卷07-2024年高考英语模拟卷

【赢在高考・8卷】备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）

卷07

（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，

用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分知识运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项

涂黑。

Asabiologistandphotographer,Ialwaystakemycameraeverywheretotakepicturesofwildanimals.One

day,Iwasstandingonaboatwhenaverylargefemaleleopardseal（海豹）swamby.Iputonmydivingequipment

andgrabbedmy1.Iwasfrightenedbecauseshewassobig.Mymouthwasdry,andIcouldn'teven

2.ButIknewitwastimeto3thismysteriouscreature.

Ijumpedintothefreezingwater.Immediately,thesealswamtowardsme.Thensheputmyentirecameraand

muchofmyheadintohermouth.Thinkingthismustbeasigno:4,Idecidedtostayverycalm.

Althoughthesealwasshowingmeherteeth,Itriednotto5anyfear.Shediditafewmoretimes,and

thenswamaway.Tomy6、shecamebackwithalivepenguin.Andsheevenshowedmehowtocatit.

Thenshepushedthepenguinintomycamera—shethoughtthecamerawasmymouth!

Beingabiologist,Iunderstoodthatshewastryingto7me.ButIthoughtthatshewasreally

tryingtomunicatewithme.Atthispoint,shedidn'tseemvery8.Shestayedbymeandtookcareofme

fbrfourdays.

Igotmanyamazingpicturesduringthosefourdays.And,moreimportantly,I'velearnedthatanimalsdonot

alwaysbehavethewaywe9.1believethe10experience1hadwiththispowerfuland

intelligentanimalwillstaywithmeforever.

1.A.knifeB.bagC.cameraD.gun

2.A.escapeB.makeC.moveD.fight

3.A.approachB.adoptc.imagineD.rescue

4.A.respectB.sympathyc.rewardD.threat

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5.A.confirmB.exposeC.ovcrcD.reduce

6.A.satisfactionB.regretC.surpriseD.sorrow

7.A.feedB.fbrtC.attackD.assess

8.A.reliableB.dangerousC.sensitiveD.ambitious

9.A.admireB.promiseC.demandD.expect

10.A.confusingB.similarC.incredibleD.bitter

【答案】1.C2.C3.A4.D5.B6.C7.A8.B9.D10.C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述r作者拍摄海豹的经历及感悟。

1.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我穿上了潜水设备，拿起了照相机。A.kni佗刀；B.bag包：C.camera照相

机；D.gun枪。根据后文的"Thensheputmyentirecameraandmuchofmyheadintohermouth.、'nj知，海豹

把我的头和相机放在了他的嘴里，所以我是带着相机潜水的。故选C项。

2.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我的嘴唇发干，甚至都无法动弹的了。A.escape逃跑；Bmake制作；C.move

移动；D.flghl斗争。根据前文的“Iwasfrightened”可知，我看如海豹后十分害怕，一动不动地待在那里。

故选C项。

3.考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我知道，这是接近这个神秘生物的好时候。。A.approach接近；B.adopt

采取;C.imagine想象;D.rescue营救。根据后文的"Ijumpedintothefreezingwater.”可知,我决定跳入水

里，近距离观察海豹，所以此处是接近这个海豹。故选A项。

4.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为这一定是威胁的信号，所以决定保持冷静。A.respect尊重；B.sympathy

同情；C.reward回报；D.threat威胁：恐吓。根据前文的“Thensheputmyentirecameraandmuchofmyhead

intohermouth”可知，海豹看到人类后，采取了威胁恐吓人类的做法。故选D项。

5.考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管海豹向我展示它的牙齿，但我尽力不显露出任何害怕。A.confirm确认；

B.expose暴露；C.overe克服;D.reduce减少。根据前文的"Idecidedtostayverycalm."可知，尽管海豹在

威胁我，但我还是尽力保持冷静，不露出害怕的神情。故选Bl®。

6.考查名词词义辨析。句意：使我惊讶的是，它叼着一只活着的企鹅又回来了。A.satisfaction满足；B.regret

后悔：C.surprise惊讶：D.sorrow悲伤。根据后文的“shecamebackwithalivepenguin."可知，我没有想到

海豹会去而复返，还带着一只企鹅，所以当它叼着一只活着的企鹅又回来了，我很惊讶。故选C项。

7.考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名生物学家，我理解海豹尝试用企鹅喂我吃。A.feed喂养；B.fort

安慰：C.attack攻击；D.assess评估。根据前文的“Thenshepushedthepenguinintomycamera—shethought

thecamerawasmymouth!”可知，海豹把照相机当成了我的嘴，把企鹅推到了我的“嘴边”，说明海豹是在喂

养我，想让我吃了企鹅。故选A项。

8.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，它看上去似乎不那么危险了。A.reliable可靠的；B.dangerous

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危险的；C.sensitive多愁善感的；D.ambitious野心勃勃的。根羽后文“Shestayedbymeandtookcareofme

forfourdays.”可知，从那一刻开始，海豹开始信任我，我也不再害怕它了。故选B项。

9.考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，我得知动物的行为并不总是我们预期的那样。A.admire钦佩；

B.promise承诺；C.demand要求；D.expect预期，期待；认为。根据前文“Thensheputmyentirecameraand

muchofmyheadintohermouth."及“Thenshepushedthepenguinintomycamera—shethoughtthecamerawas

mymouth!”可知，海豹的行为前后发生了很大的变化，一开始威胁我，后来信任了我，给我分享食物吃。

说明海豹并不是像人们认为的那样可怕危险。故选D项。

10.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我相信与这只强大聪慧的动物在一起的不可思议的体验将伴随我终生。

A.confusing令人困惑的；B.similar相似的；C.incredible难以置信的；惊人的；不可思议的；D.bittei•痛

苦的o根据前文“Shestayedbymeandtookcareofmefbrfourdays."及“Igotmanyamazingpicturesduring

thosefourdays."可知，我与海豹在一起的经历是非常美妙的，不可思议的。故选C项。

第二节语法填空(共10小题海小题1.5分洪15分)

A

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处加括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

Gratitudeismorethanjustsaying“thankyou”.Gratitudeisadeeperappreciationfbrsomeoneorsomething.

Expressinggratitudemakesusfeelapositiveemotion.Overthepastthirtyyears,there11(be)many

studiesshowingthatwritingagratitudelettertoanotherpersonofiersusanopportunity12(escape)

fromnegativeemotions.Evenifwedon'tshareourwritingwithanyone,theactofpletingtheexercisealone

makesushappierand13(satisfied)withlife.Themoreweexpressgratitude,themorepositivewefeel.

【答案】11.havebeen12.toesc叩e13.moresatisfied

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。研究发现：感恩不仅仅是给人道一声“谢谢”，感恩是对某人或某事的更深层

次的欣赏，同时也对我们的健康有好处，尤其是以写感谢信来表达感恩的这个方式，能使我们逃离负面情

绪的影响。

11.考查时态。句意：在过去的三十年里，有许多研究表明，给别人写一封感谢信给我们提供了一个逃离

负面情绪的机会。根据时间状语OverthepastIhirlyyears,句子谓语用现在完成时态，此处为止erebe结构，

主语为manystudies,为复数，故助动词用have。故填havebeen。

12.考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的三十年里，有许多研究表明，给别人写一封感谢信给我们提供了一

个逃离负面情绪的机会。此处考查名词opportunity,后接动词不定式作后置定语，故填toescape。

13.考查形容词比较等级。句意：即使我们不与任何人分享我们写的内容，完成练习的行为本身就会让我

们更快乐、对生活更满意。设空处与形容词happier并列，也用比较等级，作us的宾补，故填moresatisfiedo

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B

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

AccordingtoChinaDaily,thesummerof2022becamethehottestsinceChina'smeteorological(气象学的)

records14(begin).Theweatherforecastreportedthatthehightemperatureinsomeareascouldreach

4()'C,15(possible)breakingrecords.16(affect)bythehightemperatures,someareas

experienceddroughtandadecreaseinagriculturalproduction.Peopleandgovernmentsshouldbepreparedtodo

moretotackleclimatechange.

【答案】14.began15.possibly16.Affected

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是据《中国日报》报道，2022年夏天成为中国有气象记录以来最

热的夏天。

14.考查时态。句意：据《中国日报》报道，2022年夏天成为中国有气象记录以来最热的夏天。since引

导的时间状语从句中时态用一般过去时，因此空格处用过去式began,故填began。

15.考查副词。句意：天气预报说，一些地区的高温可能达到40C,可能会打破纪录。空格处用副词修饰

动词breaking,possible的副词是possibly,意为“可能"，故填possibly。

16.考查非谓语动词。句意：受高温影响，一些地区出现干旱，农业减产。句中谓语是experienced,空格

处用非谓语动词，由by可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Affected。

C

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Usually,stressisseenasbeingbad,butthisisnotalwaystrue.Eustress(积极压力)isthepositivetermfbr

stress.It17(relate)towellbeingandpositiveattitudes.Eustressoccurswhenthegapbetweenwhatone

hasandwhatonewantsis18(slight)pushed.Eustresscreatesabetterenvironmentfbrpeople,which

19(make)themperformbetterandcostless.Therefore,Eustressisnecessary20achievement.

【答案】17.isrelated18.slightly19.makes20.fbr

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是积极压力的重要性。

17.考查动词。句意：它与幸福和积极的态度有关。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事

实，故使用一般现在时。句中berelatedto为固定短语,意为“与...有关故填isrelated。

18.考查副词。句意：当一个人所拥有的和想要的之间的差距被略微拉大时，就会出现“良性压力分析

句子，设空处使用slight的副词slightly作状语，意为“稍微地工故填slightly。

19.考查动词。句意：良性压力为人们创造了一个更好的环境，使他们表现得更好，成本更低。分析句子，

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设空处使用动词作which引导定语从句的谓语动词，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。which指代

前文的environment,为单数。故填makes»

20.考查介词。句意：因此，积极压力对于取得成就是必要的。句中benecessaryfor为固定短语，意为“对……

是有必要的“。故填fbr。

第二部分阅读理解（共两节,38分）

第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）

阅读下列短文，从母题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Oneofthebestwaystoimproveourmunitiesisthroughvolunteerwork.AccordingtoareportfromUnited

NationsVolunteers,itisestimatedthat140millionpeoplevolunteerineverynationandinavarietyofsettings.

Forbesreportsthatresearchhasshownthatvolunteeringcangreatlybenefitvolunteers.Thesebenefitsincludean

increasedsenseofproductivity,thedevelopmentofnewskills,resuinebuildingexperience,improvedphysical

health,andtheemotionalrewardsthatewithothersappreciatingyouandyourefforts.Herearesometypesfbr

youtojoininlocalmunities.

Sportsvolunteering

Youdon'tneedtobegoodatthesportinwhichyouwishtovolunteer.Someofthemostimportant

characteristicsincludeenthusiasmandinterest.Yoursportsorganisationshouldputyouthroughanyqualifications

thatyouneedtocarryoutyourrole.Mostpeoplevolunteeronaveragetwoorthreehoursaweek,buttherearc

alsoopportunitiestovolunteermoreorlessoften.

SupporttheRedCross

RedCrossisanorganizationthathelpswithdisasterrelief,blooddonations,andmore.BeingaRedCross

volunteerprovidesexperienceinthemedicalfieldandallowsyoutohelpthoseinneed.TheRedCrossresponds

todisastersnationwideandhelpsmunitiesrecover.Itmaybedifficulttoseedamagedmunities,butyoucould

haveapartinassistingthemtorecover.Inaddition,youmaymeetnewfriendsalongtheway.

OrganizeaSummerReadingProgram

Summerreadingprogramsareonewaytokeepchildren'sreadingskillsactiveandtheirmindfreshduring

thewholesummervacation.Organizingasummerreadingprogramisanexcellentwaytogetkidstoreadabook,

broadentheirvocabulary,andleamsomethingnew.Youcanshareyourfavoritebooks,offerprizestochildren

whomeettheirgoals,andturntheprogramintoafriendlypetition,allwhileteachingchildrentheimportanceof

reading.

21.Whatrequirementsdoyouneedtomeetifyouwanttovolunteerfbrsports?

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A.Befondofsports.B.Followthefixedschedule.

C.Havepastthequalificationtests.D.Begoodatvariouskindsofsports.

22.Thesummerreadingprogramcanhelpkidsto

A.sharetheirfavoritebooks

B.organizebookreadingpetitions

C.reviewwhattheyhavelearnedinschool

D.enrichtheirreadingexperienceinsummer

23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Tohelpmanagethelocalniunity.

B.Tointroducetheinanitiesinneed.

C.Tointroducedifferentvolunteerprograms.

D.Toshowthebenefitsofdoingvolunteerwork.

【答案】21.A22.D23.C

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章向读者推荐了在当地社区中几个适合加入的志愿者活动类型。

21.细节理解题。根据"Sportsvolunteering”部分中“Youdon'tneedtobegoodatthesportinwhichyouwishto

volunteer.Someofthemostimportantcharacteristicsincludeenthusiasmandinterest.（你不需要擅长你想做志

愿者的运动。一些最重要的特征包括热情和兴趣。户可知，如果你想成为体育志愿者，一些最重要的特征

包括对•运动充满热情和兴趣。故选A。

22.细节理解题。根据OrganizeaSummerReadingProgram部分中“Organizingasummerreadingprogramisan

excellentwaytogetkidstoreadabook,broadentheirvocabulary,andlearnsomethingnew.（组织一个暑期阅读

项目是让孩子们读书、扩大词汇量、学习新东西的好方法。）”可知，组织一个暑期阅读项目能够丰富他们

的夏季阅读体验。故选D。

23.推理判断题。通读全文，向读者推荐了在当地社区中几个适合加入的志愿者活动类型。文章的目的是

介绍不同的志愿者项目。故选C。

B

Influencedbyherfamily,XustartedtolearnthecraftofmakingChineseknotsathome,butdidn'texpectthe

pastimetochangeherlifeatfirst.Xubecameacitylevelinheritorofthisprovinciallevelintangiblecultural

heritagein2009,andhasbeendevotedtodevelopingthecraftsincethen.

Asafanofphotography,sheoftentookphotosofdragonflies,butterfliesandflowersaroundalakenotfar

fromherhome,thenshemadeknotsresemblingthem,andpostedthephotosonawebsite.Thatattractedthe

attentionofsomepeople.

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Asanadvertisingdesignmajer,shemakesinnovatedknotsbasedonherknowledgeofdesign,andcanuse

variousthreadstomakesmall,exquisitedesigns.Shehascreatedmanyseriesofworksbasedontraditional

Chineseculture,suchasfestivals,teaandPekingOperacharacters.

“ShowingChineseculturethroughtraditionalChinesecrafts——thatistheoriginalaspirationfbrmeasan

inheritoroftheintangibleculturalheritage,saysXu.Shehasmademorethan3,000designs,andevenopened

twoofflinebranchstores.Herproductsincludedecorationsofdifferentsizesthatcanbeputonwalls,car

ornaments,cellphonechainsandjewelry."Ibelieveourintangibleculturalheritagecanbebelterdevelopedand

passeddownwhenitmeetspeople'sneedsindailylife/'saysXu.

Chen,anonlinefollower,hasoeenteachinghowtomakeknotsintheUnitedArabEmirates.^Influencedby

Xu'swork,Ilearnthecrafttocultivatemytemperament,andIalsoteachchildrentobetterunderstandChinese

culture,saysChen."ChinesecultureispopularintheUAE,andIoftenmakesomeknotswithChineseelements

fbrlocalpeopleas

Xuhasalsobeengenerousinhelpingothers.Shetaughtthisarttoworkerswholosttheirjobsinher

hometown,allowingthemtomasteraskillfromwhichtheycouldearnanine.Studentsandpeoplewith

disabilitieswerealsobeneficiaries.Indeed,morethan20peoplewithdisabilitiesnowactuallyworkforher.

Despitethesuccessofhercareer,Xusaysworkingonthecrafthasbenefitedhermoreinaspiritualway.

“Tyingknotsrequiresconcentration,andyoumustnotbedistractedduringtheprocess.Ithastrainedmetodeal

withmattersinacalm,pcaccfi.ilandrationalway,“saysXu."Ibelievethelifeofonepersonisshort,andyou

havetherighttodecidehowtospendit.”

24.Withtheknowledgeofdesign,Xucan.

A.postplentyofattractivephotosonthewebsite

B.drawthePekingOperacharactersmorevividly

C.makemanycreativeknotsrelatedtoChineseculture

D.takemanyprofessionalphotosofanimalsandflowers

25.WhatcanwelearnaboutXu?

A.Sheplanstoopenmoreofflinebranchstoresabroad.

B.Shedesignsproductswithafbcusonpeople'severydayneeds.

C.SheiswellknownfbrteachinghowtomakeknotsintheUAE.

D.Shewantstohelpdisabledstudentsimprovetheirconcentration.

26.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeXu?

A.Honestandeasygoing.B.Modestandstrongwillcd.

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C.Humorousandhardworking.D.Innovativeandkindhearted.

27.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.TraditionalChineseCraftsGoGlobal

B.ChineseKnotmaking,aSkillNottobeIgnored

C.TraditionalChineseCultureBeesFashionable

D.ChineseKnotmaking,aChancefbrtheUnemployed

【答案】24.C25.B26.D27.B

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了从小受家庭影响的徐，在家制作中国结，并根据自己拍摄的照片编

制中国结获得大众喜爱，同时利用自己的广告设计专业优势进行创新，弘扬中国传统文化，成为非物质文

化遗产继承人，帮助同乡的故事，

24.细节理解题。由文章第三段“Asanadvertisingdesignmajor,shemakesinnovatedknotsbasedonher

knowledgeofdesign,andcanusevariousthreadstomakesmall,exquisitedesigns.Shehascreatedmanyseriesof

worksbasedontraditionalChineseculture,suchasfestivals,teaandPekingOperacharacters."（彳乍为一名广告设

计专业的学生，她根据自己的设计知识，制作了创新的结，并能利用各种线制作出精美的小图案。她创作

了许多基于中国传统文化的作品，如节日、茶和京剧人物。）可知，徐利用设计知识可以制作和中国传统

文化相关的创意中国结。故选C项。

25.细节理解题。由文章第四段后两句"Herproductsincludedecorationsofdifferentsizesthatcanbeputon

walls,carornaments,cellphonechainsandjewelry.believeourin:angiblcculturalheritagecanbebetter

developedandpasseddownwhenitmeetspeople'sneedsindailysaysXu."（她的产品包括可以挂在墙上

的不同大小的装饰品、汽车装饰品、手机链和珠宝。他说：“我相信，非物质文化遗产在满足人们日常生

活需要的时候，才能得到更好的发展和传承。“）可知，她设计产品的重点是人们的日常需求c故选B项。

26.推理判断题。由文章第三段最后一句"ShehascreatedmanyseriesofworksbasedontraditionalChinese

culture,suchasfestivals,teaandPekingOperacharactcrs.^^（她创作了许多基于中国传统文化的作品，如节日、

茶和京剧人物。）可知，徐是一个有创造力的人。由文章倒数第二段的首句“Xuhasalsobeengenerousin

helpingothers.”（徐一直慷慨地帮助他人。）可知，徐是一位热心的人。故选D项。

27.主旨大意题。文章讲述徐先生因为中国结去的事业上的成就,，中国结在阿联酋得到欢迎，以及徐先

生教授一些弱势群体通过中国结过得收入。可以推知本篇文章主要突显中国结这项技艺十分重要，应该得

以继续传承。结合选项。B选项：中国结制作，一项不容忽视的技能。符合文章的总结概括。故选B。

C

Therearchundredsofbacterial（细菌的）speciesinourstomach.Bacterialdiversityisagoodthing,ageneral

contributortoandmarkerofgoodhealth.Butwhatdocsahealthystomachlooklike?Studiesindicatethatthe

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positionvariesbymanyfactors.

Oneofthemostimportant,itturnsout,iswhoyoucurrentlylivewith.Researchershavectotheconclusion:

Dietandhcritability（遗传力）arcknowntoaffectthemicrobiome（微生物组）,butsocialrelationshipsshapeit

most-especiallywhenitcstomarriage.TheDutchProject,whichstudiedmicrobesin8,208individuals

belongingtothreegenerations,findsthattheherilabilityofmicrobesisonly1.9percent.Theynoticedmuch

greatersimilarityamongtheunrelatedindividualssharingahouseholdthanamongrelativeswhodonotshare

households,includingtwinswhoselivingsituationsdifYerinadulthood.

Theresearchersfoundthatnearly50percentofmicrobialtypesweresignificantlyaffectedbycohabitation.

Ingeneral,themicrobiomesofalltypesofcohabitors（includingparentsandchildren）weremoresimilarthan

theseofparticipantslivingseparatelynomattertheirrclatcdncss.Marriedcoupleswhoreporthavingaclose,

lovingrelationshiphavethemostsimilarity.Evidenceofmicrobialsharing,especiallyofrarespecies,shows

exchangesthroughinteractions.Andthatputshighlightonactsofcloserelationship-includingkissing.Scientists

haveknownfordecadesthatsocialrelationships,especiallymarriage,powerfullyaffecthealth.Notonlyarethe

microbiomesofcohabitingcouplesmoresimilartoeachother;theyalsoaremoresimilarlydiverse.Thereisa

greaterrichnessofspeciesthaninunmarried,noncohabitingindividuals.

Despitethedominatinginfluenceofaclose,cohabitingrelationship,themicrobiomecanbedifferentindiet,

especiallyonerichinplantfiber.Itcanalsobeinfluencedbybehavior,suchasfarmingandgardeningand

exercise.Moreover,it'sadaptabletoenvironment-greenspaceandpollutantsaroundyou.Livinginarural

environmentbringsincreasesinbacterialinkedtohealth,anddecreasesinbacteriathatareharmful.Livingwith

petsalsohasapositiveefleetonthemicrobiome,whileexposuretoairpollution,especiallycarexhaust,and

passiveexposuretocigarettesmokehavenegativeeffects.

Itcanalsobeaffectedbydirectadditionofspecificspeciesofbacteria,deliveredinconsumable

probiotics（□月艮益生菌）.Thereareprobioticsnowmarketedfbrdigestivehealth,othersaimedatimmunehealth,

andstillothersfbrboostingmood.Nowthatit'sclearthatsocialrelationsplaythelargestroleinthemakeupof

themicrobiome,canprobioticsfbrsinglesbefarbehind?

28.Whichgrouphasthemostsimilarmicrobiomes?

A.Husbandandwife.B.Adulttwins.

C.Grandfatherandgrandson.D.Colleagues.

29.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Diethasadominatinginfluenceonmicrobiomes.

B.Cohabitationishelpfulfbrustohaveabalanceddiet.

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C.Socialrelationsplayasimilarroleassomeprobiotics.

D.Themicrobiomesincouplesarclessdiversethansingles.

3（）.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WhoArctheHealthiestPeople?B.HowDocsSocialLifeAffectOurHealth?

C.WhatWillaHealthyStomachLookLike?D.HowDoMicrobiomesWorkinOurBody9

【答案】28.A29.C30.B

【导语】文章是一篇说明文，介绍了一个健康的胃的组成有很多不同的因素。

28.细节理解题。根据第二段"Researchershaveetotheconclusion:Dietandheritability（遗传力）areknownto

affectthemicrobiome（微生物组）,butsocialrelationshipsshapeitmost—especiallywhenitestomarriage.”（研

究人员得出结论：饮食遗传力已知会影响微生物群，但社会关系影响最大，尤其是婚姻关系。）以及“They

noticedmuchgreatersimilarityamongtheunrelatedindividualssharingahouseholdthanamongrelativeswhodo

notsharehouseholds,includingtwinswhoselivingsituationsdifferinadulthood.^^（他们注意到,同住一个家庭

的尢血缘关系的个体之间的相似性比不同住一个家庭之间的尢血缘关系的亲属之间的相似性要大得多）可

知，丈夫和妻子的关系会具有相似的微生物群。故选A项。

29.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nowthatit'sclearthatsocialrelationsplaythelargestroleinthemakeupofthe

microbiome,canprobioticsforsinglesbefarbehind?''（既然社会关系在微生物的构成中起着重大的作用，那

么单身者们的益生菌还会远吗？）“J知，社会关系和一些益生菌都在微生物的构成中起着重要作用，由此

可推知，社会关系和一些益生菌芍着相似的作用。故选C。

B.How大意题。根据文章第二段的“Oneofthemostimportant,itturnsout,iswhoyoucurrentlylivewith（事实

证明，最重要的一个因素是你现在和谁住在一起）”和第三段“Theresearchersfoundthatnearly50percentof

microbialtypesweresignificantlyaffectedbycohabitation（研究人员发现，近50%的微生物种类受到同居的显

著影响）”以及最后一段的"Nowthatit'sclearthatsocialrelationsplaythelargestroleinthemakeupofthe

microbiome,canprobioticsforsinglesbefarbehind?（既然社会关系在微生物群的组成中起着最大的作用，那

么为单身人士提供益生菌还会远吗?）”可知本文主要讲述了一个健康的胃的组成是有很多不同的因素，其中

最重要的因素是社会关系，文章分析了社交关系对我们的胃的影响，因此社交因素影响了我们的健康。

B.HowDoesSocialLifeAffectOurHealth?（社交生活如何影响我们的健康？）最适合做文章标题，故选B。

D

Hardlyadaygoesbywithoutapanytellingusinitsbeautifullycraftedadvertisinghowmuchitcontributes

totheenvironmentonourbehalf.Flowersgrowoutofpowerstationchimneys;SUVsarepresentedinnatural

habitats;oilpanicsusesunny,friendlysandpromisecleanertechnologiesalthough,infact,theyfailtomake

enoughinvestmentinrenewableoralternativeenergysources.Statisticsarcmadeup,andthetiniestecological

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improvementsarcoverstatedinmultimilliondollaradvertisingcampaigns,whileinthemeantimethegreedyside

ofthebusinesscontinues.

Thisisknownasgreenwashing,whichmeans“makingthingsthatarcnotgreenlookgreen”.The

phenomenonhaslongexistedsincethefirstEarthDayin1970,whenpanicsspent$30()millionadvertising

themselvesasgreenpanies—manytimesmorethanthemoneytheyactuallyspentonresearchintopollution

reductionitself.Andthetrendcontinuedoverthefollowingdecadeswhensomeoftheplanet'sworstpolluters

triedtopassthemselvesoffasecofriendly.Asthepublic'senvironmentalawarenessgrew,sotoodidthe

experienceofcoiporatepublicrelationsstrategies,andadvertisersfoundevermorecreativewaystouseagreen

curtaintohidedarkmotives.

Ofcourse,somebusinessesarcgenuinelymittedtomakingtheworldabetter,greenerplace.Butwhena

panyspendsmoretimeandmoneyclaimingtobe“green”thanactuallyadoptingbusinesspractices:hatminimize

environmentalimpact,itisclearthat,forthem,environmentalismislittlemorethanaconvenientslogan(口号).

Theirmessageis“buyourproductsandyouwillendglobalwanning,improveairqualityandsavetheoceans^^.

Atbest,suchgreenwashingpushesthefacttoitslimits;atworst,ithelpsconcealdeception.

Andwhatabouttodaysconsumers?Fewofthemaretrulywellequippedtomakeinformeddecisionsabout

whatistrue.Greenwashingisonlypossiblebecauseconsumersoftenbelievewhattheyarebeingtoldwhyelse

wouldpanicsdoit?Moreinformationandgreaterawarenessarcessential.Analysingthetricksusedbyadvertisers

shouldbepartofeveryschoolcurriculum.Nongovernmentalorganisationscanspreadtheword.Consumer

groupscanpunishthegreenwashingpanies.Butitisnotenough.Legallyenforceablesystemsmustbeputin

place.

Sowhatisalreadybeingdoneaboutplannedattemptstopullthewooloverconsumers'eyes?IntheUnited

States,theFederalTrademissionistakingactionagainstmisleadingadvertisingclaims.Francehaspublished

GreenClaimsGuidance,stressingthat“anadvertisementmustavoidconveyingamessagecontrarytothe

acceptedprinciplesofsustainabledevelopment''.Allofthesesurelyarctheheartofthematter:thetrueimpactof

advertisingisthepromotionofunsustainablelifestyles.Andthereinliestherealdangertoourplanet,adanger

whichcannotbeignoredanylonger.

31.Whatcanwelearnaboutgreenwashing?

A.Itisanecologicalconcept.

B.Itisamarketingtechnique.

C.Itisanawarenesscampaign.

D.Itisanadvertisinginnovation.

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32.Whatdocstheunderlinedphrase“concealdeception''inParagraph3mean?

A.Hidethetruth.B.Raisetherisk.

C.Exposetheweakness.D.Breakthelimit.

33.Whatcanbeinferredaboutmostconsumers?

A.Theyarelackingi