneappreciatediverseculturesmoreopenly.(3)(建议信)如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽，我的确希望你的论文对环境保护有所帮助。I’dappreciateitifyoucouldtakemytips/suggestions/adviceintoaccount/considerationandIdohopethatyourpaperwillmakeadifferencetoenvironmentalprotection.用法点拨appreciate后一般不接不定式；作“感激”讲时，其后一般只接“事”作宾语，而不接“人”作宾语；且其后不直接跟从句，需先接it，再接从句，类似用法的动词还有like，enjoy，hate，love，take，have等。reactvi.(作出)反应；回应(reactionn．反应；回应)reactto对……作出反应reactagainst反对；反抗reactwith与……起化学反应(1)Inthemeantime，Idoappreciateyourshowingmehowironreactswithairandwater.(2)(2025•浙江1月，读后续写)凯文不知道格林夫妇会如何看待他所说的有人闯入家中的这件事，只能紧张地搓着手。出乎意料的是，他们并没有反对他之前决定做的举动；而他们积极的态度让凯文大为震惊，眼睛瞪得圆圆的，他突然觉得之前所有的担忧也一下子烟消云散了。NotknowinghowMrandMrsGreenwouldreacttohisstoryaboutthemanbreakingin，Kevinrubbedhishandsnervously.Unexpectedly，theydidn’treactagainstwhathehaddeterminedtodoandtheirpositivereactionshockedKevinsomuchthathiseyeswerewideopen，andhesuddenlyfeltallhisearlierworryfadeaway.terrifyingadj.极其可怕的，骇人听闻的(terrifiedadj.害怕的terrifyv．使害怕terrorn．恐怖；恐惧)•beterrifiedof对……感到惊恐beterrifiedat/by...被……吓了一跳•terrifysbintodoing...吓唬某人做……•interror惊慌地(1)(续写之恐惧心理描写)我被黑暗森林里野生动物可怕的嚎叫吓坏了。我被吓得跑起来，但我发现我迷路了。我惊恐地环顾四周，不知道如何应对这种情况。Iwasterrifiedby/attheterrifyinghowlsofwildanimalsinthedarkforest.Terrifiedintorunning，IfoundthatIlostmyway.Iglancedaroundinterror，notknowinghowtocopewiththesituation.(2)(续写之恐惧心理描写)由于非常害怕即将到来的考试，我感到双腿颤抖，手心冒汗。Extremelyterrifiedofthecomingexamination，Ifeltmylegstremblingandmypalmssweating.(形容词短语作状语)consistv．组成，构成；在于(consistentadj.一致的；始终如一的inconsistentadj.不一致的)•consistof(＝bemadeupof，becomposedof)由……组成，由……构成consistin(＝liein)在于……；存在于……consistwith和……一致•beconsistentwith与……一致；符合(1)(续写之主旨升华)人生的成功并不在于仅仅拥有物质财富。正直的人总会确保自己的行为与价值观保持一致。当我们以符合自身信念的方式生活时，就能找到真正的满足感。Successinlifedoesn’tconsistin/lieinhavingmaterialwealthalone.Apersonofintegrityalwaysmakessurethathisactionsconsistwithhisvalues.Whenweliveinaway(that/whichis)consistentwithourbeliefs，wefindtruesatisfaction.(2)(续写之主旨升华)众所周知，人生不仅有阳光，也有风雨。Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatlifeconsistsof/ismadeupof/iscomposedofnotonlysunshinebutalsostorms.exposev．使暴露(于险境)；揭露；使曝光(exposuren．暴露，显露；揭露；接触exposedadj.暴露的；无遮蔽的)exposesth/sb/oneselfto...使某物/某人/某人自己暴露于……beexposedto暴露于；经受温馨提示：在expose...to...及beexposedto结构中，to为介词，其后需用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。(1)(话题写作之文化交流)接触不同的文化能拓宽人的世界观。因此，在出国家庭旅行期间，很多家长常会让孩子们参与当地的文化活动。Exposure/Beingexposedtodifferentculturesbroadensone’sperspectiveontheworld.So，manyparentsoftenexposetheirkidstolocalculturalactivitiesonfamilytripsabroad.(2)(申请信)我从小就接触外教，因此，我能够用英语和其他人自由交流。①Ihavebeenexposedto/haveexposedmyselftoforeignteacherssinceayoungage，soIcancommunicatefreelywithothersinEnglish.②Havingbeenexposedto/Havingexposedmyselftoforeignteacherssinceayoungage，IcancommunicatefreelywithothersinEnglish.(用havingdone作状语改写)that引导同位语从句Thereisevidencethaturbanracoonsaremoreintelligentthantheirwildcousins...有证据表明，城市里的浣熊比它们的野生近亲更聪明……•that引导的同位语从句常作news，fact，hope，idea，suggestion，promise，truth等名词的同位语。•that引导同位语从句和定语从句时的区别在于：引导定语从句时，that为关系代词，在从句中作主语或宾语，有意义；而引导同位语从句时，that在从句中只起引导词的作用，不作成分，没有意义。(1)Doyoubelievethestunningnewsthat/whichtheguideinthetravelagencyjustnowtoldyou?(2)Doyouhearaboutthenewsthatbravefirefightersmanagedtobringthebigblazeundercontrollastnight?(3)(2023•北京，书面表达)听说你们正在策划一个以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，我非常高兴，下面是我对活动的建议。毫无疑问，组织一次环城自行车之旅是一个不错的选择。此外，另一个建议是你们应该举办一个绿色博览会或展览来展示环保产品和技术。Iammorethangladtoheartheideathatyouareplanningaclubactivitywiththethemeof“GreenBeijing”andherearemysuggestionsfortheevent.Thereisnodoubtthatorganisingacyclingtouraroundthecityisagoodchoice.Besides，thereisanothersuggestionthatyou(should)holdagreenfairorexhibitiontoshowenvironmentally-friendlyproductsandtechnologies.1．Hiscruelfuel①greatlyfueled②myemotion，soIgotonmycartogetawayfrommyhome.Butmycarlackedfuel③andImustimmediatelyfuel④mycar.Otherwisemycarwouldbreakdownhalfway.①n.刺激性言行②v.增强，刺激③n.燃料④v.给……加燃料2．Iplacedmytrunk①fullofdailynecessitiesintothetrunk②ofmycar；inthetropicaljunglesIwitnessedanelephantrestitstrunk③onthetrunk④ofatree.①n.大箱子②n.(汽车后部的)行李厢③n.象鼻④n.树干3．Thesmallboxcontains①ahandwrittenletterthatalwaysmakeshereyeswellup，butshemanagestocontain②hertears.①v.包含，容纳②v.抑制提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇1．Theclearinference(infer)isthatecologyhasbeendamagedinthisarea.2．Itiscrucially(crucial)importantthatwetakeactiontotackletheincident.3．MrWangisjustoneofthevictims，fromwhosehousesthieves(thief)stolesubstantialsumsofmoney.4．Withtheoldbookshelfcollectingthickdust，mymomstruggledtocopewiththetiringcleaningwork.5.Subsequently，Iwasinformedthatallthearticleswouldberestricted(restrict)to1,000words.6．Wecameacrosssomedifficultieswhenwewenthiking(hike)，butwewouldn’tgiveuphalfway.7．Theunmanneddeliveryrobothadtostoptemporarilybecauseapileoffallenleaveswasinitsway.8．Everyonepresenthasbeenstruckbyhisoptimism(optimistic)aboutthesituation.9．Helookedattheshopwindowwithgreedy(greed)eyesandapparently，hewantedmoretoys.10．Itisestimated(estimate)that80peoplehavebeenrescuedfromthecollapsedbuilding.Ifyouliveintheurbanareas，whenyouareexposedtostressbecauseoffiercecompetition，itiscrucialtocopewithit1.properly(proper)，otherwiseitwouldbringaboutsome2.terrifying(terrify)results.WheneverIfeeldown，Iwon’tstayindoorsandI’llgototheseasidesuburbasahiker3.toget(get)ridofmypressure.4.Exposed(expose)tothebluesky，freshairandflowersthatflourish，Itake5.agreedybreathtoeliminatemyinneranxiety.Duringthemonthlyhike，Iappreciatethestunningscenery,6.whichwipesoutmystress.Inthemeantime，mymentalconditionreactstothe7.surroundings(surround)actively.Igetbackmyoptimisticattitude8.to/towardslifeandworkandcanbringeverythingundercontrol，which9.fuels(fuel)metocommitmyselfto10.working(work)likebefore.假定你是某国际学校学生会主席李华，你校打算五一假期组织一次为期一天的野外生存训练。请你写一份英文口头通知，内容包括：1.活动的时间、地点；2.活动的意义；3.报名要求。完成句子1．我有一个好消息要告诉大家，5月2日将在西山进行为期一天的野外生存训练，以丰富我们的生活，使我们亲近大自然。(同位语从句)Ihaveapieceofgoodnewstosharewithyouthataone-daywildernesssurvivaltrainingisscheduledforMay2ndattheWestHilltoenrichourlifeandletusgetclosetonature.2．通过接触大自然，你不仅可以获得一些野外生存技能，还可以增强你的意志，培养你的团队精神。(beexposedto；倒装句)Bybeingexposedtonature，notonlycanyouacquiresomewildernesssurvivalskillsbutyoucanalsostrengthenyourwillandcultivateyourteamspirit.3．万一将来你去野外，你就不会被意想不到的事情吓坏了。(incase；beterrifiedof)Incaseyougotothewildinthefuture，youwillnotbeterrifiedofunexpectedmatters.4．如果你对此积极响应，请在本周末之前到学生会办公室报名。(reactto)Ifyoureacttoitpositively，pleasesignupattheStudents’Councilofficebeforetheendofthisweek.5．非常感谢你们的积极参与。(appreciate)Youractiveparticipationisgreatlyappreciated.组句成篇把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。参考范文NOTICEDearclassmates，mayIhaveyourattention，please？Ihaveapieceofgoodnewstosharewithyouthataone-daywildernesssurvivaltrainingisscheduledforMay2ndattheWestHilltoenrichourlifeandletusgetclosetonature.Bybeingexposedtonature，notonlycanyouacquiresomewildernesssurvivalskillsbutyoucanalsostrengthenyourwillandcultivateyourteamspirit.Incaseyougotothewildinthefuture，youwillnotbeterrifiedofunexpectedmatters.Ifyoureacttoitpositively，pleasesignupattheStudents’Councilofficebeforetheendofthisweek.Youractiveparticipationisgreatlyappreciated.Isincerelyhopethatyouwillhaveanicetimethere.TheStudents’Council语料积累动作细节描写：看(二)单词scan细看，察看，端详；浏览eye注视overlook俯瞰词块lookat看stareat注视，凝视glareat怒视looksbstraightintheeye/lookintoone’seyes直视某人的眼睛catchsightof看见lookaround环顾四周spyon暗中监视lookintothedistance眺望远方can’ttakeone’seyesoff目不转睛地注视fixone’seyeson/glueone’seyesto全神贯注于句型Shelookedintoherfather’seyesandansweredhisquestiontruthfully.她直视父亲的眼睛，诚实地回答了他的问题。Iheardsomeonefollowingme，andglancedaround，catchingsightofadarkfigureintheshadows.(现在分词短语作状语)我听到有人在跟踪我，便向四周瞥了一眼，看见黑暗中有个人影。Theyoungmanwasanxiouslyscanningthenewspaper，insearchofrecruitmentadvertisements.年轻人焦急地浏览着报纸，寻找招聘广告。Withhereyesfixedon/gluedtothephone，itwasnotuntilMrLipattedherontheshoulderthatsherealizedhewasstandinginfrontofher.(with复合结构)她目不转睛地盯着手机，直到李先生拍了拍她的肩膀，她才意识到他就站在她面前。Hehelpedherwipeawayhertearsandlookedherstraightintheeye，saying，“NeverwillIquarrelwithyouagain.”他帮她擦干眼泪，直视着她的眼睛说：“我再也不会和你吵架了。”语料运用荒野求生Afterthefiercequarrel，Janeglaredatherhusband，saying，“I’llfindabetterspotforustocamp.”Thenshestompedherfeetawayinarage.Aftershehadclimbedtoahighplace，she①lookedaroundandlookedintothedistance，onlytofindthatshewaslostintheterrifyingforest.②Withhereyesfixedontheground(with复合结构)，shestoodthereinterror，thinkingabouthowtocopewiththedilemma.Shesnuggledupnexttoabigtree，withleavesswayinginthenightwindandscaryhowlsofanimalsechoinginthedark.Shefellasleepunconsciously.Thenextmorningherhusbandfoundherdespitemanydifficulties.ThemomentJane③caughtsightofherhusband，shethrewherselfintohisarms.Hehelpedherwipeawayhertearsand④lookedherstraightintheeye，saying，“NeverwillIquarrelwithyouagain.”激烈的争吵之后，简怒视着丈夫说：“我去找个更好的地方露营。”然后她愤怒地跺着脚走开了。爬到高处后，她环顾四周，并眺望远方，却发现自己迷失在可怕的森林里。她两眼盯着地面，惊恐地站在那里，思考着该如何应对这种进退两难的局面。她依偎在一棵大树旁，树叶在夜风中摇曳，黑暗中回荡着动物可怕的嚎叫。她不知不觉地睡着了。第二天早上，她的丈夫不顾重重困难找到了她。简一看见丈夫，就扑进他怀里。他帮她擦干眼泪，直视着她的眼睛说：“我再也不会和你吵架了。”单元主题组合练(分值：62.5分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)AOnedayin1996，someoneateaburgerinAmsterdam.Perhapsaquickbiteafterwork?Afamilyouting?Thesedetailsarelosttotime，butothersarehardtoerasecompletely.ThemealleftapermanentmarkonthelocalenvironmentwhenaEurasiancoot(白冠鸡)foundthediscardedburgerwrapperanddecidedtouseittolineitsnest，whereitremained.“Itreallyshowsthatit’snotjustushumanswhoarewritinghistory，butalsothesebirdsaretakingnotesanddocumentingour①throwawaysociety，”saidthenestbiologistAuke-FlorianHiemstra，whohasbeenresearchingtheinfluenceoftheAnthropoceneeraonbirds’nestsinAmsterdam’scanals.Wheninvestigatingnestsinthecanals，hefoundavarietyofoldpackagingdiscardedfromtheearly1990suptolastyear.TheEurasiancootonlystartedmigratingtoAmsterdaminthelate1980s，andHiemstra’sfindingsofpackagingfrom1994couldshowtheentirelifespanandheritageofthespeciesinthearea.Whileabird’snestisusuallymadefromtwigs(细枝)andmoss，the②abundanceofplasticshasbeenhelpfulforbirdsinthecitywherenaturalitemsareinshortsupply.Hiemstrasaidtherewouldlikelybeareturnofnaturalnestsifpeoplefocusedonre-greeningcitiesandbringingnaturalwatervegetationback，butinthemeantime，thebirdsweresuccessfullyworkingwithwhattheyhad.“Forthecoots，ourlitterisnotawasteproductbutsomethingveryvaluable.Findingthesematerialsthatwerelittered30yearsago，yettheylookasfreshastheywerejustlitteredyesterday，reallygavemethechills.Ireallyhopewecanlearnsomethingfromthebirdstore-evaluatehowwethinkaboutourmaterials.Theseplasticsareawonderfulmaterial，yetweusethemforsingleuseandthrowthemaway，”Hiemstrasaid.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章通过讲述阿姆斯特丹的白冠鸡利用人类丢弃的塑料垃圾筑巢的现象，揭示了人类“一次性文化”对鸟类的影响，并呼吁重新评估塑料的使用方式。1．Whatdoesthewrapperinthecoot’snestindicate?A．Thedurabilityoffast-foodpackaging.B．Birds’preferenceforcolorfulmaterials.C．Thelong-lastingimpactoflitteronanimals.D．Birds’adaptationtoaworseningenvironment.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段中“ThemealleftapermanentmarkonthelocalenvironmentwhenaEurasiancoot(白冠鸡)foundthediscardedburgerwrapperanddecidedtouseittolineitsnest，whereitremained.”及第五段中“Findingthesematerialsthatwerelittered30yearsago，yettheylookasfreshastheywerejustlitteredyesterday，reallygavemethechills.”可知，包装纸在巢中长久留存，表明人类丢弃的垃圾对动物和环境产生了长期影响，由此可知，白冠鸡巢中的快餐包装纸暗示了垃圾对动物的持久影响。故选C。2．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebirdsinAmsterdam?A．Pioneeringnestbuilders.B．Witnessestourbanization.C．Victimsofplasticpollution.D．Resourcefulwasterecyclers.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第四段中“Whileabird’snestisusuallymadefromtwigs(细枝)andmoss，theabundanceofplasticshasbeenhelpfulforbirdsinthecitywherenaturalitemsareinshortsupply.”及第五段中“Forthecoots，ourlitterisnotawasteproductbutsomethingveryvaluable.”可知，阿姆斯特丹的鸟类将人类丢弃的塑料视为可用资源，巧妙地用于筑巢，展现出废弃物利用的能力，由此可知，最能描述阿姆斯特丹鸟类的是“足智多谋的废物回收者”。故选D。3．WhatdothecootsremindpeopletodoaccordingtoHiemstra?A．Clearupthecanals.B．Protectbirdhabitats.C．Reuseplasticswisely.D．Expandgreenspace.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第五段中希姆斯特的表述“Ireallyhopewecanlearnsomethingfromthebirdstore-evaluatehowwethinkaboutourmaterials.Theseplasticsareawonderfulmaterial，yetweusethemforsingleuseandthrowthemaway”可知，他认为人类应借鉴鸟类对塑料的“再利用”方式，重新审视塑料的价值，避免一次性使用，由此可知，白冠鸡提醒人们要明智地重复利用塑料。故选C。4．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．PlasticWaste:AHiddenThreattoBirdsB．BirdNests:AMirrorofThrowawayCultureC．EurasianCoots:ACreativeArchitectinNatureD．Man-madeItems:ASilentDriverofNestChanges答案B解析标题归纳题。文章开篇以白冠鸡用包装纸筑巢为例，强调鸟类将人类随手丢弃的垃圾用于筑巢，这些巢穴留存着人类丢弃文化的痕迹，就像一面镜子映照出人类一次性消费的生活方式，因此选项B“BirdNests:AMirrorofThrowawayCulture”精准概括了文章核心，能体现鸟巢与人类丢弃文化的关联，适合作为标题。故选B。语境猜词①throwaway(合)＝throw＋awayadj.一次性使用的②abundance(派)＝abundan(t)＋cen．大量，丰富B(2025·山东二模)Chocolateisapopularsnack，butthepriceofitcontinuestorise.Cocoafromthecacaotreeisthebasicingredientofchocolate;thetreesthriveinwarmanddampclimatesbutarestrugglingduetoincreasingaridity—aslowbutnon-stopdryingoftheland.Thisissueextendstoproducersaroundtheglobe，threateningcocoaproductionandlivelihoodsoffarmers.Overthepast30years，morethanthree-quartersoftheEarth’slandmasshasbecomedrier.Thisdrynessisalong-termtransformationwith①disastrousconsequencesforecosystems，agriculture，andlivelihoods.Aridityarisesfromhuman-drivenfactors，includinggreenhousegasemissions，unsustainablelanduse，andnaturalresourcedegradation.Climatechange，primarilycausedbyfossilfuelconsumptionanddeforestation，increasesglobaltemperatures，acceleratingevaporation(蒸发)and②heighteningwatershortage—eveninregionswithmoderaterainfall.Unsustainablelandusefurtherintensifiesaridity.Practiceslikedeforestationandindustrialfarmingdegradesoils，removingthemfromprotectivevegetationandessentialnutrients.Incocoa-producingregions，deforestationupsetslocalwatercyclesandwearsawaythetopsoil.Degradedsoilsholdlesswater，deepeningdroughtconditions.Cocoaisjustonecropatrisk.Majoragriculturalzonesarealsoaffected.By2100，upto5billionpeoplemayliveindrylands，stretchingfoodsystemstotheirlimitandforcingmigration.Aridityalsothreatensecosystems.Wildlifestrugglestoadapt，andplantspeciessuitedtowarmanddampconditionsfailtosurvive.Economiclossesare③overwhelming—Africasawa12%GDPdeclinefrom1990to2015duetorisingaridity.Governmentsfaceadditionalburdensfromsandstorms，wildfires，andwatershortages.Whilearidity’seffectsaresevere，theyarenotentirelychangeless.Restoringdegradedlands，improvingsoilhealth，andadoptingsustainablefarmingpracticescanhelp.Efficientwatermanagement，investmentinrenewableenergy，andinternationalcooperationareessentialinbattlingaridity.Aschocolatepriceshitrecordhighsinearly2025duetodryconditionsinAfrica，addressingaridityisamatterofurgency.Beyondsavingchocolate，it’saboutpreservingtheplanet’sabilitytosustainlife.语篇解读这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了全球干旱化导致巧克力价格上涨，并加剧对可可种植、农业生产及生态系统的威胁；指出干旱化不仅是巧克力危机，也同时威胁农业、生态系统和生计，同时提出土地修复、可持续农业、资源管理以及国际合作是对抗干旱的有效措施。5．What’sthemainreasonfortherisingpriceofchocolate?A．Thedeclineofcocoaproduction.B．Thehighcostofbasicingredients.C．Theincreasingdemandforchocolate.D．Theshortageofcocoatreeplantations.答案A解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“...thetreesthriveinwarmanddampclimatesbutarestrugglingduetoincreasingaridity—aslowbutnon-stopdryingoftheland.Thisissueextendstoproducersaroundtheglobe，threateningcocoaproductionandlivelihoodsoffarmers.”可知，土地逐渐变得干旱使得巧克力的原料来源可可树的生长状况面临困境，从而导致可可的产量减少，最终导致巧克力价格上涨。故选A。6．Whatdoweknowaboutaridity?A．Itismainlycausedbynaturalfactors.B．Itonlyaffectscocoa-producingregions.C．Ithasawide-rangingimpactonvariousaspects.D．Itwilldisappearifsustainablelanduseisadopted.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容中“Thisdrynessisalong-termtransformationwithdisastrousconsequencesforecosystems，agriculture，andlivelihoods.”可知，干旱的影响不仅限于单一区域或作物，而是广泛涉及生态系统、农业、生计等多方面。故选C。7．WhyisAfrica’sGDPdeclinementionedinparagraph5?A．ToshowaridityonlycauseseconomiclossesinAfrica.B．ToproveAfricaisthemostseverelyaffectedbyaridity.C．TocriticizeAfricalackseffectivemeasuresagainstaridity.D．Toillustratearidityhasasignificantinfluenceoneconomy.答案D解析推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容中“Economiclossesareoverwhelming—Africasawa12%GDPdeclinefrom1990to2015duetorisingaridity.”可知，导致非洲的国内生产总值下降的原因之一是干旱加剧，由此推知，作者以非洲的GDP下降为例是为了说明干旱对经济的显著影响。故选D。8．Whichofthefollowingcanfightagainstaridity?A．Cuttingoffwatersupplies.B．Replacingrenewableenergy.C．Promotingsoilconservation.D．Practicingindustrialfarming.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第六段内容中“Restoringdegradedlands，improvingsoilhealth，andadoptingsustainablefarmingpracticescanhelp.Efficientwatermanagement，investmentinrenewableenergy，andinternationalcooperationareessentialinbattlingaridity.”可知，缓解或对抗干旱问题的方式有恢复退化的土地、改善土壤质量、采用可持续的耕作方式、进行有效的水资源管理、对可再生能源投资以及国际合作。因此可知，选项C“Promotingsoilconservation.(促进土壤保护)”是对抗干旱的措施。故选C。语境猜词①disastrous(派)＝disast(er)＋rousadj.灾难性的②heighten(派)＝height＋env．提高，增强③overwhelming(派)＝overwhelm＋ingadj.巨大的，压倒性的Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)Intuition(直觉力)isasurvivalskillthatassistsyouinavoidingdangerandmakingnewdiscoveries.Tuningintoyourintuitioncanenableyoutounderstandyourselfbetter.1Intuitionisaquietvoicewithinyourmindthattellsyouwhensomethingisrightorwrong.It’salsoknownasa“gutfeeling”—forexamplewhenyouknowyou’llbefriendswithsomeonebeforeyou’veevenspokentothem.AuthorBeatriceMoisedescribesintuitionas“anawarenessofyoursenses，thefeelingofbutterfliesinyourstomachorsuddenlybeingawareofyourheartbeatorbreathing”．Intuitionoccurswhenyourbraincompareswhat’sgoingonaroundyouwithexperiencesstoredinyourmemories.2Thisexplainswhyyouoccasionallymake①speedydecisionsthatappearfromnowhere.3Listeningtoyourintuitionandgutfeelingsinvolvestrustingyourjudgement.Thishelpsyoubybuildingconfidence，whichmakesiteasiertofacechallengesanddiscoverwhatyou’regoodat.Trustingyourgutfeelingsmeansyoucanrecognizewhenpeopleorplacesmakeyouuncomfortableandhelpskeepyousafe.4Therefore，onlytakeachanceonthingsthataresafeandfamiliar，likechoosingfuningredientsforacake.Youshouldhaveafull②recognitionofyourintuition，whichmeanspayingattentiontowhatyourbodyfeelsandwhatyourheadthinks.Trynoticinghowyourbodybehaveswhenyou’redelighted，likegoingonholidayorseeingfriends.Thiscanhelpguideyouinmakingdecisions.5Didyouhaveanyfeelingsthatthingsweren’tgoingyourway?Ifsomethingmakesyoufeeltenseoruncomfortable，don’tdoitorwaitunt