2026年广东省部编版高中英语高三下册第5章阅读理解专项训练习题

2026年广东省部编版高中英语高三下册第5章阅读理解专项训练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Inthepassage,theword"pivotal"isclosestinmeaningto______.A.essentialB.optionalC.controversialD.predictable（解析：根据第5章单元主题“GlobalChallengesandSolutions”，pivotal意为“关键的”，与单元中强调的“关键性解决方案”概念一致。选项B、C、D分别意为“可选的”“有争议的”“可预测的”，均与原文语境不符。正确答案为A，需结合上下文理解关键词的语义功能。）2.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whatisthemainreasonforthedeclineintraditionalindustries?A.TechnologicaladvancementsB.GovernmentpoliciesC.ConsumerpreferencesD.Environmentalconcerns（解析：题干指向第5章“EconomicTransformation”部分，第二段明确指出“theriseofautomationanddigitalizationhasdisruptedtraditionalmanufacturingsectors”，即技术进步是主因。选项B、C、D虽为影响因素，但非核心原因。正确答案为A，需分析段落逻辑关系。）3.Theauthorofthearticlesuggeststhatsustainabledevelopmentrequires______.A.immediateeconomicgrowthB.strictenvironmentalregulationsC.globalcooperationD.reducedindustrialoutput（解析：结合第5章“SustainableDevelopmentGoals”主题，第三段强调“nosinglecountrycansolveclimatechangealone”，暗指国际合作必要性。选项A、B、D片面，正确答案为C，需把握单元核心观点。）4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"adouble-edgedsword"inthefourthparagraphimply?A.ApositiveandnegativeeffectB.ApurelynegativeimpactC.AneutraloutcomeD.Atemporarysolution（解析：根据单元“TechnologicalImpact”内容，该短语常用于描述科技的双重性。选项B、C、D均忽略“双刃剑”的辩证含义，正确答案为A，需结合上下文理解比喻修辞。）5.Thepassageismostlikelywrittenfor______.A.highschoolstudentsB.businessprofessionalsC.environmentalactivistsD.governmentofficials（解析：第5章“ReadingDifferentTexts”部分强调跨学科阅读，文章结构严谨，适合专业人士。选项A、C、D受众过窄，正确答案为B，需分析文本的学术性和专业性。）6.Accordingtothefifthparagraph,whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardrenewableenergy?A.SkepticalB.IndifferentC.SupportiveD.Uncertain（解析：结合单元“RenewableEnergySources”主题，第五段列举太阳能和风能的优势，表明积极态度。选项A、B、D与文意相反，正确答案为C，需把握作者立场。）7.Theword"mitigate"inthesixthparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.worsenB.reduceC.ignoreD.replace（解析：根据单元“EnvironmentalChallenges”内容，mitigate意为“减轻”，与段落中“reducingcarbonemissions”语义一致。选项A、C、D与词义无关，正确答案为B，需注意上下文动词搭配。）8.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheseventhparagraph?A.TointroduceanewtopicB.ToprovidestatisticsC.TosummarizeargumentsD.Togiveexamples（解析：第5章“DevelopingArguments”部分强调段落功能，第七段通过具体案例论证观点，属于举例说明。选项A、B、C偏离段落作用，正确答案为D，需分析段落结构。）9.Thepassagementions"theParisAgreement"to______.A.criticizeinternationalpoliciesB.highlightglobalcooperationC.suggesteconomicbenefitsD.warnaboutclimaterisks（解析：结合单元“GlobalEnvironmentalAgreements”主题，提及巴黎协定旨在强调国际合作。选项A、C、D片面，正确答案为B，需把握文本信息来源。）10.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggestaboutthefutureofeducation?A.ItwillbecomemoretraditionalB.ItwillfocusonlyontechnologyC.ItwillemphasizecriticalthinkingD.Itwillreducephysicalinteraction（解析：根据第5章“EducationfortheFuture”内容，段落强调培养创新能力，与选项C一致。选项A、B、D与单元主题矛盾，正确答案为C，需理解段落隐含趋势。）二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thearticlearguesthatsustainablecitiesneed______toreducepollution.（参考答案：publictransportationsystems；解析：第5章“UrbanSustainability”部分明确指出公共交通可降低碳排放，需填具体解决方案。）2.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,technologicalinnovationcan______economicgrowth.（参考答案：boost；解析：单元“EconomicTransformation”中提到“technologicalprogressboostsproductivity”，填动词原形作谓语。）3.Thephrase"ameltingpot"inthefourthparagraphreferstoaplacewhere______.（参考答案：differentculturesmixtogether；解析：单元“CulturalDiversity”主题解释了文化融合现象，需填名词短语作表语。）4.Theauthorsuggeststhatrenewableenergysourcescan______fossilfuels.（参考答案：replace；解析：第5章“RenewableEnergySources”中对比了传统能源与新能源，填动词原形作谓语。）5.Theword"alleviate"inthesixthparagraphmeans______problems.（参考答案：reduce；解析：单元“EnvironmentalChallenges”部分解释了缓解环境问题的概念，填动词原形作宾语补足语。）6.Thepassagementions"theUnitedNations"to______.（参考答案：showinternationalefforts；解析：单元“GlobalEnvironmentalAgreements”中强调多边合作，填动词不定式表目的。）7.Accordingtotheseventhparagraph,educationinthefuturewill______.（参考答案：focusoncreativity；解析：第5章“EducationfortheFuture”部分指出创新能力的培养，填动词原形作谓语。）8.Theunderlinedword"volatile"inthefifthparagraphdescribessomethingthatis______.（参考答案：unstable；解析：单元“EconomicFluctuations”中解释了经济波动的特征，填形容词作定语修饰名词。）9.Thearticleimpliesthatsustainabledevelopmentrequires______fromallcountries.（参考答案：cooperation；解析：单元“SustainableDevelopmentGoals”部分强调共同责任，填名词作宾语。）10.Thelastparagraphsuggeststhatfuturejobswilldemandmore______skills.（参考答案：digitalliteracy；解析：第5章“FutureWorkforce”中提到数字化技能的重要性，填名词短语作宾语。）三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thepassagesupportstheideathattechnologicalprogressalwaysleadstoeconomicgrowth.（参考答案：False；解析：第5章“TechnologicalImpact”部分指出科技可能带来失业问题，并非绝对正面。）2.Accordingtothearticle,allcitiesshouldcompletelyeliminatetraditionalindustries.（参考答案：False；解析：单元“EconomicTransformation”中建议逐步转型，而非完全淘汰。）3.Theauthorbelievesthatrenewableenergyistheonlysolutiontoclimatechange.（参考答案：False；解析：第5章“RenewableEnergySources”强调多种措施并行，而非单一方案。）4.Thephrase"adouble-edgedsword"suggeststhattechnologyhasnonegativeeffects.（参考答案：False；解析：单元“TechnologicalImpact”部分明确科技具有两面性，需辩证看待。）5.Thepassageiswritteninaformaltonetopersuadereaderstoadoptsustainablehabits.（参考答案：True；解析：第5章“ReadingDifferentTexts”部分强调学术性论证，符合正式文体。）6.Theauthorthinksthateducationshouldfocusmoreonmemorizationthancriticalthinking.（参考答案：False；解析：第5章“EducationfortheFuture”部分反对死记硬背，强调创新能力。）7.Theword"mitigate"inthesixthparagraphmeanstomakeproblemsworse.（参考答案：False；解析：单元“EnvironmentalChallenges”中解释了缓解问题的概念，与题干相反。）8.Thepassagementions"theParisAgreement"tocriticizeinternationalcooperation.（参考答案：False；解析：第5章“GlobalEnvironmentalAgreements”部分肯定了该协议的意义。）9.Thelastparagraphsuggeststhatfuturejobswillrequirelessinteractionbetweenpeople.（参考答案：True；解析：单元“FutureWorkforce”中提到远程协作减少面对面交流。）10.Thearticleimpliesthatsustainablecitiesshouldavoidallformsofpollution.（参考答案：False；解析：第5章“UrbanSustainability”部分建议控制而非完全消除污染。）四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainhowtechnologicalinnovationcanbothhelpandharmtheeconomy.（参考答案：Technologicalinnovationboostsproductivitybutmaycausejobdisplacement.Forexample,automationinfactoriesreduceslabordemandbutincreasesefficiency.Thekeyisbalancingprogresswithsocialwelfare.)2.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheroleofeducationinthefuture?（参考答案：Educationshouldfocusoncriticalthinkingandcreativity,notjustmemorization.Futurejobswillrequireadaptabilityandproblem-solvingskills,asemphasizedinthelastparagraph.)3.Describethemainideaofthefifthparagraph.（参考答案：Thefifthparagraphdiscussesrenewableenergysourceslikesolarandwindpower,highlightingtheiradvantagesoverfossilfuels,suchasloweremissionsandsustainability.)4.Whydoestheauthormention"theParisAgreement"inthepassage?（参考答案：TheauthorusestheParisAgreementtoillustrateglobaleffortsinaddressingclimatechange,showingthatinternationalcooperationisessentialforsustainabledevelopment.)5.Whatisthemeaningofthephrase"ameltingpot"inthecontextofthearticle?（参考答案：Inthecontextofculturaldiversity,"ameltingpot"referstoasocietywheredifferentculturesblendtogether,creatinganew,unifiedculture.)6.Howdoesthepassagedescribethechallengesofurbansustainability?（参考答案：Thepassagementionspollution,resourcedepletion,andsocialinequalityasurbansustainabilitychallenges,requiringintegratedsolutionslikegreenbuildingsandpublictransport.)7.Whatdoestheword"volatile"inthesixthparagraphsuggestabouttheeconomy?（参考答案："Volatile"impliesinstabilityineconomicconditions,suchasfluctuatingmarketsorunpredictablegrowth,whichbusinessesmustnavigate.)8.Whydoestheauthorbelievethatsustainabledevelopmentrequiresglobalcooperation?（参考答案：Sustainabledevelopmentinvolvescomplexissueslikeclimatechangeandresourcescarcity,whichnosinglecountrycansolvealone,necessitatinginternationalcollaboration.)五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.CaseStudy:Acityplanstobuildanewindustrialzone.Thegovernmentofferstaxincentivestocompaniesusingrenewableenergy.Whatarethepotentialbenefitsanddrawbacksofthispolicy?（参考答案：Benefits:reducespollution,attractseco-friendlybusinesses,createsgreenjobs.Drawbacks:highinitialcosts,relianceontechnology,potentialjoblossesintraditionalindustries.)2.Astudentreadsanarticleabout"thefutureofwork"inthefifthchapter.Theauthorarguesthatdigitalliteracywillbeessential.Howcanschoolspreparestudentsforthistrend?（参考答案：Schoolscanintegratecoding,AI,anddataanalysisintocurricula,offerworkshopsondigitaltools,andencourageproject-basedlearningtodeveloppracticalskills.)3.Thepassagementions"culturaldiversity"asakeyaspectofsustainablecities.Howcancitiespromoteculturalintegrationwithoutlosinguniqueidentities?（参考答案：Citiescanestablishmulticulturalprograms,supportlocaltraditions,andcreateinclusivepublicspaceswherediversecommunitiesinteractrespectfully.)4.Acompanywantstoadoptrenewableenergybutfaceshighinvestmentcosts.Whatstrategiescouldhelpthemovercomethischallenge?（参考答案：Thecompanycouldseekgovernmentsubsidies,formpartnershipswithenergyproviders,orstartwithsmall-scaleprojectstograduallyreducerelianceonfossilfuels.)5.Thearticlediscusses"economictransformation"andtheshiftfrommanufacturingtoservices.Whatskillsshouldworkersdeveloptoadapttothischange?（参考答案：Workersshouldimprovecommunication,creativity,andadaptability,asemphasizedintheseventhparagraph,tothriveinservice-orientedeconomies.)6.Acitystruggleswithairpollutionfromtraffic.Thegovernmentproposesexpandingpublictransportation.Whatadditionalmeasurescouldcomplementthispolicy?（参考答案：Thecitycouldalsoimplementcongestioncharges,promoteelectricvehicles,andplantmoretreestofurtherreducepollution.)7.Thepassagementions"theParisAgreement"anditsgoalsforclimateaction.Whatrolecanindividualsplayinsupportingthesegoals?（参考答案：Individualscanreducecarbonfootprintsbyusingpublictransport,conservingenergy,andsupportingsustainableproducts,contributingtoglobalefforts.)8.Ateacherwantstoteach"criticalthinking"tohighschoolstudentsbasedonthefifthchapter.Whatactivitiescouldtheyuseintheclassroom?（参考答案：Theteachercandesigndebatesonsustainabilityissues,analyzecasestudies,orencouragestudentstoevaluateargumentsfromdifferentperspectives.)【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.A3.C4.A5.B6.C7.B8.D9.B10.C（解析：每题均需结合单元主题和段落语境，注意关键词的语义功能。）二、填空题1.publictransportationsystems2.boost3.differentculturesmixtogether4.replace5.reduce6.showinternationalefforts7.focusoncreativity8.unstable9.cooperation10.digitalliteracy（解析：填空题需准确把握单元核心词汇和概念，注意语法结构。）三、判断题1.F2.F3.F4.F5.T6.F7.F8.F9.T10.F（解析：判断题需根据单元观点和段落信息，判断正误并说明理由。）四、简答题1.参考答案：Technologicalinnovationboostsproductivitybutmaycausejobdisplacement.Forexample,automationinfactoriesreduceslabordemandbutincreasesefficiency.Thekeyisbalancingprogresswithsocialwelfare.（解析：需结合单元“TechnologicalImpact”内容，辩证分析利弊。）2.参考答案：Educationshouldfocusoncriticalthinkingandcreativity,notjustmemorization.Futurejobswillrequireadaptabilityandproblem-solvingskills,asemphasizedinthelastparagraph.（解析：需把握单元“EducationfortheFuture”主题，理解未来教育趋势。）3.参考答案：Thefifthparagraphdiscussesrenewableenergysourceslikesolarandwindpower,highlightin