卷04-2023年高考英语模拟卷（新高考II卷）

【赢在高考・8卷】备战2023年高考英语模拟卷（新高考H卷）

卷04

（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题P上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需

改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡」.，

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你符有两分钟的时间将试卷上的

答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题L5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出

最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题利阅读下•小题。每段

对话仅读一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.

答案是Co

I.Whatcolordocsthemanprefertopaintthebedroom?

A.Lightblue.B.Yellow.C.Pink.

【答案】A

【原文】

W:Doyouthinkweshouldpaintourbedroomyelloworpink?

M:Whynotlightblue?

2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Powerfailure.B.Turningoff（helight.C.Buyingairconditioning.

【答案】A

【原文】

W:Thelighthasgoneout!

M:Weoftenhavepowerfailureinthiscitywhentoomanypeopleaieusingairconditioning.

3.Whatdocsthewomanthinkofthemovie?

A.Frightening.B.Interesting.C.Boring.

【答案】A

【原文】

M:Didyouenjoythemovie?Imerest!ngorboring?

W:Iwastooscared.Mostofthetime,Icouldn'tevenwatchit.

4.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?

A.Helikesdriving.B.Heusedtohaveacar.C.Heenjoystravelingbycar.

【答案】B

【原文】

W:You'vesoldyouroldcar.Youdon'tneedanewone?

M:Notreally.Tvcneverlikeddrivinganyway.NowthatTvcmovedtoaplacenear(hesubway

entrance,Icangotoworkquiteconveniently.

5.Whydoestheman'ssuitlookstrange?

A.Thejacketandtrousersdon'tmatch.B.He'swearingitintheoffice.C.Thecoloristoodark.

【答案】A

【原文】

M-Whyareyonlookingmeupanddown。

W:Whatastrangesuityou'rewearing!Yourjacketdoesn'tmatchyourtrousers.

M:Iknow.Igotdressedinthecark,andIdidn'trealizemymistakeuntilIgottotheoffice.

第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22・5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题：从题中所给的A、B、C三

个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：

听完后，各小题符给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Wheredidthemangrowup”

A.Inthecountryside.B.Inasmalltown.C.Inacity.

7.Whatdo(hespeakersseein(hestreetsnow?

A.Alotofrubbish.B.Kidsplayingballs.C.Niceshops.

【答案】6.C7.A

【原文】

M:Lookatthisplace!Ifididn'tknowitwasthecityIgrewupin,IwouldthinkIwassomewhere

else!

W:Yeah,somanyhousesareemptyorbrokendown.Itwasn'llikethiswhenwewerekids.

M:Weusedtoplayballsinihestreetsallthelime,butillookssodangerousnow.

W:Andugly.Lookatallthatrubbishinihestreets.Thewindjustpushesitalong.Whatalonely

place!

M:Thisusedtobeagreatcity.Peoplecamefrommilesaroundtoworkintheshopsandeatinthe

restaurants.Whatasadsight!

W:Yeah,lefspickuptherubbish.I'mgettingsad.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8.Howcanthemangethighscores?

A.Bytalent.B.Byhardwork.C.Byalittlepressure.

9.Howmanypointsdidthewomanscore?

A.62.B.70.C.99.

10.Whereare(hespeakers?

A.Inanoffice.B.Inaclassroom.C.Atabusstation.

【答案】8.A9.A10.C

【原文】

W:Wow!1can'tbelieveyoutoppedtheclass—99points.

M:Meneither.Ididn'texpecttoeoutfirst.

W:You'reasmartguy!YoualwaysgetstraightA's.

M:Thanks.Iguessit'sjustagift.

W:Sureis...SuchapityIdidn'tgelthatgift.

M:Well,Ithinkyou'reprettysmarttoo.What,syourscore?

W:1justgot62points.Thisisterrible.Iexpected70atleast.

M:Well...Ifsnotatotalfailureyouknow.Justtryhardernexttime.

W:1failed!Man,myparentsaregoingtobeangryforthis.

M:Maybethat'sthereason.Youputtoomuchpressureonyou.Lode,mybusising.Ihavetogo

now.Givemeacalllater,OK?

听第8段材料，回答第H至13题。

11.Whatisthewomandoing?

A.Listeningtomusic.B.Seeingafilm.C.Writingaletter.

12.HowlongwillthewomanstayinJapan?

A.Forayear.B.Foramonth.C.Fortwoyears.

13.WhatwillthewomandobeforesheleavesforJapan?

A.ReadmoreJapanesenovels.B.Attendalanguageclass.C.Applyforanewprogram.

【答案】II.B12.A13.B

【原文】

M:Hi,Lisa,whatareyoudoing?

W:WatchingaJapanesefilm.I'mgoingtospendallnextyearinJapan,andIthinkIshouldfind

outmoreaboutitsculture.

M:Youmeanyouhavebeenacceptedintotheprogram?

W:Isurehave.

M:Ihatrswonderful.Youmust?eexcited.

W:Excitedandnervous.YouknowIhavetoworkonsomebasicccnversationskills.

M:HowmuchJapanesecanyouunderstand?

W:Onlyalittlenow.ButI'mgeingtotakeaspeciallanguageclassnextmonth.

M:IwishIwereascleverasyouarea(foreignlanguages.Iwouldlovetostudyabroad.

W:Thenwhydon'tyou?Theschoolhasalotofprogramsthatdon\requiretheknowledgeofa

foreignlanguage.Youjusthavetobe(hekindofpersonwhoisquick(olearnnewthingsandcan

getusedtoanewenvironmentfast.

M:Ithoughtallprogramsrequiredonetoknowaforeignlanguage.Thankyouforlettingme

knowthis.

听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。

14.Whendidtheman'sbosscallJeff?

A.Inthemorning.B.Intheafternoon.C.Intheevening.

15.HowdidJeffexplaineverjlhing?

A.Byemail.B.Overthephone.C.Inperson.

16.Whydidn'tJeffetotheofficeonTuesday?

A.Hewassick.B.Hewasofftheday.C.Hewasworkingsomewhereelse.

17.Howdoesthewomansoundintheend?

A.Excited.B.Surprised.C.Angry.

【答案】14.A15.A16.C17.B

【原文】

M:Josie,doyourememberJeffinmyoffice?

W:Yeah.Ihaveseenhimbeforeatyourparty,andyouhavetoldmesomethingabouthim.

M:Heleftlastweek.

W:Left?Really?Doyouknowwhy?

M:Hedidn,tcinbyTuesday,soonTuesdayafternoonIcalledtosecwhetherhewasofftheday

orhewassick.

W:Andwhatdidhesay?

M:Noanswer.Italkedtomybess,anditseemsthathetriedtocallJeffthemorningbeforeme.

Buthecouldn'tgetthrougheither.

W:Strange.

M:Anyway,bytheendoftheday,Jeffsentanemailexplainingeverything.

W:Anemail?So,whydidheleave?

M:Well,hefoundanewjobIasimonth,butheforgottotellusaboutit.

W:You'rejoking!Howcananyonedothat?

听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。

18.Whodoesthespeakertalk:o?

A.Afriendofhis.B.Agroupofnewstudents.C.Agroupofvisitors.

19.Whatisthetotalnumberofdepartmentsinthecollege?

A.Six.B.Five.C.Four.

20.WheredotheteachersintheEnglishdepartmentmainlyefroin?

A.EnglandandAmerica.B.AmericaandAustralia.C.AmericaandCanada.

【答案】18.B19.B20.C

【原文】

Oursisanintemationallanguagecollege.Asyouallsee.therearealotofbuildingsinthe

college.Itcanbedifficultfornewstudentstofindtheirwayaround,sowe'retakingyouonthis

quickwalkaround.Thecollegeusedtohavefourdepartments:English,French,Germanand

Russian.ButthereisnowalsoaChinesedepartment.Atthemomentwe'reoutsideyour

department,theEnglishdepartment,whichisthelargestdepartmentinthecollege.Thereareover

200studentsineachgradeandwehave35teachers,including15professors.Theteachersare

fromdifferentcountries,mainlyfromtheUSAandCanada,withafewfromEnglandand

Australia.You'llhaveallyourclasseshereinthisbuilding.Now,lei'swalkovertothemain

librarywhichisthelargestbuildinginthecollegejustnexttotheEnglishdepartmentbuilding.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

NewStoriesAwaitJustforYou

TheOriginofDisease

CarolynMerchant,JD&ChristopherMerchant,MD

Containingexcitinginformiitionandthought,thisbookcouldhelppeoplefindwaysto

improveoravoiddiseasesthatcandramaticallychangelives.Pullingmedicalknowledgetogether

inanoriginalway,itprovidesanewvisionforunderstandingchronc（慢性的）disease,and

challengesreaderstothinkofchronicdiseasebasedontherootcauses.Formanypeople,medical

bookscanbeahardbarriertojump,butthisbookiswritteninanaccessiblestyleandformat,and

containsinfonnalionusefultothelayperson,notjustmedicalprofessionals.

FromHealingtoHell

W.H.Wall,Jr

FromHealingtoHellisaboutthefallofagoodanddecentmanandgoesfurthertorevealthe

shockingdetailsofhowhewasdoneacruelinjusticeatthehandsofaCIAgovernment

experimentwiththedrugLSD.Thebooktells（hestoryofillegalactivitybyofficialsinpower

whooperatedinthenameofprelectingthecounlry.

TheStuffofMonuments

RichardA.Crousey

Littlethingsoccurregularly,forbiddingustorecognizetheirsignificance.Whatfinally

causesthemtoblossomintosweetnessistheirfadingaway.Throughthestoriesinthebook,itis

shownthattheseasonsofourlivesaremadeupofthestuffthatwentbefore.Nothingistrulylost.

Asonepicturebeginstofade,anotherbeginstodawn.

ThereAreNoMonstersHere

BuffyBrinkley

Alittleboyisafraidtogotobedwhenhismotherannounceshisbedtime.Hebelievesihcrc

maybemonstershidinginhisroom.However,hisfeardoesn'tslophimfromtryingtofindthem.

Whathisdecisioncreatesisadoorwaytoacceptanceandfriendship.Outoffearesdelight,and

theideathatwhatweseeandhowweinitiallyjudgeasituationcanbewrong------thatwhatit

takestoovereourfearscansometimesbethebestwaytomakeafriend.

21.WhoarethetargetedreadersofthebookTheOriginofDisease?

A.Studentspreferringchallenges.B.Peoplecaringabouttheirhealth.

C.Researchersin（hechemistrylab.D.Doctorsintheemergencyroom.

22.Whichbookismostlikely:obeacollectionofshortstories?

A.TheOriginofDisease.B.FromHealingtoHell.

C.TheStuffofMonuments.D.ThereAreNoMonstersHere.

23.Whalbringstheboyfriendshipinthelastbook?

A.Hisinnocence.B.Hisfear.C.Hiscourage.D.Hiscreativity.

【参考答案】

21.B22.C23.C

【语篇解读】

这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本新书。

【详情解析】

21.[B]细节理解题。根据TheOriginofDisease下面的介绍中“Formanypeople,medical

bookscanbeahardbarriertojump,butthisbookiswritteninanaccessiblestyleandformat,

andcontainsinformationusefultothelayperson,notjustmedicalprofessionals.许多人来

说，医学书籍可能是一个难以跨越的障碍。但这本书是以一种易于阅读的风格和格式编写

的，它包含了对外行人有用的信息，而不仅仅是医学专业人士）”并结合选项可知，这本竹

的目标读者是关心自己的健康的人们。故选B项。

22.[C]推理判断题。根据TheStuffofMonuments卜面的介绍中“Throughthestoriesinthe

book,itisshownthattheseasonsofourlivesaremadeupofthestuffthatwentbefore.（通过书

中的故事，我们可以看到，我们生活的时节是由过去的东西组成的）“可知，书中有许多不

同的故事；从而推知，TheSluffofMonuments可能是•部短篇故事集。故选C项。

23.[C]细节理解题。根据最后一本书的介绍中“Outoffearesdelight,andtheideathat

whatweseeandhowweinitiallyjudgeasituationcanbewrongthatwhatittakestoovere

ourfearscansometimesbe(hebestwaytomakeafricnd.(恐惧带来快乐，而我们所看到的以

及我们最初如何判断一种情况的想法可能是错误的——克服恐惧所需要的东西有时可能

是交朋友的最佳方式)“可知，在书中是他的勇气(克服恐惧所需要的东西)给他带来了友

谊。故选C项。

B

TheStateoftheWorld'sBirds—reportfromconservationgroupBirdLifeis(helatest

criticalsurvey(hathighlight(hescaleofthecurrentbiodiversitycrisis.1(says,morethanhalfthe

world'sbirdspeciesarcindecline,ashumanactivitiesincludingagricultureandexpansioninto

habitatscontinuelowreakhavoconbirdpopulations.

“Wehavealreadylostover160birdspeciesinthelast500years,andtherateofextinctionis

accelerating/'saidLucyHaskell,whoisleadauthorofthereport.^Historically,mostextinctions

wereonislands,butworryinglythereisagrowingwaveofcontinentalextinctions,drivenby

landscapescalehabitatloss.5'

ThereportrevieweddatafromtheInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureRedList.

Analysisshowedthat5,412ofbirdspeciesworldwide,or49percent,havedecliningpopulations,

wiiilc38pcicentarcslablc,6paucnlarcincreasing,and6pcrccnlhaveunknownircnds.Onein

eightspeciesisthreatenedwithextinction,andalsohighlightedthemassivescaleofpopulation

lossinseveralwcllsurveycdareas.

Theexpansionandintensification(集约化)inagricultureistheleadingthreattobirds,the

reportsaid,impactingatleast73percentofthreatenedspecies.Unsustainableloggingand

managementofforestsisanothersignificantthreat,impactingnearlyhalfofthreatenedbird

species.

Birdsplayanessentialroleinthehealthofecosystemsaroundtheworld.Theyarepredators,

pollinators,seeddispensers,andscavengers,andhelptomoveandcyclenutrientsacrosswide

ranges.<lBirdstellusaboutthehealthofournaturalenvironment-wcignore(heirmessagesat

ourperilJLucysaid.

Authorsofthereportsaid(aa(goveninientsmustprioritizemoresustainableagriculture

practicesandtheprotectionofnaturalhabitatsinordertoslowpopulationdeclineinbirdspecies.

Therearenumerousexampleso:populationsbouncingbackwiththehelpofwellcoordinated

conserxationprograms.**Ifwegivenatureachance,itcanrecover/'saidButchart,whoischief

scientistforBirdLife.**Thereisnodenyingthatthesituationisterrible,butweknowhowto

reversethesedeclines.^^

24.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“wreakhavocon”inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Graduallychange.B.Sharplyincrease.C.Slightlydisturb.D.Seriouslydamage.

25.Howdidthereportshowthestateoftheworld'sbirds?

A.Bylistingcauses.B.Bymakingparisons.

C.Byanalyzingdata.D.Byansweringquestions.

26.Whatisthemajorthreattobirdsaccordingtothereport?

A.Illegalhuntingforbirds.B.Thedevelopmentofagriculture.

C.Poormanagementofforests.D.Thelossoflandscapescalehabitats.

27.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Birdsplayavitalroleinmaintainingbiodiversity.

B.Governmentshaveprotectednaturalhabitatsgreatly.

C.Conservationprogramsneedtobeupdatedmorefrequently.

D.Scientistsareconfidentaboutslowingpopulationdeclineofbirds.

【参考答案】

24.D25.C26.B27.D

【语篇解读】

这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了世界上超过一半的鸟类正在减少，因为包括农业和向栖息

地扩张在内的人类活动继续对鸟类种群造成严羽破坏。

【详情解析】

24.[D]词句猜测题。根据划线词组前文“Ilsays,morethanhalftheworld'sbirdspeciesarein

decline,ashumanactivitiesincludingagricultureandexpansionintohabitatscontinueto（报告

说，世界上超过一半的鸟类物种正在减少，因为包括农业在内的人类活动和栖息地的扩张

继续）”及第二段"Wchavealreadylostover160birdspeciesinthelast500years,andtherate

ofextinctionisaccelerating（在过去的500年里，我们已经失去了160多种鸟类，灭绝的速

度正在加快）”可知，农业和向栖息地扩张的人类活动继续对鸟类种群造成严重破坏。由此

推知，划线词组wreakhavocon与seriouslydamag（严重损坏）意义接近。故选D项。

25.[C]推理判断题。根据第三段“Analysisshowedihai5,412ofbirdspeciesworldwide,or49

percent,havedecliningpopulations,while38percentarestable,6percentareincreasing,and6

percenthaveunknowntrends.Oneineightspeciesisthreatenedwithextinction,andalso

highlightedthemassivescaleofpopulationlossinseveralwcllsu-veycdareas.（分析显示，全球

5412种鸟类（即49%）的种群数量在下降，38%的种群数量稳定，6%的种群数量正在增加，

6%的鸟类数量呈未知趋势。每八个物种中就有一个面临灭绝的威胁，这也突显了在几个

调查良好的地区，人口的大规模流失）”可推知，该报告通过分析数据显示了世界鸟类的状

况。故选C项。

26.[B]细节理解题。根据第四段“Theexpansionandintensification（集约化）inagricultureis

theleadingthreattobirds,thereportsaid,impactingatleast73percentofthreatened

species.（报告称，农业的扩张和集约化是鸟类面临的主要威胁，至少影响了73%的受威胁

物种）”可知，农业的扩张和集约化是对鸟类的主要威胁。故选B项。

27.[D]推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“"Ifwcgivenatureachance,itcanrecover,MsaidBut

chart,whoischiefscientistfcrBirdLife."Thereisnodenyingthatthesituationisterrible,but

weknowhowtoreversethesedeclines."(“如果我们给大自然一个机会，它可以恢复，“鸟类

生命的首席科学家布特・查特说。“无可否认，情况很糟糕，但我们知道如何扭转这种下

滑。可推断，科学家们对减缓鸟类数量的下降很有信心。故选D项。

C

Asartificialintelligencepreductssteadilyimproveatpretending(obehuman—anAI

producedvoice(hatbooksrestaurantreservationsbyphone,forexample,orachatrobotthat

answersconsumcrs,questionsonlinepeoplewillincreasinglybeputin(heunsettlingsituation

ofnotknowingwhethertheyaretalkingloamachine.Butthetruthmaymakesuchproductsless

effective:recentresearchfindsatradeoffbetweentransparency(透明度)andcooperationin

humanputerinteractions.

Thestudyusedasimplegameinwhichpairedplayersmakeascriesofdecisionstocooperate

withorbetray(heirpartner.Inthelongrun,itpaysforboth(okeepcooperating-butthereis

alwaysthetemptationtobetrayandcamextrapointsshortterm,atthepartner'sexpense.The

researchersusedanAlalgorithm(算法)that,whenposingasaperson,implementedastrategy

thatwasbetterthanpeopleareatgettinghumanpartnerstocooperate.Butpreviouswork

suggestedpeopletendtodisbelievemachines,sothescientistswonderedwhatwouldhappenif

therobotrevealeditselfassuch.

Theteamhopedpeopleplayingwithaknownrobotwouldrecognizeitsabilitytocooperate

(withoutbeingapushover)andwouldeventuallygetpasttheirdisbelief.4*Sadly,wcfailedatthis

goal,^^saysTalalRahwan,aputerscientistatNewYorkUniversityinAbuDhabiandasenior

authoronthepaper,publishedlastNovemberinNatureMachineIntelligence.*'Nomatterwhat

thealgorithmdid,peoplejuststucktotheirprejudice.^^Arobotplayingopenlyasarobotwasless

likelytogetcooperationthananotherhumiin,eventhoughitsstrategywasclearlymorebeneficial

tobothplayers.(Ineachmode,therobotplayed50roundsagainstatleast150individuals.)inan

additionalexperiment,playersweretold,''Datasuggestthatpeoplearebetteroffiftheytreatthe

robotasifitwereahuman.''Ithadnoeftect.

VirginiaDignum,wholeadstheSocialandEthicalArtificialIntelligencegroupatUmea

UniversityinSwedenandwasnotinvolvedinthestudy,praises(heresearchersforexploringthe

transparcncycfficacytradeoff,butshewouldliketosecittestedbeyondthepaper'sparticular

setup.

Theauthorssaythatinthepublicfield,peopleshouldbeaskedforagreement(obedeceived

aboutarobot'sidentity.Itcannotbeonaninteractionbyinteractionoasis,orelsethe"deception”

obviouslywillnotwork.Butblanketpermissionforoccasionaldeception,evenifitcanbe

obtained,stillraisesethicalquandaries(道德困境).Dignumsayshumansshouldhave(heoption

toknowaftertheyhaveinteractedwitharobotbutifsheiscallingcustomerservicewithasimple

question,sheadds,"1justwanttogetmyanswer.”

28.Theword"tradeoffisclosestinmeaningto.

A.balancingB.billingC.distinctionD.agreement

29.AccordingtoIhepassage,whatattitudedopeoplegenerallylaketowardsrobots?

A.Highlypositive.B.Casual.C.Stronglyopposed.D.Distrustful.

30.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheresearchfindingsfromthepassage?

A.Theyfailtosupporttheresearchers'assumption.

B.Theywilldrawpeople'sattentiontorobots'problems.

C.Theyaredifferentfromthepreviousresearchfindings.

D.Theycanexplainwhypeopletreatarobotlikeahuman.

31.Accordingtothepassage,whatisVirginiaDignummostlikelytoagreewith?

A.TalalRahwan'sresearchfindingscan'tapplytotherealworldsituations.

B.Blanketpermissionforinienictingwitharobotdoesmorehannthangood.

C.Peopleneedn'tbetoldthattiieyareinteractingwitharobotonzlloccasions.

D.Therelationshipbetweentransparencyandefficacyhasbeenfullyexplored.

【参考答案】

28.A29.D30.A31.C

【语篇解读】

这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了随着人工智能产品在扮演人类角色方面不断进步，人们越

来越担心对面正和自己交流是否是机器人，因为人们有自己的偏见，不信任机器人，即使实

验证明机器人是有好的合作能力的。

【详情解析】

28.[A]词句猜测题。根据文章:第二段“TheresearchersusedanAlalgorithm（算法）that,when

posingasaperson,implementedastrategy（hatwasbetterthanpeopleareatgettinghuman

partners（ocooperate.Butpreviousworksuggestedpeopletendtodisbelievemachines,so（he

scienlistswonderedwhatwouldhappeniftherobotrevealeditselfassuch.（研究人员使用了一

种人工智能算法，当假扮成一个人的时候，实施了一种比人类更善于让人类伙伴合作的策

略。但是之前的研究表明人们倾向于不相信机器，所以科学家们想知道如果机器人真的这

样暴露出来会发生什么）“可知提到了人们不相信机器，即使机器人的策略比人类本身的策

略更容易让合作伙伴合作：根据文章:第三段““Nomatterwhatthealgorithmdid,peoplejust

stucktotheirprejudice.^^Arobotplayingopenlyasarobotwaslesslikelytogetcooperation

thananotherhuman,eventhoughitsstrategywasclearlymorebeneficialtobothplayers.。'不管

算法做了什么，人们只是坚持自己的偏见。”•个公开扮演机器人的机器人比人类更不可

能获得合作，尽管它的策略显然对双方都更有利）”可知无论怎样做，人们就是不相信机器

人，如果被告知是机器人的话，他们更不会选择机器人合作了.综上所述，推知“Buithetruth

maymakesuchproductslesseffective:recentresearchfindsatradeoffbetweentransparency

（透明度）andcooperationinhunianputerinteractions.（但事实可能会降低这类产品的效率：最

近的研究发现，在人机交流中，透明度和合作之间存在权衡）,'表述的是人们在与机器交流

中，应该存在透明度和合作之间的平衡，否则，一旦人们知道对面是机器人在和他们交流,

他们根本不会相信机器人，那必然会导致机器人的效率低了，所以在透明度和合作之间要

有平衡，故推知“tradeoff”意思的“平衡”；故选A项。

29.[D]推理判断题。根据文第二段“Butpreviousworksuggestedpeopletendtodisbelieve

machines,sothescientistswonderedwhatwouldhappeniftherobotrevealeditselfassuch.（但

是之前的研究表明人们倾向于不相信机器，所以科学家们想知道如果机器人真的这样暴露

出来会发生什么）”和文章第三段“Theteamhopedpeopleplayingwithaknownrobotwould

recognizeitsabilitytocooperate（withoutbeingapushover）andwouldeventuallygelpasttheir

disbelief.l4Sadly,wefailedatthisgoalJ（研究小组希望人们在与一个已知的机器人玩时能够

认识到它的合作能力（而不是一个容易被打败的机器人），并最终克服他们的怀疑。“遗

憾的是，我们失败了"）“可知研究表明人类不相信机器人，而科学家希望人类能认识到机

器人的合作能力而最终战胜对它们的怀疑，但是失败了，推知人类对机器人的态度就是抱

有怀疑的；故选D项。

30.[A]推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Butpreviousworksuggestedpeopletendtodisbelieve

machines,sothescientistswonderedwhatwouldhappenif（herobotrevealeditselfassuch.（但

是之前的研究表明人们倾向于不相信机器，所以科学家们想知道如果机器人真的这样暴露

出来会发生什么）”可知研究表明人类不相信机器，而科学家们想知道如果机器人真的暴露

出来,会生什么；根据文章:第三段Nomatterwhatthealgorithmdid,peoplejuststuckto

theirpreudice."Arobotplayingopenlyasarobotwaslesslikelytogetcooperationthan

anotherhuman,eventhoughitsstrategywasclearlymorebeneficialtobothplayers.，'不管算法

做了什么，人们只是坚持自己的偏见。”一个公开扮演机器人的机器人比人类更不可能获

得合作，尽管它的策略显然对双方都更有利。可知不管怎样做，人们就是不相信机器

人，如果人们被告知是机器人，更不可能去跟它们合作。由此推知，实验结果不支持科学

家们的假设，故选A项。

31.【C】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“praisesihcresearchersforexploringthe

transparencyefficacytradeoff,butshewouldliketoseeittestedbeyondthepaper'sparticular

setup.（赞扬了研究人员探索透明度与效率之间的平衡,，但她希望看•到它在论文的特殊设置

之外进行测试）''可知Dignum对于此项研究是赞同的，而且希望去除实验特殊设置：根据

文章最后——段“Theauthorssaythatinthepublicfield,peopleshouldbeaskedforagreementto

bedeceivedaboutarobot'sidentity.Itcannotbeonanintcractior.byinteractionbasis,orelse

the“deception“obviouslywillnotwork.Butblanketpcmiissionforoccasionaldeception,even

ifitcanbeobtained,stillraisesethicalquandaries（道德困境）.Dignumsayshumansshould

have（heoptiontoknowaftertheyhaveinteractedwitharobotbuifsheiscallingcustomer

servicewithasimplequestion,sheadds,Tjustwanttogetmyanswer.”（作者说,在公共领域,

应该要求人们同意被欺骗的机器人的身份。它不能建立在互动的基础匕否则“欺骗”显然

不会起作用。但是，即使能够获得对偶尔欺骗行为的全面许可，仍然会引发道德上的两难

困境。Dignum说，人类在与机器人交流之后应该有权知道答案，但是如果她打电话给客

服只是为了问•个简单的问题，她补充说，“我只是想得到我的答案）”可知此项研究论文

的作者认为不应该事先告知人们机器人的身份，而Dignum对于这个研究是赞扬的，即对

论文的作者的观点是不排斥的，并且认为可以去除实验中的发置来险证这个现象，而且

Dignum认为人们在与机器交流后应该有权知道答案，而没有提及事先告知人们机器人的

身份，故推知Dignum认同人们不需要被告知他们在任何场合都在与机器人互动这样的观

点：故选C项。

D

Ihadnothuggedafriendorafamilymemberfbrmorethantwoyearsuntilrecentlywhenmy

sisterflewinforabriefvisit.Forsafety,wemetoutside.Despite（hewintryweather,herhug

warmedmefromtheinsideout.It?sstrange,butonlynowdoItrulyrealizehowmuchI'vemissed

embracinglovedones.

IgrewupthroughwarinmyhometownofSarajevo.Bosnia,andeverymomentwasfullof

danger.Ononepeacefulmorning,Ihadbeggedmymomtoletmegooutsideafterspending

weeksindoors.Shefinallyagreed.Iwasoutsideforonly10minuteswhenIwascaughtinan

explosion.Irantomyneighborshouseforsafetyandhungmyarmsaroundherneckjustasmy

legscollapsedunderneathme.

Thankfully,Imadeafullphysicalrecoveiy,buttheemotionalscarsneverleftme.Yearslater

therewasanotherexplosionnearmyhouse.Iwassafelyinside,butmyfatherhadlefttobuya

loafofbread.Hehadonlyjustmissedtheexplosion.Whenhecamebackinside,Igavehimthe

biggesthugimaginable.IwascakedintearsasIheldhimtight.

Thatsamenightmyparentsmanagedtoarrangemyescapefromourwartorncity.Iwas16

andcametoAmericaonmyown.Ageneroushostfamily（ookmein.Theyhadalargedogcalled

Oscar.Overthenextseveralmonths,Isecretlystruggledwithfeelinghomesickandworriedabout

myfamilybackhome.Despitemanagingquitewellatschool,Icouldn'texpressmyfeelings.The

onlywayIsharedhowIfeltwasbygivingOscarabighug.

Itisyetanothersadaspectofourpandemic（疾病大流行的）lives（hathuggingastrangeris

thelastthingonourminds.Formanyofus,evenhuggingarelativeorafriendcswithstressand

anxietyoverrisksandprecautions.AsIlookbackonmypast.Icountmyselftrulyluckytohave

beenheld,shieldedandencouragedatsomeofthemostkeymomentsofmylifebythepowerofa

hug.

32.Whatisthepassagemai