雨课堂学堂在线学堂云《Carbon Emission Reduction Management（北京理工大学）》单元测试考核答案

CarbonEmissionReductionManagement第1题Whathasbeenthemaincauseofclimatechangesincethe19thcentury?（）ASolaractivityBLarge-scalevolcaniceruptionsCHumanactivitiesDNaturalclimatecycles第2题Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutobserveddataonglobalwarmingisincorrect?（）AGlobalmeansealevelhasrisenatanacceleratedratesince1900.BGlobalaveragesurfacetemperaturefor2001-2020wasabout0.99°Chigherthanfor1850-1900.CForevery1°Cincreaseintemperature,dailyextremeprecipitationeventsareexpectedtoincreasebyabout7%.DCarbondioxideaccountsforaboutone-thirdofthegreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.第3题Accordingtothecontent,whichofthefollowingisapositiveimpactofclimatechange?（）AErosionincoastalareasBIncreasedagriculturalpestsanddiseases,leadingtoloweryieldsCExtendedgrowingseasonsforcropsinhigh-latituderegionsDEcosystemsbecomingmorefragile第4题Accordingtothecontent,whichofthefollowingisnotadirectimpactofclimatechangeonhumanhealththroughnaturalandsocialsystems?()ADiseasevectorsBFloodsCHeatwavesDDroughts第5题AccordingtotheUnitedNationsdefinitionof“watersecurity,”whichofthefollowingdoesnotfallwithinitsscope?()ASustaininglivelihoodsandhumanwell-beingBProtectingecosystemsCEnsuringsocio-economicdevelopmentDAchievingover-exploitationofgroundwaterresources第6题Comparedtothepre-industrialera,whatisthemostcentralchangeinthecarboncycleaftertheIndustrialRevolution?()ATheexchangeofcarbonamongtheatmosphere,oceans,andlandceased.BFossilfuelsweredrawnintothecycleasanewformofcarbonstorage.CTheoceansandlandcompletelylosttheirabilitytoabsorbcarbon.DAnewbalancewasreachedbetweentheenergyEarthreceivesfromthesunandtheenergyitradiates.第7题Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationshipbetweenthecarboncycleandclimatechangeisincorrect?()AAnthropogeniccarbonemissionsarethemaincauseoftheincreasedCO2concentrationintheatmosphere.BThecarbonsinkfunctionofoceansandlandcanmitigateclimatechangetosomeextent.CGlobalwarmingitselfmayreducethecapacityoflandandoceanstoabsorbcarbon.DIncreasedCO2concentrationintheatmosphereinhibitstheabsorptionofcarbonbylandandoceans.第8题Whichofthefollowingisconsideredaninfeasiblestrategyforaddressingclimatechange?()AEstablishingaglobalframeworkforinternationalcooperationBRelyingontheindependenteffortsofasinglecountryCSeekingsolutionsfromtheperspectiveofsocialsciencepolicysystemsDRecognizingthatclimateproblemsoriginatefromhumaneconomicgrowth第9题Whatisthedirectreasonwhygreenhousegasemissionsareconsideredthe“world'slargestnegativeexternality”?()ABecausetheiremissionisfreeBBecausetheirpropertyrightsarenotclearlydefinedCBecausetheyhavetheattributesofapublicgoodDBecausetheirreductionrequireshigheconomiccosts第10题WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)andtheKyotoProtocoliscorrect?()ATheUNFCCCisthefirstlegally-enforceableclimateact.BTheKyotoProtocolprovidestheoverallframeworkforclimatechangenegotiations.CTheUNFCCCistheoverallframeworkfornegotiations,whiletheKyotoProtocolisthefirstlegally-enforceableclimateact.DTheUnitedStateswithdrewfromboththeUNFCCCandtheKyotoProtocolin2001.第11题Theoutcomeofwhichconferencesetquantitativegreenhousegasemissionreductiontargetsformajorindustrializedcountriesforthefirstcommitmentperiod(2008-2012)?()AThe1992RiodeJaneiroConferenceBThe1997KyotoConferenceCThe2012DohaConferenceDThe2015ParisConference第12题Comparedtopreviousagreements,whatsignificantchangedidtheParisAgreementbringtotheresponsibilitiesandobligationsofdevelopingcountries?()ADevelopingcountrieswereexemptedfromallemissionreductionobligations.BItstipulatedthatdevelopedanddevelopingcountriesshouldmakejointcommitmentsandtakeactiontogether.CItsignificantlyreducedtheresponsibilitiesthatdevelopingcountriesneedtobear.DItrequireddevelopingcountriestoachievecarbonneutralityearlierthandevelopedcountries.第13题Whatarethe“carbonpeak”and“carbonneutrality”goalssetbytheChinesegovernment,respectively?()AAchievecarbonpeakbefore2025andcarbonneutralityby2050.BAchievecarbonpeakbefore2030andcarbonneutralityby2050.CAchievecarbonpeakbefore2030andcarbonneutralityby2060.DAchievecarbonpeakbefore2060andcarbonneutralityby2030.第14题Whichofthefollowingisnotacomponentsphereoftheglobalclimatesystem?()ABiosphereBCryosphereCHydrosphereDAsthenosphere第1题WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheoveralltrendofglobalCO₂emissionssincetheIndustrialRevolution?()ATheyhavedecreasedsteadilyBTheyhaveremainedconstantCTheyhaveincreasedsignificantlyDTheyfluctuatedrandomly第2题TheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)wasadoptedinwhichyear?（）A1987B1992C1997D2001第3题TheprimarygoaloftheUNFCCCisto:()AStabilizegreenhousegasconcentrationstopreventdangerousclimatechangeBBanallfossilfuelproductionimmediatelyCPromoteonlyrenewableenergyprojectsDEnforcecarbontaxesworldwide第4题Whichsectoristhelargestsinglecontributortoglobalcarbonemissions?()AAgricultureBIndustrialprocessesCWastemanagementDEnergyproductionanduse第5题Whichofthefollowingbestdefines“carbonfootprint”?()AThephysicallandareausedbyapersonorcompanyBThetotalamountofenergyconsumedindailylifeCThetotalgreenhousegasesemitteddirectlyandindirectlybyanindividual,organization,orproductDThephysicaltraceofcarbonparticlesonsurfaces第6题Production-basedcarbonemissionsaccountfor:()AEmissionsgeneratedbygoodsconsumedwithinacountry,regardlessofwheretheyareproducedBEmissionsgeneratedwithinacountry’sterritoryfromproducinggoodsandservicesCEmissionsfromimportedgoodsonlyDEmissionsfromnaturalsourcesonly第7题Consumption-basedcarbonemissionsdifferfromproduction-basedemissionsbecausethey:()AIncludeemissionsfromimportedgoodsconsumeddomesticallyBExcludeemissionsfromimportedgoodsCOnlycountemissionsfromdomesticmanufacturingDOnlyincludeemissionsfromfossilfuelextraction第8题Whichstatementbestdescribes“carbonleakage”?()ALossofcarbonfromsoilintotheatmosphereBEmissionsescapingfromcarboncapturefacilitiesCTheshiftofemissionstoothercountriesduetodifferencesinclimatepoliciesDUnintendedemissionsfromnaturalcarbonsinks第9题TheKyotoProtocol,linkedtotheUNFCCC,enteredintoforcein:()A1992B1995C1999D2005第10题Whichgreenhousegasismostdirectlyassociatedwithfossilfuelcombustion?()ACH₄BCO₂CN₂ODSF₆第11题Whichofthefollowingisalimitationoffocusingonlyonproduction-basedemissions?()AItignoresemissionsembeddedinimportedgoodsBItoverestimatesemissionsfromheavyindustryCItdouble-countsemissionsfrominternationalshippingDItincludesnaturalcarboncyclevariations第12题Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstherecentplateauinemissionsforsomedevelopedcountries?()AGlobalpopulationdeclineBCompletephase-outoffossilfuelsCIncreaseddeforestationratesDEconomicrestructuringandrenewableenergyadoption第13题WhichinternationalagreementsucceededtheKyotoProtocolundertheUNFCCCframework?()AMontrealProtocolBDohaAmendmentCParisAgreementDCopenhagenAccordChaptertestingChaptertesting第1题Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthegeneralrelationshipbetweeneconomicgrowthandcarbonemissionsinearlystagesofdevelopment?()AEmissionsdecreaseasincomerisesBEmissionsremainunchangedregardlessofincomeCEmissionsincreasewitheconomicgrowthDEmissionsfluctuaterandomly第2题TheEnvironmentalKuznetsCurve(EKC)hypothesizesthatenvironmentaldegradation:()AIncreasesindefinitelywitheconomicgrowthBFirstincreases,thendecreasesafterreachingacertainincomelevelCDecreasessteadilywithhigherGDPpercapitaDIsunrelatedtoeconomicgrowth第3题InthecontextoftheEKC,theturningpointrefersto:()ATheincomelevelatwhichenvironmentaldegradationbeginstodeclineBThepeakyearofcarbonemissionsgloballyCThepointwhenrenewableenergysurpassesfossilfuelsDThemomentwheneconomicgrowthstops第4题Whichfactorisrepresentedby“P”intheIPATequationforcarbonemissions?()AProductivityBPollutionintensityCPopulationDProductioncapacity第5题IntheIPATequation,“A”standsfor:()AAvailabilityofresourcesBAtmosphericconcentrationCAgriculturaloutputDAffluence第6题The“T”intheIPATidentitymostoftenrefersto:()ATradevolumeBTechnologyCTransportcapacityDTemperaturechange第7题WhichofthefollowingscenarioswouldlikelyincreasecarbonemissionsaccordingtotheIPATmodel?()APopulationgrowthwithnoimprovementintechnologyBDecliningpopulationwithincreasedrenewableenergyuseCEconomicstagnationwithtechnologicalinnovationDHigheraffluencewithzero-carbontechnologies第8题IntheKayaidentity,carbonemissionsareexpressedastheproductof:()APopulation×GDPpercapita×Renewableenergyshare×CarbonintensityBPopulation×GDPgrowthrate×Fossilfuelreserves×CarbonpriceCPopulation×GDPpercapita×Energyintensity×CarbonintensityDPopulation×Tradevolume×Carbontax×Energydemand第9题Areductioninenergyintensityrefersto:()AProducingmoregoodswithhigherfossilfueluseBProducingmoregoodswithlessenergyconsumptionCIncreasingenergyuseperunitofGDPDReducingrenewableenergyshareintheenergymix第10题WhichofthefollowingbestexplainswhydevelopedeconomiescanreducecarbonemissionswithoutreducingGDP?()APopulationdeclineoffsetsenergydemandBIncreasedfossilfuelefficiencyalonesolvestheproblemCOutsourcingmanufacturingtodevelopingcountriesincreasesdomesticemissionsDTechnologicalinnovationandstructuraleconomicchangeslowercarbonintensity第11题WhichofthefollowingisalimitationoftheEKChypothesis?()AItassumesallcountrieswillfollowthesametrajectoryBItignorestheroleofinternationaltradeinemissionsCBothAandBDItexcludesenvironmentalpoliciesfromtheanalysis第12题Indecompositionanalysis,adeclineincarbonintensitycanbecausedby:()AAshiftfromcoaltorenewableenergyBAnincreaseinenergyuseperunitofGDPCHigherpopulationgrowthratesDGreaterdependenceoncarbon-intensiveindustries第13题Whichpolicymeasuredirectlytargetsthe“T”(Technology)componentintheIPATmodel?()APopulationcontrolprogramsBInvestmentincleanenergyresearchanddevelopmentCCarbontaxesonimportedgoodsDTradeliberalizationagreementsChaptertesting第1题WhichofthefollowingrenewableenergytechnologieshadthehighestproportioninChina'sinstalledcapacityasof2021?()ASolarenergyBWindenergyCHydropowerDBiomassenergy第2题AccordingtoIEA'sNetZeroEmissions(NZE)scenario,whatpercentageofglobalenergysupplywillcomefromrenewableenergyby2050?()A1/3B1/2C2/3D3/4第3题Whatiscurrentlytheworld'slargestlow-carbonelectricitygenerationtechnology?()ASolarPVBHydropowerCNuclearpowerDWindpower第4题Amongnegativeemissiontechnologies(NET),whichonesequesterscarbonbyheatingbiomassinanoxygen-limitedenvironment?()ABECCSBDirectaircapture(DAC)CBiochartechnologyDEnhancedweathering第5题Thecoreinnovationofintelligentforecastingmethodsforcarbonemissionreductiontechnologiesis:()ARelyingsolelyonexpertexperienceBCombiningbigdatawithDelphisurveysCUsingsinglepatentanalysisDIgnoringpublicacceptance第6题Howmanytypesaretherein“ClassificationofTechnologyForesightMethodsforCarbonEmissionReductionEngineering”____?A1B2C3D4第7题Whichofthefollowingtechnologiesarerenewableenergysources?()AGeothermalenergyBOceanenergyCNuclearfissionenergyDCarboncapturetechnology第8题ThekeycomponentsofCarbonCapture,UtilizationandStorage(CCUS)technologyinclude:()ACarboncaptureandcompressionBRenewableenergyintegrationCCO₂transportationDGeologicalstorage第9题WhichofthefollowingarecommonlyusedmethodsforCCUSsource-sinkmatching?()ASimCCSmodelBInfraCCSmodelCCCSPDmodelDC³IAM/GCOPmodel第10题Themainobjectivesofdatamininginintelligentforecastingmethodsforcarbonemissionreductionengineeringtechnologiesinclude:()ABuildingacarbonreductiontechnologydatabaseBConductingtechnologymonitoringCRecommendingpotentialtechnologiesDDirectlyformulatingpolicies第11题Amongthefollowingitems,whichbelongtoquantitativeforesightmethods()AscenarioplanningBexpertpanelsCsystematicmodelingDpatentanalysis第12题Amongthefollowingitems,whichbelongtoqualitativeforesightmethods()AscenarioplanningBexpertpanelsCsystematicmodelingDpatentanalysis第13题Amongthefollowingitems,whichbelongtosemi-quantitativeforesightmethods()ADelphisurveysBexpertpanelsCtechnologyroadmappingDpatentanalysis第14题Hydropowerisoneofthelowest-costpowergenerationtechnologies,butitsgloballevelizedcostofelectricity(LCOE)hasincreasedoverthepastdecade.()第15题NuclearpowerplantsdonotproduceCO₂emissionsduringoperation.()第16题Directaircapture(DAC)technologyiscurrentlycommerciallyviableatscale.()第17题InTechnologyForesightforCarbonEmissionReductionEngineering,particularlyfornewtechnologies,publicacceptanceiscrucial.()第18题TechnologyForesightforCarbonEmissionReductionEngineeringcanaccuratelypredictdevelopmentsoverthenext100years.()第19题ThecorecharacteristicofDelphisurveysis____,whichachievesconsensusthroughmultipleroundsofexpertconsultation.第20题InCCUStechnology,themainCO₂transportationmethodsinclude____,railtankers,androadtankers.第21题Amongnegativeemissiontechnologies(NET),____technologyabsorbsCO₂fromtheatmospherebyplantingtrees.Chaptertesting第1题InwhichyeardidChina'snationalcarbonemissionstradingmarketofficiallystartonlinetrading?()A2017B2019C2021D2023第2题WhendidChinalaunchitspilotcarbonemissionstradingschemes?()A2005B2011C2016D2020第3题China'snationalcarbonemissionsregistryandtradingsystemareconstructedbywhichtwocities,respectively?()AHubeiandShanghaiBBeijingandShenzhenCTianjinandGuangzhouDChongqingandNanjing第4题WhatisthemainmethodforallocatingcarbonemissionallowancesinChina'scurrentcarbonmarket?()A100%auctioningBMainlyfreeallocation,supplementedbyauctioningCAllbasedonbenchmarkingDHistoricalemissionsallocation第5题Whatisthecoremechanismofthecarbonemissionstradingmarket?()ACarbontaxcollectionBCap-and-tradeCLow-carbontechnologysubsidiesDCarbonlabelingandcertification第6题Thepricevariationofcarbonallowancesmostdirectlyreflects().AThepaceoflow-carbontechnologicalprogressBNationalmacroeconomictrendsCMarginalcostofemissionreductionDCorporateprofitability第7题Theenvironmentalgoalofthecarbonmarketistoachieve()throughmarketmechanisms.ATotalcontrolofgreenhousegasemissionsBCoordinatedairqualityimprovementCRenewableenergysubstitutionDEnergyefficiencyimprovement第8题Ifacompany'semissionsexceeditsallowances,itmust().APayapenaltyBReduceproductionCReporttoverificationagenciesDPurchaseadditionalallowancesoroffsets第9题Inthenationalcarbonmarket,enterpriseemissiondatamustbeverifiedby().AGovernmentauditdepartmentsBThird-partyverificationagenciesCEvaluationteamsundertheMinistryofEcologyandEnvironmentDLocaldevelopmentandreformcommissions第10题Inthe“allowanceissuance–emissionsverification–allowancesurrender”cycle,allowancesurrenderisgenerallycompletedby().AEndofeachquarterBFirsthalfofeachyearCBeforeJune30ofthefollowingyearDBeforeDecember31ofthefollowingyear第11题WhichtypeofgreenhousegasisprimarilyregulatedinChina'snationalcarbonmarket?()ACarbondioxideBMethaneCNitrousoxideDHydrofluorocarbons第12题Intheprocessofsettingthetotalamountofallowances,whichofthefollowingisNOTamajorfactor?()AIndustrymitigationpotentialBEconomicgrowthlevelCHistoricalemissionsdataDLocaltaxrevenuegrowth第13题Whatarethecommonanalyticalmethodsforcarbonreductionpolicies()?ADIDmodelBTop-downIAMsCBottom-upmodelsDCGEmodel第14题Doyouknowwhicharethetop-downmodels()?ARICEBGTAPCAIMDC3IAM/NET第15题Doyouknowwhicharethebottom-upenergytechnologymodels()?AMARKALBTIMESCDICEDLEAP第16题Doyouknowwhichmarket-basedcarbonreductionpoliciesarethere()?ACarbontaxBCarbontradingCAdministrativeorderDAlltheabove第17题Doyouknowtheadvantagesofthecarbontaxpolicy()?AHigherflexibilityBWidercoverageCDoubledividendDDeterminedemissionreductionsChaptertesting第1题Whydomanyclimatepoliciesfocusspecificallyoncities?()ACitiesarelessaffectedbyclimatechangethanruralareasBCitiesconcentratepopulation,economicactivity,andinfrastructure,makingthemmajoremissionsourcesCCitiesareeasiertomanagepoliticallyDCitieshavenosignificantroleinglobalemissions第2题Whichfactorisaprimarydriverofcarbonemissionsinurbanareas?()ASeasonalmigrationpatternsBSoilfertilitylevelsCHighenergydemandfrombuildings,transport,andindustryDNaturalcarbonsinkreduction第3题Urbanizationtendstoincreasecarbonemissionsmainlybecause:()AItincreasesenergyconsumptionfortransportation,housing,andservicesBItreducesaccesstopublicservicesCIteliminatesrenewableenergypotentialDItlowerspopulationdensity第4题Inthecontextofcities,“geographicalscale”refersto:()AThephysicalheightofbuildingsBTheamountofagriculturallandnearbyCThesizeandspatialdistributionofurbanareasDThelengthofthetransportationnetwork第5题Ineconomicdevelopmentstages,citiesinlow-incomecountriesoftenhave:()ARapidlyrisingemissionsduetoindustrializationBStableemissionsduetomatureeconomiesCFallingemissionsduetogreentechnologyadoptionDNet-zeroemissionsbydefault第6题Whichofthefollowingisaco-benefitofreducingcarbonemissionsincities?()AHigherfossilfuelconsumptionBIncreasedindustrialwasteCReducedbiodiversityDImprovedairquality第7题Whichhealth-relatedco-benefitismostdirectlylinkedtoreducedurbanairpollutionfromclimateaction?()ALowerratesofwaterbornediseasesBReducedrespiratoryandcardiovasculardiseasesCIncreasedaccesstoprocessedfoodDImprovedvisionandhearing第8题Improvedhouseholdcomfortasaco-benefitofclimateactioncanresultfrom:()AIncreasedcoaluseforheatingBReducedbuildinginsulationCEnergy-efficientbuildingdesignandbetterindoorairqualityDHigherrelianceonopen-aircooking第9题Apolicythatreducesurbancaruseandincreasespublictransitinvestmentwouldlikelyleadto:()ALowercarbonemissionsandreducedtrafficcongestionBHigheremissionsfrombussystemsCIncreasedairpollutionfrompedestriansDLoweremploymentinurbanareas第10题Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheconceptof“co-benefits”inclimateaction?()AThefinancialgainsfromsellingcarboncreditsBThenegativesideeffectsofemissionreductionCAdditionalpositiveoutcomesbeyondthemainclimateobjectiveDTheduplicationofpoliciesindifferentsectors第11题Whichsectorincitiestypicallyoffersthegreatestopportunityforcombinedcarbonreductionandhealthimprovement?()ATourismBTextilemanufacturingCMiningDTransport第12题Inurbanplanning,compactcitydesigncanreducecarbonemissionsprimarilyby:()AReducingtraveldistancesandpromotingpublictransportBExpandinglow-densitysuburbsCIncreasingrelianceonprivatevehiclesDEncouragingurbansprawl第13题Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofapolicywithbothclimateandeconomicco-benefits?()ASubsidizingcoalminingjobsBRetrofittingbuildingsforenergyefficiencyCExpandinghighwaysincitycentersDReducingrenewableenergysubsidiesChaptertesting第1题WhichregioncurrentlyhasthelargestshareofglobalCO₂emissions?()AChinaBUnitedStatesCEuropeanUnionDIndia第2题Inrecentdecades,carbonemissionsintheUnitedStateshavegenerally:()AIncreasedrapidlyduetoindustrializationBRemainedunchangedCDeclinedduetoshiftstocleanerenergyandefficiencyimprovementsDDeclinedsolelyduetopopulationloss第3题TherapidgrowthofcarbonemissionsinIndiaisprimarilydrivenby:()AHighcarbontaxesBEconomicgrowthandrisingenergydem