2025-2026年江苏省苏教版高中三年级英语第四十六章课后练习题

2025-2026年江苏省苏教版高中三年级英语第四十六章课后练习题一、单选题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.AccordingtothepassageinUnit46,whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Topersuadereaderstoadoptavegetariandietbyhighlightingitsenvironmentalbenefits.B.Tocomparethenutritionalvaluesofmeatandplant-basedfoodsinascientificmanner.C.Toargueagainsttheethicalconcernssurroundingfactoryfarmingbyusingemotionalappeals.D.Toprovideastep-by-stepguideonhowtotransitiontoaplant-baseddieteffectively.解析：本题考查文章主旨理解。根据第四十六章课后文本分析，文章核心在于探讨素食主义的环境影响，而非营养对比或伦理批判。选项A准确概括了文本的立场和目标，选项B、C、D偏离了原文重点，故选A。2.TheauthorofUnit46mentions"thecarbonfootprintofmeatproduction"inthesecondparagraph.Whatdoesthisphrasemostlikelyreferto?A.Theamountofcarbondioxidereleasedduringmeatfarming.B.Thetotalnumberofcattleraisedinaspecificregion.C.Theeconomiccostofproducingmeatproducts.D.Theculturalsignificanceofmeatindifferentsocieties.解析：本题考查词汇理解。根据单元文本，"carbonfootprint"是环境科学术语，指人类活动产生的温室气体总量。选项A符合该定义，选项B、C、D与该术语无关，故选A。3.InthediscussionofglobalwarminginUnit46,whichfactorisidentifiedasamajorcontributortoclimatechange?A.Theuseofrenewableenergysources.B.Thereductionofdeforestation.C.Theconsumptionoforganicfoods.D.Theincreaseinmeatproduction.解析：本题考查细节信息提取。根据单元文本，第四十六章明确指出畜牧业是温室气体的重要来源之一。选项D与原文一致，选项A、B、C并非文中强调的因素，故选D。4.ThepassageinUnit46includesaquotefromarenownedenvironmentalscientist.Whatisthelikelypurposeofincludingthisquote?A.Tointroduceanewtopicunrelatedtothemainargument.B.Toprovideevidencesupportingtheauthor'sclaims.C.Tocriticizetheopposingviewsonvegetarianism.D.Toentertainthereaderswithahumorousanecdote.解析：本题考查文本结构分析。根据单元写作技巧，引用权威观点通常用于增强论证可信度。选项B符合该功能，选项A、C、D与文本目的不符，故选B。5.AccordingtothestatisticscitedinUnit46,howdoesmeatproductioncomparetoplant-basedagricultureintermsofwaterusage?A.Meatproductionrequiressignificantlylesswater.B.Plant-basedagricultureusesmorewaterthanmeatproduction.C.Thewaterusageisroughlyequalforboth.D.Thedataonwaterusageisnotreliable.解析：本题考查数据解读。根据单元图表信息，文中指出畜牧业需消耗大量水资源，远超植物农业。选项B与原文一致，选项A、C、D与数据矛盾，故选B。6.TheauthorofUnit46suggeststhatswitchingtoaplant-baseddietcanhelpsolvewhichglobalissue?A.Overpopulation.B.Waterscarcity.C.Economicinequality.D.Airpollution.解析：本题考查推理判断。根据单元结论部分，素食主义被关联到水资源保护。选项B符合该逻辑，选项A、C、D未在文中提及，故选B。7.InthethirdparagraphofUnit46,theword"sustainable"isusedtodescribefarmingpractices.Whatdoesthistermmostlikelymeaninthiscontext?A.Environmentallyfriendlyandlong-lasting.B.Economicallyprofitableandscalable.C.Technologicallyadvancedandinnovative.D.Labor-intensiveandtime-consuming.解析：本题考查词汇辨析。根据单元文本，"sustainable"强调农业对环境的可持续性。选项A符合该定义，选项B、C、D与原文不符，故选A。8.ThepassageinUnit46mentions"theriseofveganism"asapositivetrend.Whatdoesthisphrasesuggestaboutmodernsociety?A.Peoplearebecomingmorehealth-conscious.B.Societyisincreasinglyawareofenvironmentalissues.C.Consumersareprioritizingconvenienceovernutrition.D.Governmentsareenforcingstricterfoodregulations.解析：本题考查社会现象分析。根据单元背景，素食主义兴起反映公众对环境问题的关注度提升。选项B符合该解读，选项A、C、D未在文中支持，故选B。9.TheauthorofUnit46includesapersonalanecdoteabouttheirowndietarychange.Whatisthelikelypurposeofthisanecdote?A.Todistractreadersfromthemainargument.B.Toillustratethechallengesofadoptingaplant-baseddiet.C.Topromoteaspecificbrandofveganproducts.D.Tocriticizethosewhodonotfollowavegetarianlifestyle.解析：本题考查写作技巧。根据单元叙事分析，个人经历通常用于增强情感共鸣或展示实践难度。选项B符合该功能，选项A、C、D与文本目的不符，故选B。10.TheconclusionofUnit46emphasizestheimportanceofindividualchoices.Whatdoesthissuggestabouttheauthor'sstance?A.Smallactionscanleadtosignificantglobalchanges.B.Onlygovernmentscanmakemeaningfulenvironmentalprogress.C.Consumersshouldavoidmakinganydietarychanges.D.Industrialfarmingistheonlysolutiontoclimatechange.解析：本题考查作者态度分析。根据单元总结，作者强调个人选择的影响力，暗示微小的改变具有集体效应。选项A符合该观点，选项B、C、D与原文立场相反，故选A。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.AccordingtoUnit46,theproductionofmeatcontributestoclimatechangebyreleasinglargeamountsof________gas.（参考答案：greenhouse）解析：本题考查词汇填空。根据单元第二段，文中明确提到畜牧业排放的"greenhousegas"（温室气体），故填"greenhouse"。2.ThepassageinUnit46suggeststhatswitchingtoaplant-baseddietcanhelpreduce________footprint.（参考答案：carbon）解析：本题考查词汇填空。根据单元标题和内容，素食主义被关联到"carbonfootprint"（碳足迹）的减少，故填"carbon"。3.InUnit46,theauthormentionsthatdeforestationforcattleranchingleadstothelossof________habitats.（参考答案：biodiversity）解析：本题考查词汇填空。根据单元环境部分，文中指出森林砍伐破坏生物栖息地，故填"biodiversity"。4.ThestatisticsinUnit46indicatethatmeatproductionrequiresapproximately________timesmorewaterthanplant-basedagriculture.（参考答案：15）解析：本题考查数据填空。根据单元图表，文中给出肉制品需水量是植物农业的15倍，故填"15"。5.ThepassageinUnit46includesaquotefroma________namedDr.JaneSmith,whospecializesinenvironmentalscience.（参考答案：professor）解析：本题考查细节填空。根据单元引言，文中提到"Dr.JaneSmith"是环境科学领域的专家，通常为大学教授，故填"professor"。6.Unit46discussestheethicalconcernsoffactoryfarming,suchasthetreatmentof________andtheuseofantibiotics.（参考答案：animals）解析：本题考查词汇填空。根据单元伦理部分，文中提到工厂化养殖涉及动物福利和抗生素滥用，故填"animals"。7.TheauthorofUnit46suggeststhataplant-baseddietcanhelpaddresstheglobalissueof________scarcity.（参考答案：water）解析：本题考查词汇填空。根据单元结论，素食主义被关联到水资源保护，故填"water"。8.InUnit46,theterm"sustainableagriculture"referstofarmingpracticesthatare________andbeneficialfortheenvironment.（参考答案：eco-friendly）解析：本题考查词汇填空。根据单元定义部分，"sustainableagriculture"强调生态友好性，故填"eco-friendly"。9.ThepassageinUnit46mentionsthattheriseofveganismreflectsagrowingsocietalawarenessof________issues.（参考答案：environmental）解析：本题考查词汇填空。根据单元社会背景，素食主义兴起与公众对环境问题的关注度相关，故填"environmental"。10.TheauthorofUnit46includesapersonalanecdoteaboutgivingupmeat,whichillustratesthe________ofmakingdietarychanges.（参考答案：difficulty）解析：本题考查词汇填空。根据单元叙事部分，个人经历展示转变饮食的挑战，故填"difficulty"。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.AccordingtoUnit46,allplant-basedfoodsaremorenutritiousthanmeatproducts.（参考答案：False）解析：本题考查正误判断。根据单元营养部分，文中强调的是素食的环保优势，而非营养绝对优越性，故判断为错误。2.ThepassageinUnit46suggeststhatswitchingtoaplant-baseddietiseasyforeveryonewithoutanychallenges.（参考答案：False）解析：本题考查正误判断。根据单元个人经历部分，作者提到转变饮食的困难，故判断为错误。3.Unit46statesthatfactoryfarminghasnonegativeimpactontheenvironment.（参考答案：False）解析：本题考查正误判断。根据单元伦理部分，文中明确指出工厂化养殖的环境危害，故判断为错误。4.TheauthorofUnit46promotesaspecificbrandofveganproductsintheconclusion.（参考答案：False）解析：本题考查正误判断。根据单元写作规范，课后练习题通常避免商业推广，故判断为错误。5.AccordingtoUnit46,waterusageinplant-basedagricultureishigherthaninmeatproduction.（参考答案：False）解析：本题考查正误判断。根据单元数据部分，文中指出植物农业需水量远低于畜牧业，故判断为错误。6.ThepassageinUnit46includesadetailedscientificexplanationofgreenhousegases.（参考答案：True）解析：本题考查正误判断。根据单元环境部分，文中解释了温室气体的概念和来源，故判断为正确。7.Unit46suggeststhatindividualdietarychoiceshavenoimpactonglobalclimatechange.（参考答案：False）解析：本题考查正误判断。根据单元结论部分，作者强调个人选择的重要性，故判断为错误。8.TheauthorofUnit46criticizesallmeat-eatersfortheirenvironmentalimpact.（参考答案：False）解析：本题考查正误判断。根据单元态度部分，作者侧重于理性分析而非道德指责，故判断为错误。9.AccordingtoUnit46,sustainableagricultureisonlypossiblewithadvancedtechnology.（参考答案：False）解析：本题考查正误判断。根据单元定义部分，"sustainableagriculture"强调生态平衡而非技术依赖，故判断为错误。10.ThepassageinUnit46includesstatisticsfromasingleunreliablesource.（参考答案：False）解析：本题考查正误判断。根据单元数据部分，文中引用了多个权威来源（如联合国报告），故判断为错误。四、简答题（总共4题，每题4分，共16分）1.ExplainthemainargumentofthepassageinUnit46.（参考答案：Thepassagearguesthatadoptingaplant-baseddietcansignificantlyreduceenvironmentalproblems,suchasclimatechangeandwaterscarcity,byhighlightingthenegativeimpactsofmeatproduction.Itcombinesscientificdata,personalanecdotes,andethicalconcernstopersuadereaderstoconsiderdietarychanges.)解析：本题考查文章主旨分析。解答需涵盖三个层面：①核心论点（素食主义的环保效益）；②论证方法（数据、个人经历、伦理批判）；③目标读者（普通公众）。2.Describethekeyenvironmentalbenefitsofaplant-baseddietmentionedinUnit46.（参考答案：Thetextemphasizesthreemainbenefits:1)reducedgreenhousegasemissions,asmeatproductionreleaseslargeamountsofmethane;2)lowerwaterusage,asplantagriculturerequiressignificantlylesswaterthanlivestockfarming;3)preservationofbiodiversity,asdeforestationforcattleranchingdestroysnaturalhabitats.)解析：本题考查细节归纳。解答需分点列出三个具体环境效益，并简要解释其科学依据（如温室气体来源、水资源消耗对比）。3.HowdoestheauthorofUnit46usepersonalanecdotestosupporttheargument?（参考答案：Theauthorsharestheirownexperienceofswitchingtoaplant-baseddiet,detailingthechallengestheyfaced(e.g.,cravings,socialpressure)andthepositiveoutcomes(e.g.,healthimprovements,reducedenvironmentalimpact).Thismakestheargumentmorerelatableandcrediblebyshowingreal-worldapplicability.)解析：本题考查写作技巧分析。解答需说明个人经历的功能（增强可信度、情感共鸣、实践指导），并举例说明具体内容。4.WhatethicalconcernsdoesUnit46raiseaboutfactoryfarming?（参考答案：Thepassagehighlightsthreeethicalissues:1)animalcruelty,asfactoryfarmingsubjectsanimalstoinhumaneconditions;2)overuseofantibiotics,whichcontributestoantibioticresistance;3)resourceinefficiency,asfeedinggraintolivestockislessproductivethanusingitdirectlyforhumanconsumption.)解析：本题考查伦理问题分析。解答需分点列出三个具体问题，并简要解释其危害（如动物福利、公共卫生、资源浪费）。五、应用题（总共4题，每题6分，共24分）1.Supposeafamilyconsumes500gramsofmeatperday.Calculatehowmuchwatertheysaveannuallybyswitchingtoaplant-baseddiet,assumingplant-basedagricultureuses1/15thofthewaterrequiredformeatproduction.（参考答案：Calculation:500g/day×365days/year=182,500g/year=182.5kg/year.Ifmeatproductionuses15kgofwaterperkgofmeat,then182.5kgofmeatrequires182.5×15=2,737.5kgofwater.Plant-basedagricultureuses1/15thofthisamount,sowatersaved=2,737.5/15=182.5kg/year.Annualwatersavings=182.5kg/year=182,500liters/year.)解析：本题考查数据应用。解答需分步计算：①年肉食总量；②肉食需水量；③植物农业需水量；④节约量。2.ImagineyouareahighschoolstudentwritingadebatespeechforUnit46.Howwouldyoustructureyourargumentforthepropositionside(vegetarianismisbeneficial)?（参考答案：Structure:1)Introduction:Definevegetarianismandstateitsbenefits(environmental,ethical,health).2)Body:Provideevidence(e.g.,watersavings,reducedemissions,animalwelfare).3)Counterargument:Acknowledgechallenges(e.g.,socialpressure,nutritionalneeds).4)Rebuttal:Addresschallenges(e.g.,plant-basedalternatives,personalexperience).5)Conclusion:Calltoactionfordietarychanges.)解析：本题考查辩论写作。解答需展示完整的演讲结构，并体现单元核心论点（环保、伦理、健康）。3.Unit46mentionsthatdeforestationforcattleranchingcontributestoclimatechange.Explainthisconnectioninyourownwords.（参考答案：DeforestationreducestheEarth'scapacitytoabsorbCO2,astreesactascarbonsinks.Whenforestsareclearedforranching,carbonstoredintreesisreleasedintotheatmosphere.Additionally,livestockfarmingproducesmethane,anotherpotentgreenhousegas.Together,thesefactorsaccelerateglobalwarming.)解析：本题考查概念解释。解答需说明两个关联机制：①森林砍伐减少碳吸收；②畜牧业排放甲烷。4.Designashortsurvey(5questions)tocollectopinionsfromyourclassmatesaboutplant-baseddiets,inspiredbyUnit46.（参考答案：SurveyQuestions:1)Haveyouevertriedavegetarianmeal?(Yes/No)2)Whatarethemainreasonsyoumightchooseaplant-baseddiet?(Multiplechoice:environmental,health,ethical,cost,other)3)Doyouthinkit'sdifficulttofollowavegetariandiet?(Scale:1-5,1=notdifficult,5=verydifficult)4)Howoftendoyoueatmeat?(Options:daily,weekly,monthly,rarely)5)Wouldyoubewillingtoreducemeatconsumption?(Yes/No/Maybe)）解析：本题考查调查设计。解答需提供5个针对性问题，涵盖单元核心主题（尝试经历、动机、难度、消费习惯、改变意愿）。【标准答案及解析】一、单选题1-A2-A3-D4-B5-B6-B7-A8-B9-B10-A二、填空题1-greenhouse2-carbon3-biodiversity4-155-professor6-animals7-water8-eco-friendly9-environmental10-difficulty三、判断题1-F2-F3-F4-F5-F6-T7-F8-F9-F10-F四、简答题1-参考答案：Thepassagearguesthatadoptingaplant-baseddietcansignificantlyreduceenvironmentalproblems,suchasclimatechangeandwaterscarcity,byhighlightingthenegativeimpactsofmeatproduction.Itcombinesscientificdata,personalanecdotes,andethicalconcernstopersuadereaderstoconsiderdietarychanges.解析要点：①核心论点（环保效益）；②论证方法（数据、个人经历、伦理批判）；③目标读者（普通公众）。2-参考答案：Thetextemphasizesthreemainbenefits:1)reducedgreenhousegasemissions,asmeatproductionreleaseslargeamountsofmethane;2)lowerwaterusage,asplantagriculturerequiressignificantlylesswaterthanlivestockfarming;3)preservationofbiodiversity,asdeforestationforcattleranchingdestroysnaturalhabitats.解析要点：分点列出三个具体环境效益，并简要解释科学依据。3-参考答案：Theauthorsharestheirownexperienceofswitchingtoaplant-baseddiet,detailingthechallengestheyfaced(e.g.,cravings,socialpressure)andthepositiveoutcomes(e.g.,healthimprovements,reducedenvironmentalimpact).Thismakestheargumentmorerelatableandcrediblebyshowingreal-worldapplicability.解析要点：说明个人经历的功能（增强可信度、情感共鸣、实践指导），并举例说明具体内容。4-参考答案：Thepassagehighlightsthreeethicalissues:1)animalcruelty,asfactoryfarmingsubjectsanimalstoinhumaneconditions;2)overuseofantibiotics,whichcontributestoantibioticresistance;3)resourceinefficiency,asfeedinggraintolivestockislessproductivethanusingitdirectlyforhumanconsumption.解析要点：分点列出三个具体问题，并简要解释其危害（动物福利、公共卫生、资源浪费）。五、应用题1-参考答案：Calculation:500g/day×365days/year=182,500g/year=182.5kg/year.Ifmeatproductionuses15kgofwaterperkgo