广东海珠区2027届高三9月开学摸底区统考综合练习（一）英语试题（含解析）

2027届高三综合练习（一）英语本练习共10页，满分120分。作答用时120分钟。注意事项：1．作答前，学生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写学校、姓名、学生号、教室号及座位号，并用2B铅笔填涂学生号。因笔试不考听力，选择题从第二部分的“阅读”开始，练习序号从“21”开始。2．作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上将对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在练习上。3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4．学生必须保证答题卡的整洁。作答结束后，将练习和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAssummerdrawson,manyfamiliesmaystartwonderingaboutback-to-school-relatedexpenses,includingschoollunchcosts.Tofindoutwhatfamiliesmaybefacing,weexaminedfouryearsoflunch-relatedfoodprices.DifferentLunches,DifferentCostsAsthechartshows,lunchcostsvarybasedonwhatispacked,andthereisnoone-size-fits-allbrown-baglunchthesedays.Basedonourcalculations,theaveragedailycostacrossthefouroptionsisUS$6.15.Forcomparison,caregiverssurveyedconsideredUS$6.84anappropriatedailypriceforachild’slunch.Althoughtheclassiclunchisstillthecheapestofthefouroptions,itspricerosethemostin2025,by6%,drivenbyhigherpricesforapples,jelly,andsingle-servemilkcartons(盒装牛奶).PackedLunchesStayPopularPartofwhatmaydrivethechoiceofwheretoobtainlunchiseconomics.Pricescanvarybyschoollevel(elementary,middle,orhighschool)andregion,butatanaverageofjustaboutUS$3.00,thelistpriceforaschool-providedlunchcanbelessthanhalfthecostofbringingone.However,eventhoughschool-providedlunchesarealmostalwayscheaper,about4in10(42%)respondents’kidsbringlunchfromhome.WhyPackedLunchesAppealSurveyresultssuggestwhy.Amongcaregiverswhosechildrenbroughtlunchfromhome,69%thoughtittastedbetterthancafeteriafood,while63%believeditofferedbettervalueand52%morevariety.Healthisanotherreason,with70%ofrespondentsconsideringpackedluncheshealthierandmorenutritiousthanschool-providedones.1.Whatdocaregiversconsiderareasonabledailylunchprice?A.Around$3.00. B.About$6.84.C.Lessthan$5.98. D.$6.15onaverage.2.Whichpackedlunchrosetheleastinprice?A.Classiclunch. B.Conveniencelunch.C.Contemporarylunch. D.Health&wellnesslunch.3.Whatdoesthesurveysuggestaboutfamilies’lunchchoices?A.Familiesvaluemorethanjustprice.B.Schoollunchesarebecominglesspopular.C.Mostfamiliesprefercheaperlunchoptions.D.Packedlunchesappealmainlyfortheirtaste.【答案】1.B2.D3.A【解析】【导语】文章介绍返校自带午餐成本的相关调查。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Forcomparison,caregiverssurveyedconsideredUS$6.84anappropriatedailypriceforachild’slunch.(相比之下，受访家长认为孩子午餐每日合理价格为6.84美元)”可知，家长认为合理的每日午餐价格大约是6.84美元。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据图表Packedlunchmenu板块信息：Classicday涨幅+6%YoY，Convenienceday涨幅+2%YoY，Health&wellnessday涨幅+1%YoY，Contemporaryday涨幅+2%YoY。对比可知，Health&wellnesslunch价格涨幅最小。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Amongcaregiverswhosechildrenbroughtlunchfromhome,69%thoughtittastedbetterthancafeteriafood,while63%believeditofferedbettervalueand52%morevariety.Healthisanotherreason,with70%ofrespondentsconsideringpackedluncheshealthierandmorenutritiousthanschool-providedones.(孩子自带午餐的受访家长中，69%认为自带午餐味道更好，63%认为性价比更高，52%认为品类更丰富。健康是另一大原因，70%受访者认为自带午餐比学校食堂午餐更健康、营养更丰富)”可知，家长选择自带午餐，除价格之外，还会考虑口味、种类、健康等多重因素，家庭在选择午餐时看重的不只是价格。BDaryl,aspeciallytrainedrescuedog,oweshisreputationtoanunusualgift:theabilitytopickupfaint,days-oldscents(气味)hiddenwithinthickwildbushes.InlateJuly,thesix-year-olddogfacedatestthatwouldpushthisgifttoitslimit:locating13-year-oldCodyTrenkleJr.,whohaddisappearedforoverthreedays.Codyhadheadedoutonhisskateboardtoafriend’shome.Securitycamerascapturedhimpassingby,withnofurthercluesafterward.Investigatorsguessedhehadlostcontrolofhisboardandfelldownadeep,tree-coveredvalley.Sufferingheadinjuryandpartialconsciousness,Codydraggedhimselfintoshadedbushestoescapetheburningheat,hundredsofyardsoffanyroad.Hoursslippedbybeforehisfamilyrealizedhewasmissing.Relatives,firefightersandlocalresidentslaunchedawide-ranginggroundsearchyetfailedtocombthevalley’sdeep,isolatedareas.Meanwhile,unconfirmedreportsspreadthattheboyhadbeenseenindistanttowns.Thoughhismother,Stephanierefusedtobelievethem,shecouldnotshakeofftheworstfear:thelongeritwenton,themoreshehadtoprepareforthepossibilityoffindingherson’sbody.WhenCody’sskateboardwaseventuallyspottedatthevalleyedge,officialscalledinGillamandhisteam.Gillamreceivedthecallwithmixedfeelings.“Look,giventhethree-day-oldscenttrack,Icouldmakenopromises,”hetoldtheofficer.Buttheskateboardgavethemasolidstartingpoint,andhisteamwouldsparenoefforttobringCodyhome.HeselectedDarylforthetoughmission,forthedogperformedbestunderhotconditionsandonagedscenttracks.FollowingDaryl’slead,rescuersmadetheirwaydeepintodampwoodsandfoundCody.Severelydehydrated(脱水)andbadlyhurt,hebarelypossessedstrengthtospeak.Doctorscommentedthatonlyafewmorehoursaloneinthewildernesswouldhavecosthimhislife.Afterweeksofrecoveryfrombraininjury,Codyvisitedtherescuecentertoexpresshisgratitudetothefour-leggedherowhohadgivenhimasecondchanceatlife.4.WhywasDarylchosentosearchforCody?A.Hewasveryfamiliarwiththearea.B.Hewaschosentotesthisunusualgift.C.Hewasskilledattrackingdays-oldscents.D.Hehadthebestreputationintherescueunit.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”refertoinparagraph3?A.Theunconfirmedreports. B.Thedistanttowns.C.Thelocalresidents. D.Thesearchingofficials.6.WhatcanweinferfromGillam’swordsonthephone?A.Hewasamanwhomadenopromises.B.Thesmellsmightbetooweaktotrack.C.Heneededmoretimetoassessthesituation.D.Thelandscapemightmaketrackingdifficult.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ADangerousSkateboardingAccident.B.ASharp-nosedHeroSavesaTeenager.C.AMotherPersistsinWaitingForHerSon.D.AToughRescueMissioninaRemoteValley.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.B【解析】【导语】本文讲述了搜救犬Daryl凭借追踪陈旧气味的特殊能力，成功搜救失踪三日的受伤少年Cody的暖心故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“theabilitytopickupfaint,days-oldscentshiddenwithinthickwildbushes(能够捕捉藏匿在茂密野生灌木丛中、微弱且留存数日的气味)”以及第四段“HeselectedDarylforthetoughmission,forthedogperformedbestunderhotconditionsandonagedscenttracks(他挑选达里尔执行这项艰巨的任务，因为这只搜救犬在高温环境下、追踪陈旧气味痕迹的表现最为出色)”可知，Daryl擅长追踪留存数日的陈旧气味，因此被选中执行搜救任务。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Meanwhile,unconfirmedreportsspreadthattheboyhadbeenseenindistanttowns.Thoughhismother,Stephanie,refusedtobelievethem(与此同时，有未经证实的传言称有人在偏远小镇看到了这个男孩。但他的母亲斯蒂芬妮并不相信它们)”可知，此处的代词them指代前文出现的未经证实的传言。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Look,giventhethree-day-oldscenttrack,Icouldmakenopromises(你要知道，气味痕迹已经留存三天了，我无法保证一定能搜救成功)”可知，气味已经留存三天，变得十分微弱，很难追踪，因此Gillam无法保证搜救成功。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章核心围绕嗅觉灵敏的搜救犬Daryl展开，讲述了它克服困难、成功营救少年的事迹，“嗅觉灵敏的英雄拯救少年”最贴合全文主旨，适合用作标题。CSayyou’reataparty,someexchangesarequitepleasant,whileothersareexhausting.Thenyoumeetsomeonewithwhomyouinstantlyconnect.Theconversationfeelseffortless.Youfindyourselfsayingthingslike“Yes!”and“Exactly!”.Themysterybehindwhyweclickwithsomepeoplebutnotothershasrecentlydrawnscientists’attention.Researchesshowthatwhenwesocialize,wenotonlymirroreachother’sbehaviorsbutalsosync(同步)ourphysicalstatesandevenbrainpatterns.Neuroscientistscallthis“interpersonalsynchrony(同频).”Youcanthinkofitasanunconscioussignalthathelpsusunderstandwhethersomeoneisafriendornot.“Wearewiredtounderstandothersthroughinformationthatdoesnotrequireconsciousthought,suchastheirmovements,expressions,andemotions.”saysDr.EliskaProchazkova,aresearcheratLeidenUniversity.Sowhatshouldwemakeofallthis?Giventhedynamic,subconsciousandautonomicnatureofinterpersonalsynchrony,weshouldallprobablygiveourselvesabreakifwecannotclaimtolikeeveryonewemeet.Afterall,thisissimplythenaturalorderofthings.“IfI’msyncingwithyou,Icanunderstandandrespondtoyoumoreeasily,”saysDr.OliverWilder,aresearcheratMIT’sAffectiveComputingGroup.“Whenweareoutofsync,”hesays,“thebrainhastoworkhardertocorrectitspredictions,makingsocialinteractionsgenuinelymorelaborious.”Thatiswhy,whenyoudoclickwithsomeone,theconnectionissospecialthatitdeservesyourattentionandcare.However,synchronycanalsobecometoomuch—suchaswhenyourpartner’sstressmakesyoustressed,andyoubothbecomeincreasinglyupsetuntilabigargumentbreaksout.Thekeyinsuchsituationsistobecomeawarethatyoumaybeunconsciouslymirroringtheotherperson’semotions.Onceyounoticeit,simpleactionssuchasdeepeningyourbreathing,changingyourpostureandrelaxingyourfacialmusclescangraduallychangetherhythmoftheinteraction,oftenencouragingtheotherpersontocalmdownaswell.“It’syournaturalhumantendencytosyncwithsomeoneelse,”saysDr.RichardPalumbo,aSynchronyresearcher.“What’snotsonaturalisbeingawareofit.”Sometimesweneedtodisconnecttoadjustourselves,andstaytruetowhoweare.However,therelationshipsthatlastarestilltheoneswhereyouareinsyncmorethanyouarenot.Graceislearningtoridethetide.8.Whydoestheauthorbeginthepassagewithapartyscene?A.Totellsurprisespartiespotentiallyprovide.B.Toillustratethevarietyofsocialconnections.C.Tointroducethetopicthroughafamiliarscene.D.Tohighlighttheexcitementtoclickwithsomeone.9.Whatarescientiststryingtounderstand?A.Theprocessofmirroringothers’behaviors. B.Thetypesofsignalsforunderstandingothers.C.Thephenomenonofclickingwithsomepeople. D.Thereasonbehindpeople’sspecialconnections.10.WhatdoesDr.Wilder’sexplanationmainlysupport?A.Thebrainworksharderwhenpeopleareoutofsync.B.Self-blameoverdifficultconnectionsisunnecessary.C.Specialconnectionsarethekeytocloserelationships.D.Interpersonalsynchronyisautonomicandconscious.11.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“ridethetide”inparagraph5?A.Beingawareofunconsciousemotionalmirroring.B.Takingactionstoavoidtoomuchsynchronication.C.Followingthenaturalrhythmofeveryinteration.D.Managingsynchronywhileremainingtruetooneself.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.D【解析】【导语】文章介绍人际同频现象，解释投缘的原理，指出同频过度的弊端，提出要在保持自我的基础上把握人际同步。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Sayyou’reataparty,someexchangesarequitepleasant,whileothersareexhausting.Thenyoumeetsomeonewithwhomyouinstantlyconnect.Theconversationfeelseffortless.Youfindyourselfsayingthingslike“Yes!”and“Exactly!”.(假设你参加了一个聚会，有些交流非常愉快，而另一些则令人疲惫。然后你遇到了一个与你立刻产生共鸣的人，对话感觉轻松自然，你会不自觉地脱口而出“是的！”“完全正确！”)”以及第二段“Themysterybehindwhyweclickwithsomepeoplebutnotothershasrecentlydrawnscientists’attention.(最近，科学家们开始关注我们为何会和一些人投缘，却和另一些人合不来这一谜团)”可知，作者通过一个熟悉的场景来引出主题。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Themysterybehindwhyweclickwithsomepeoplebutnotothershasrecentlydrawnscientists’attention.(最近，科学家们开始关注我们为何会和一些人投缘，却和另一些人合不来这一谜团)”可知，科学家们试图了解人们之间特殊联系背后的原因。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Giventhedynamic,subconsciousandautonomicnatureofinterpersonalsynchrony,weshouldallprobablygiveourselvesabreakifwecannotclaimtolikeeveryonewemeet.Afterall,thisissimplythenaturalorderofthings.(鉴于人际同步具有动态性、潜意识性和自主性，如果我们无法自己喜欢所遇到的每一个人，或许我们都该给自己一点时间。毕竟这是事物的自然规律)”可知，怀尔德博士的解释主要支持了对困难关系的自我归咎是不必要的。【11题详解】词句猜测题。根据第五段“Sometimesweneedtodisconnecttoadjustourselves,andstaytruetowhoweare.However,therelationshipsthatlastarestilltheoneswhereyouareinsyncmorethanyouarenot.(有时候我们需要暂时断开联系，调整自己，以保持真实。然而，真正持久的关系，往往是你与对方更加默契、而非不和谐的那些关系)”可知，故划线词意思是“是在保持忠于自我的前提下合理把控人际同频的状态”。DWhileit’swidelyknownthatchewingmoreimprovesdigestion,researchsuggestsitmayalsosupportbrainhealthandpotentiallyreducetheriskofAlzheimer’sdisease.Studiessuggestthatchewingfoodmorethoroughlynotonlyimprovesnutrientabsorptionbutalsoslowsdowneatingandreducesoverallfoodintake.Butitsbenefitsmayextendfarbeyonddigestionandweightcontrol:researchersareincreasinglyuncoveringthatchewingmayhelpmaintainbrainhealthasweage.Thisproposedconnectionissupportedbyfindingsthattoothloss,oftenaccompaniedbyreducedchewingability,isassociatedwithahigherriskofAlzheimer’sdisease.Supportingthisconnection,asurveyinvolvingmorethan28,500peopleolderthan50across14Europeancountriesfoundthatparticipantswithgoodchewingabilityperformedbetteronaseriesofcognitive(认知的)tests.Theydemonstratedsignificantlybetterwordrecall,verbalfluency,andnumeracyskillsthanthosewithchewingproblems.Inanotherstudyof273healthypeoplebetweentheagesof55and80,scientistsfoundthatthosewhostillhadmoreoftheirnaturalteethhadbettersemanticmemory(linkedtoknowledgeandfactsoftheworld)andlong-termmemory.Butwhydoeschewingabilityhaveanythingtodowithmemory?Someresearcherssuggestthatchewingactivatesneuralcircuits(神经回路)connectingthemouthandjawtothehippocampus—oneofthefirstbrainregionstobedamagedbyAlzheimer’sdisease—andmaythereforesupportlearningandmemory.Otherssuggestthatchewing,especiallyfairlyhardsubstances,mayincreasebloodflowtothebrain.“Thetheoryisthatchewingworkslikeapump,pumpingbloodtothebrain,”explainsTrulsson,aprofessorattheKarolinskaInstitutetinSweden.Thiskeepsthebrainsharpandworkingwell,hesays.Todeterminewhetherpoorchewingabilitycanactuallycausecognitivedeclineandwhetherbrainfunctioncanbeimproved,Trulsson’steamiscurrentlyreplacingpatients’missingteethwithimplantsandstudyingtheirbrainfunctionbeforetheprocedureandforuptoayearafterwards.MRIbrainscanswillalsobeusedtoexaminewhetherwhitematterlesions(白质病变),amarkerofpoorbrainvascular(血管的)health,becomesmalleraftertreatment.“Wouldn’titbereallyexcitingifwecouldimprovebrainfunctionbyrestoringpeople’steeth?”saysTrulsson,whohasincludedover80patientsforthestudysofar.12.Howistheproposedconnectionsupported?A.Bycomparingtestresultsacrosscountries.B.Bylinkingbetterchewingtobettercognition.C.Byshowingchewingproblemsincreasewithage.D.ByprovingtoothlosscausesAlzheimer’sdisease.13.Whydoeschewinghelpmaintainbrainhealth?A.Itturnsthejawintoabloodpump.B.Itprotectsthehippocampusfromdamage.C.Itallowsmorenutrientstoreachthebrain.D.Itstimulatesnervesandboostsbloodflow.14.WhatisTrulsson’songoingstudyintendedtofindout?A.Howimplantsaffectpatients’brainfunction.B.Whatchewinglevelcausescognitivedecline.C.Whywhitematterlesionsdevelopaftertreatment.D.Whetherimprovedchewinghelpsthebrainrecover.15.Whatdoesthestudyencouragepeopletodo?A.Replacemissingteethwithimplants.B.Avoideatingsoftandprocessedfoods.C.Chewfoodthoroughlyforbrainhealth.D.Participateintheresearchforbettermemory.【答案】12.B13.D14.D15.C【解析】【导语】文章介绍充分咀嚼有助大脑健康，阐释其原理，并提及相关研究，探究改善咀嚼能力能否提升大脑功能。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Supportingthisconnection,asurveyinvolvingmorethan28,500peopleolderthan50across14Europeancountries

foundthat

participantswithgoodchewingabilityperformedbetteronaseriesofcognitive(认知的)tests.(为佐证这一联系，一项覆盖14个欧洲国家、28500多名50岁以上人群的调查发现，咀嚼能力良好的受试者在一系列认知测试中表现更佳。)”可知，研究将更好的咀嚼能力和更好的认知能力关联起来，以此证明二者的联系。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Someresearcherssuggestthatchewingactivatesneuralcircuits(神经回路)connectingthemouthandjawtothehippocampus—oneofthefirstbrainregionstobedamagedbyAlzheimer’sdisease—andmaythereforesupportlearningandmemory.Otherssuggestthatchewing,especiallyfairlyhardsubstances,mayincreasebloodflowtothebrain.(一些研究人员认为咀嚼会激活连接口颌与海马体的神经回路，海马体是最先受阿尔茨海默病损伤的大脑区域之一，因此咀嚼有助于学习和记忆。另一些人认为咀嚼，尤其是咀嚼较硬食物，能够增加大脑血流量。)”可知，咀嚼一方面刺激神经回路，另一方面提升脑部血流量，从而维护大脑健康。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Todeterminewhetherpoorchewingabilitycanactuallycausecognitivedeclineandwhetherbrainfunctioncanbeimproved,Trulsson’steamiscurrentlyreplacingpatients’missingteethwithimplantsandstudyingtheirbrainfunctionbeforetheprocedureandforuptoayearafterwards.(为确定咀嚼能力差是否真的会造成认知衰退，以及大脑功能能否得到改善，特鲁尔松的团队目前用种植牙修复患者缺失的牙齿，并在手术前及术后长达一年的时间内研究他们的大脑功能。)”可知，该研究目的是探究改善咀嚼能力是否有助于大脑恢复。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Whileit’swidelyknownthatchewingmoreimprovesdigestion,researchsuggestsitmayalsosupportbrainhealthandpotentiallyreducetheriskofAlzheimer’sdisease.(众所周知，多咀嚼能促进消化，但研究表明它也有助于大脑健康，还有可能降低阿尔茨海默病的患病风险。)”可知，文章介绍充分咀嚼对大脑的好处，鼓励人们充分咀嚼食物来维护大脑健康。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whyaretherepenguinslivingoutdoorinsummer?TheOZEANEUMinnorthernGermanyhasarockypoolonitsrooftop.Everynowandthen,afluffybrown-and-whiteheadcomesoutfromoneoftheartificialnestingcaves—apenguin.Ihadtolooktwice.____16____Yetthesebirdsappearedperfectlycomfortable.Foramoment,Iwonderedifmyeyeswereplayingtricksonme.HadsomeoneforgottentotellthemtheybelonginAntarctica?No.TheseareHumboldtpenguins,oneofthefewspeciesthatnaturallyliveinwarmregionsofSouthAmerica.Ihadalwaysassociatedpenguinswithsnowandice.____17____TheHumboldtpenguinisnativetothecoastalareafromPerutocentralChile.Somegroupsevenlivesurprisinglyclosetotheequator.ThespecieswasnamedafterAlexandervonHumboldt,whofirstobservedthemonhisexpedition.UnliketheirAntarcticrelatives,Humboldtpenguinshavespentmillionsofyearsadaptingtowarmerenvironments.Theirfeathersarelighter,andtheyhavebarepinkskinaroundtheireyesforcooling.Theyalsohaveaslimmerbodyshapetoreleaseheatmoreefficiently.____18____Yeteventheseadaptationscannotfullyexplaintheirsuccessnearthetropics.____19____Duringhisexpedition,HumboldtfoundcoastalwatersunexpectedlycoldandidentifiedavastcurrentfromAntarctica.TodayknownastheHumboldtCurrent,itcoolstheseaandtheairaboveit,creatingamildcoastalclimate.____20____Coldwaterrisingfromthedeepcarriesrichnutrientstothesurface,feedinghugefishpopulationsandprovidingareliablefoodsourceforthepenguins.That’swhyHumboldtpenguinsdeservethename:withouttheHumboldtCurrent,theywouldalmostnotexist.A.TheanswerliesintheHumboldtCurrent.B.Butnature,asitoftendoes,hadanotherstorytotell.C.Allthesephysicaladaptationshelpthemcopewiththeheat.D.ItwaslateJulyandtherooftopwasbakingunderdirectsunshine.E.ThisexplainswhytheyarefoundalongthecoastsofSouthAmerica.F.However,penguinsactuallypreferamuchwarmerplacethanwethink.G.Moreimportantly,thecurrentsupportsoneoftherichestoceanecosystems.【答案】16.D17.B18.C19.A20.G【解析】【导语】本文介绍Humboldt企鹅并非都生活在南极，依靠自身身体特征与洪堡寒流，它们能在南美温暖沿海生存。【16题详解】由上文“Ihadtolooktwice.(我不得不多看两眼。)”以及下文“Yetthesebirdsappearedperfectlycomfortable.(然而这些企鹅看起来十分自在。)”可知，空格描述当时环境炎热，和企鹅安然的状态形成转折对比。D项“ItwaslateJulyandtherooftopwasbakingunderdirectsunshine.(当时是七月末，屋顶在烈日下酷热难耐。)”符合语境。【17题详解】由上文“Ihadalwaysassociatedpenguinswithsnowandice.(我一直以为企鹅都生活在冰雪之中。)”可知，作者固有印象是企鹅生活在冰雪环境，下文介绍Humboldt企鹅生活在温暖地区，上下文构成转折。B项“Butnature,asitoftendoes,hadanotherstorytotell.(但大自然向来另有一番景象。)”承接上文固有认知，引出下文事实。【18题详解】由上文“Theirfeathersarelighter,andtheyhavebarepinkskinaroundtheireyesforcooling.Theyalsohaveaslimmerbodyshapetoreleaseheatmoreefficiently.(它们的羽毛更轻薄，眼周裸露着粉色皮肤用来散热。它们还有更纤细的体型，以便更高效地释放热量。)”可知，本段在列举企鹅适应高温的身体特征。C项“Allthesephysicaladaptationshelpthemcopewiththeheat.(所有这些身体上的适应性特征帮助它们应对高温。)”是对前文一系列特征的总结。【19题详解】由上文“Yeteventheseadaptationscannotfullyexplaintheirsuccessnearthetropics.(但即便有这些适应性特征，也无法完全解释它们为何能在热带附近生存。)”可知，需要引出另一个关键原因，下文“TodayknownastheHumboldtCurrent,itcoolstheseaandtheairaboveit,creatingamildcoastalclimate.(如今被称作洪堡寒流，它冷却海水以及其上方的空气，造就了温和的沿海气候。)”介绍洪堡寒流。A项“TheanswerliesintheHumboldtCurrent.(答案在于洪堡寒流。)”引出下文核心原因。【20题详解】由下文“Coldwaterrisingfromthedeepcarriesrichnutrients...providingareliablefoodsourceforthepenguins.(深海上升冷水带来丰富养分，滋养大量鱼类，给企鹅提供稳定食物来源。)”可知，本段介绍寒流带来的生态好处。G项“Moreimportantly,thecurrentsupportsoneoftherichestoceanecosystems.(更重要的是，这股寒流孕育了地球上最富饶的海洋生态系统之一。)”总起本段内容。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IusedtothinkIknewhowtorelax.Whenassignmentspiledhighandstresstookover,Iwouldturntosocialmediaorshortcomediesforaquick____21____.Butthisformofrelaxationdidn’trefreshmeatall.Themindlessonlinecontentprovidedrapidburstsofdopamine(多巴胺),designedtokeepme____22____.Ifoundmyselfscrollingthroughvideoswithanunfinishedpapersittingrightinfrontofme.Anessentialquestion____23____:WhydidIkeepturningtothesedistractionswhenIwaspainfully____24____ofhowharmfultheycouldbe?Theanswer,Irealized,wasthatIwasafraidtobe____25____—afraidthatmyownthoughtsmightsendmeintoastateofanxiety.WheneverIhadfreetime,Ipreferredimmediatesatisfaction.IfIdidn’tgivemymindanytimetoformrealthoughts,therewasno____26____ofastressfulreminderslippingthrough.Iwas____27____inacycleofworkandconsumption—notfullyresting,butratherseekingdistraction,andslowlylosingmydrive.Determinedtobreakthis____28____,Idecidedtotrymeditation(冥想).Ifoundafree10-minuteguidedmeditationonlineanddiditrightafterwakingup,beforecheckingmyphone.Atfirst,Ibecame____29____halfwaythrough.ButonceItrustedmyselftorelax,Ikepttrying.Throughouttheday,Ifeltmoreemotionally____30____andmorefocusedoneachtask.Later,afriendsuggestedusingpositivewordstohelpfocuswhenmymind____31____.Speakingsmallphraseslike“Iwillmakeitthrough”gavemeasenseof____32____anddeepenedmyconcentration.Ialsotriedayogaclass,whichforcedmetobecalminaroomfullofstrangers—aninterestingexerciseinself-restraint.Bytheendoftheweek,Ihadsome____33____back.Ifocusedlongerwhenstudyingandfoundmyselfnaturally____34____socialmedia.Icametoseethatwhathadbeenscarywassimplynotgivingmyself____35____tothink.NowIhopetocontinuethispracticeandmakestressfulseasonslessdifficulttohandle.21.A.break B.look C.walk D.call22.A.awake B.calm C.hooked D.healthy23.A.mattered B.arose C.changed D.remained24.A.fearful B.tired C.ashamed D.aware25.A.powerless B.insecure C.alone D.silent26.A.need B.chance C.doubt D.point27.A.buried B.engaged C.trapped D.rooted28.A.habit B.record C.rule D.pattern29.A.restless B.distracted C.bored D.helpless30.A.dependent B.regulated C.excited D.exhausted31.A.raced B.wandered C.stopped D.cleared32.A.protection B.pressure C.calmness D.closeness33.A.direction B.motivation C.confidence D.balance34.A.dependingon B.lookingfor C.thinkingabout D.keepingoff35.A.advice B.permission C.credit D.support【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.D25.C26.B27.C28.D29.A30.B31.B32.C33.B34.D35.B【解析】【导语】本文讲述了作者从前依赖网络娱乐分散压力，却事与愿违，逐渐丧失专注力与动力，后面尝试冥想、积极暗示、瑜伽等方法，最终成功跳出恶性循环，获得真正放松和良好专注力，指出要给自己留出思考空间，才能获得真正的休息和动力。【21题详解】考查名词。句意：当任务堆积如山，压力袭来时，我会求助于社交媒体或短喜剧来短暂休息一下。A.break休息；B.look看；C.walk步行；D.call呼叫。根据上文“IusedtothinkIknewhowtorelax.”和“Iwouldturntosocialmediaorshortcomediesforaquick”可知，这里讲的是放松方式，作者在压力大的时候想要通过刷社交媒体或短剧来获得短暂休息。【22题详解】考查形容词。句意：不用动脑子的网络内容会快速释放多巴胺，旨在让我一直沉迷其中。A.awake醒着的；B.calm冷静的；C.hooked上瘾的，沉迷的；D.healthy健康的。根据下文“Ifoundmyselfscrollingthroughvideoswithanunfinishedpapersittingrightinfrontofme.”可知，作者即便没完成作业也一直在刷视频，说明这些内容设计就是为了让用户沉迷。【23题详解】考查动词。句意：一个重要问题出现了：为什么我明明非常清楚这些东西有害，却还是一直主动寻求这些分心的事物呢？A.mattered要紧；B.arose出现，产生；C.changed改变；D.remained保持。根据“Anessentialquestion”和冒号后的问题可知，作者在经历了刷视频无法放松的状态后，心中产生了一个疑问。【24题详解】考查形容词。句意：同上。A.fearful害怕的；B.tired疲惫的；C.ashamed羞愧的；D.aware知道的，意识到的。根据空后“ofhowharmfultheycouldbe”可知，这里指作者明明知道这些分心的事物有害。beawareof为固定搭配，意为“知道，意识到”。【25题详解】考查形容词。句意：我意识到，答案是我害怕独处——害怕自己的思绪会把我带入焦虑的状态。A.powerless无力的；B.insecure不安全的；C.alone独自的，独处的；D.silent沉默的。根据破折号后“afraidthatmyownthoughtsmightsendmeintoastateofanxiety”可知，作者不愿意给自己时间独处思考，害怕独处时自己的思绪带来焦虑。【26题详解】考查名词。句意：如果我不给我的大脑时间形成真正的想法，就不会有压力提醒钻进来的可能。A.need需要；B.chance机会，可能性；C.doubt怀疑；D.point要点。根据上文“IfIdidn’tgivemymindanytimetoformrealthoughts”可知，不让大脑思考，就不会有压力带来的提醒出现的可能性。【27题详解】考查动词。句意：我被困在了工作和消耗的循环里——没有真正的休息，只是一直在寻找分心，慢慢失去了动力。A.buried埋葬；B.engaged参与；C.trapped困住；D.rooted扎根。根据下文“inacycleofworkandconsumption—notfullyresting,butratherseekingdistraction,andslowlylosingmydrive”可知，作者被困在这种不健康的循环中无法脱身。【28题详解】考查名词。句意：下定决心打破这种模式，我决定尝试冥想。A.habit习惯；B.record记录；C.rule规则；D.pattern模式。根据第二段最后一句“Iwas______inacycleofworkandconsumption—notfullyresting,butratherseekingdistraction,andslowlylosingmydrive.”可知，作者要打破这种已经形成的行为模式。【29题详解】考查形容词。句意：刚开始的时候，我做到一半就变得坐立不安。A.restless坐立不安的，焦躁的；B.distracted分心的；C.bored无聊的；D.helpless无助的。根据下文“ButonceItrustedmyselftorelax,Ikepttrying.”可知，刚开始尝试冥想时作者还不适应，会焦躁不安，之后才慢慢适应。【30题详解】考查形容词。句意：一整天下来，我感觉到情绪更稳定，做每一件任务也更专注了。A.dependent依赖的；B.regulated稳定的，有调节的；C.excited兴奋的；D.exhausted疲惫的。根据下文“andmorefocusedoneachtask”并结合语境可知，冥想让作者情绪更稳定可控，做事更专注。【31题详解】考查动词。句意：后来，一个朋友建议我走神的时候用积极的话语帮助集中注意力。A.raced快速移动；B.wandered（思绪）走神，漫游；C.stopped停止；D.cleared清理。根据上文“usingpositivewordstohelpfocuswhenmymind”可知，当思绪走神的时候用积极话语帮助集中注意力。【32题详解】考查名词。句意：说一些像“我可以渡过难关”这样的短句给我一种平静的感觉，也加深了我的专注力。A.protection保护；B.pressure压力；C.calmness平静；D.closeness亲密。根据下文“anddeepenedmyconcentration”并结合语境可知，积极的心理暗示能带来平静，帮助专注。【33题详解】考查名词。句意：到周末的时候，我重新找回了一些动力。A.direction方向；B.motivation动力；C.confidence信心；D.balance平衡。根据第二段最后一句中“andslowlylosingmydrive”可知，作者之前慢慢失去了动力，尝试新的放松方法后重新找回了动力。【34题详解】考查动词短语。句意：我学习的时候能专注更久，也发现自己自然地远离了社交媒体。A.dependingon依赖；B.lookingfor寻找；C.thinkingabout思考；D.keepingoff远离，不接近。根据第一段中“Whenassignmentspiledhighandstresstookover,Iwouldturntosocialmediaorshortcomediesforaquick________.”可知，作者之前依赖社交媒体，学会正确放松后自然就不再依赖，远离了社交媒体。【35题详解】考查名词。句意：我开始明白，之前让我害怕的事情，其实只是我不允许自己去思考罢了。A.advice建议；B.permission许可，允许；C.credit学分，信用；D.support支持。根据第二段中的“IfIdidn’tgivemymindanytimetoformrealthoughts”可知，作者之前一直不给自己时间去停下来思考，即不允许自己思考。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Whilekidsinthecitycomplainabouta