多功能汽车底盘测功机外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

附录AA.multi-purposevehiclechassisdynamometerWiththerapiddevelopmentoftheautomotiveindustry,trafficaccidentsandenvironmentalpollutiononthegrowingthreattohumanlife,thusincreasingtheimportanceofvehicledetectiontechnologystandoutavarietyoftestingequipmenthaveemerged.Asalarge-scalelaboratoryequipment,automobilechassisdynamometercansimulatevehicleroadtestavarietyofconditions,thecompletionofthecar'seconomytest,powertest,evaluationandanalysisofemissionsperformance,reliabilitytestanddrivethecaronthespecialtest.Itisintheautomotivetestingresearch,productdevelopmentandqualitytestingnewcarsandthecarisessential.Usecompletechassisdynamometertestandthetypeofvehiclequalityinspectionandroadtestcomparedwiththeusualtestspeed,highprecision,lowcost,datastability,comparabilityandgood.Inviewofchassisdynamometerstheseadvantages,manydomesticmanufacturershavedevelopedaseriesofdynamometerproducts,theseproductsaremainlyusedtodetectthefollowingautoaxleload10tchassispoweroutput,themaximumabsorptionpowerof150kW.Testitemsmainly:chassispoweroutput,thedrivingforce,speed,acceleration,glideperformanceandtheaccuracyofthespeedometerandodometer,andsoon.Butdomesticdynamometerproductstherearemanyimperfections,mustberesolved.Forexample:carindifferentconditions,differentloadandotherconditions,thedynamicperformancecannotbeachievedcontinuousmeasurementandcontrolsystem,controlmethodisrelativelybackward.Thisarticleisforthesedeficiencies,thecontrolsystem,controlmethodhasbeenimprovedtoachievethedifferentconditionsanddifferentloadconditions,thecar'sdynamicperformanceforaccurateandreliablecontinuousmeasurementandcontinuousmeasurementofemissionstoincreasefunctionality.Inaddition,thelightofforeignadvancedtechnologyandexperience,theuseofcomputertechnologyforvehicle-relatedtransmissionloss,rollingresistance,altitude,temperatureandotherparametersofsimulationandcorrection.Multi-purposevehiclechassisdynamometer(hereinafterreferredtoasdynamometer)isanewchassisdynamometer.Aircraftmeasurementandcontrolsystemisthekeytoachieveitspowerequipment.Dynamometertestingcomputercontrolsystemtocontroltheuseofhighperformanceindustrialcontrolcomputer,theentirecontrolsystemincludingcomputer,monitor,keyboard,mouse,printers,inputandoutputterminalblocks,multi-PCbusinterfacecard,SCRanditscontrolcircuit,allcomponentshavebeeninstalledinthe1.8mhighofthestandard19-inchindustrialcontrolcabinet.Dynamometercontrolsystemcoupledwiththemechanicalpartofthe(bench)constitutetheentiredynamometer.Benchcontrolsystembythepressuresensor,speedsensor,pneumaticlift,andeddycurrentmachinesandotherequipmenttocompletethedynamometermeasurementandcontrol.PCbusinterfaceboardisamulti-computerinterfacesandmeasurementequipment,controlchannel,on-siteanalogsignalamplificationandanalog-digitalconversion,digitalsignalmeasurementdonebyit,theinterfacecardcanalsocontrolmultipleactuatormovements,otherThecardalsoprovidesacounterforfrequencymeasurementoftheinterface.Wheeldrivecarinthebenchrotatingdrum,drumrotationbytheopticalpulseoutputofthedecoder,accessmulti-functioncardcounter,measuringspeedanddistancetraveled.Cardrivinginthebench,thedrivingforcecandrummachinebytheeddycurrentcouplingthepressuresensor,theinputchannelsignalsenttothecomputer,combinedwiththespeedsignalmeasurablecar'sdynamicperformance.Intheactualmeasurementprocess,themeasuredspeedsignalandsetthespeedcomparison,accordingtoacertainalgorithmtoadjustbiasresistance(eddycurrentexcitationcurrent),sothatspeedcanbestabilizedatagivenvalue,completeconstantspeedundertheconditionsofthevariousdatameasurements.Dynamometerapplicationsfromthemeasurementcontrolprogram,theloginprogramanddatabaseserviceprogramstructure,programdesignusingadvancedC/S(Client/Server)design.Measurementcontrolprogramandtheloginprogramisaclientapplication,theyexchangedatawiththedatabaseisadatabaseserviceproceduresarecompleted,thedatabasestructureistransparenttousers,tofacilitatethesystemandothermotorvehicletestingequipmentormanagenetworkconnections.Userloginprocessiscompletethebasicinformationonthevehicle,theinitialsetoftestitems;measurementcontrolprogramisthecoreofthesystemprogram,itsmainfunctionistocompletethemeasurementandcontrolhardwaresignals,accordingtotestingrequirementssetbytheloginprogramtocompletethedetectiontask,theprogramalsoprovidesanotherparametersetting,testresultsquery,printandotherauxiliaryfunctions.Eddycurrentmachines,alsoknownaseddycurrentdynamometer,isbasedontheeddycurrent(alsoknownphysicsFoucaultcurrent)workequipment.Itconsistsoftwoparts,thestatorandrotor.Thestatorframeandthestatorpartincludingtheexcitingcoilmountedontop.Thestatorframearoundthehole,theexcitationcoilsinstalledinthehole.Theframeworkofthecentralpartofthestatorhub,withtwobearingsupportstherotorshaft.Includingtherotorshaftandtherotorpartfixedontheaxisofthetworotors,tworotorsarelocatedatbothendsofthestatorpartoftherotorshaftcanbedrivenbyexternalforcesandfreerotation.Theinsideoftherotorandthestatorendfacetomaintainasmallgap,thegapiscalledelectromagneticairgap.Theinnersideoftherotorisaverysmoothsurface,eddycurrentisgeneratedinthesmoothplane.Eddycurrentmachinefieldwindingaccesscurrent,fluxthroughthestator,eddycurrentring,theairgap,rotorconstituteaclosedmagneticcircuit.Whenthecarwheelanddriverollerrotatestherotoreddycurrentmachines,duetochangesinmagneticfluxdensityofthesurfaceoftherotoreddycurrent,theeddycurrentandmagneticfieldinteracttoproducethereversebrakingtorque,thestatorswingaroundthespindleaxis.Passthroughtheleverageofthebraketorquetothepressuresensor,pressuresensorgivesthecorrespondingelectricalsignals,processedbythecalculation,theinstantaneouspowercanbedrawnvehicleparameters.Adjusttheexcitationcurrentsize,youcanchangetheeddycurrentmachinebrakingtorque,withacorrespondingchangeinvehiclespeed,changingtheexcitationcurrentandspeedtheformationofaclosedloop,constantspeedorconstantforceand,ultimately,thepowermeasurement.Eddycurrentmachinehasamaximumspeedandloadrange.Inaddition,itssmallsize,lowcost,moresuitableforcontrolautomation.ACmotors(inductionmotors)withaminimumspeed(800~1500r/min)andloadrange,lessstable,withalittlehardtoloadfeatures.DCBrakingdevicewithhighperformance,easyoperation,stableworkingconditions,thetransitioneasyandsmooth,butitstest-bedhighcost,low-speedbrakingtorqueissmall,thuslimitingtheapplication.Thissystemwaschosenastheeddycurrentunitloaddevice,becauseofitsexternalfeaturesandcost,reliability,accuracydecision.Currently,themajorityofdomesticwatervortexmachinedynamometer,eddycurrentmachinehasasmallamountofseveralmajorwater-cooled,easy-toleakage,resultingincorrosionofthebearingparts,easytomagneticfluxleakage,constantspeedcontrolaccuracy,andthevolumeweight,needawatercoolingsystemandlubricationsysteminsidethevortex,veryeasytouse,innorthernChina,especiallyinwinterdoesnotapply.Moreimportantly,domesticwatereddycurrentmachineforalmostalltheenginepowermeasurementofhigh-speedpowerabsorptionunit(maximumpowerabsorptionrangeof1500~4000r/min),doesnotapplytovehiclechassisdynamometer,whichisthemaximumpowerabsorptionrangeof500~1000r/min.Theinternationalproductionofthisspeciallowspeed,hightorqueeddycurrentmachineonlycompanyinSpainandFranceTELMAFRENELSAcompany,theirproductmixtoair-cooled.Asthedynamometertorqueandpowermeasurementofthespeedandloadrequirementstoalargeextent,consideringcost,reliability,accuracyinthecasewehavechosenFRENELSA'sF16-160-typeair-coolededdycurrentmachinegroup16,theabsorptionmaximumtorquespeedof750r/min,vortexmachinevoltageisDC96V,currentis35A,themaximumabsorptiontorqueof160kg.Thevortexmachineconstanthighprecision,volumeweight,simplestructure,easytooperate,donotneedcoolingwater,andbuilt-inthermocouple160℃,canoverheatwhentheautomaticpower-off,toavoideddycurrentmachinewasburned.Eddycurrentmachineisaconstantspeedcontrolaccuracyofthedynamometertestoneofthekeyfactors,mostofthedomesticdynamometerdoesnotreallysolvetheproblem.Accordingtostandard,constantaccuracyshouldreach±​​2km/h(suchasChinaGB86-94),butbecauseoflargemechanicalmovementofthesysteminertia,andinertiaofdifferentmodelsisdifferentfromthesametime,therearedeadoutofcontrol,non-linear,lagreactionspeedfeedbackinthedifficultyofmakingthedesignofconstantspeedcontrolhasbecomeoneofthekey.Currently,wearetobeaddressedinseveralways,onedirectdriveasfaraspossible,reducingthedeadzoneandhysteresiscontrolresponse,anddigitalspeedcontrolandadaptivecontroltosolvethedifferentmomentofinertiaeffects.Inaddition,twolargeclosed-loopspeedandcurrentuseofdifferentsamplingfrequencyinordertoeffectivelycontrolthevortexdynamicsandthefeedbackcurrentmachine.Testprovedtobestableto±0.5km/h,isastandard1/4.Controlprocessisasfollows:thecarbegantoaccelerate,duetothespeeddifferencebetweenrunningspeedandalargerset,usingtheexperienceofthecontrolalgorithmthatisaccordingtocertainrulesandgraduallyincreasetheresistance;Oncethevehiclespeedclosetothesetspeed,adaptivecontrolwork.Becauseinthestart-upphase,therunningspeedassoonaspossibleclosetothesetspeedistheprimarygoal,andthelastwayinwhichspeedisnotstableinthesetunderconsideration,theexperienceofcontrolissimpleandworkswellincontrol.Thespeedclosetothesetspeed,thespeedandstabilitytheonlyobjective,experience,controlcannotdoanythingatthistime.Theactualvehicleoperatingconditionsisverycomplex,andthespeedvariationisdifficulttopredict,andthusthecontrolofanyformpre-setparametersarenotalwaysachievethebestcontrolaction,theeffectofoperatingconditionsandwiththeprosandconsofchanging.Adaptivecontrolistoadapttosimilarconditionsanddeveloped,itcanundertheconditionsandadjustthecontrolparametersinordertoachievereal-timeoptimalcontrol.Carinidlestate,thedifferentloadconditions,differentspeedsanddifferentroadconditionsinthecaseoftheemissionsaredifferent,themeasureddataforvehiclemaintenanceisimportant,butmoreimportantistodeterminewhetheremissionsfromvehiclesqualifiedtoprovideabasisfortheenvironmentalprotectiondepartmentstoprovideaccuratedetectionandrichdatamaterial.Thedynamometerwiththeexhaustgasanalyzercanbeindifferentworkingconditionsundertheconditionsofvehicleemissionstesting,testingstandardsfullyinlinewiththeintroductionofanewnationalstandard(GB14761-1999).Thefollowingchassisdynamometeratconstantspeed,forexample,analysisofmeasurementresults.Experimentalconditions:theinitialspeedof60km/h,theterminationrateof80km/h,speedstepof5km,constantandstablepoint5.TestvehiclefortheSantanasedan.Inconstantspeedmodewithexhaustgasanalyzer,wecarriedouttheengineoutputpower,wheeltorqueandpoweroutput,transmissionlossofpower,CO,CO2,HC,O2,eightparametersweremeasured,andthespeed,power,torqueforreal-timemonitoring.Inthisexperiment,thewheelandexperiencethepoweroutputvalues​​match,theengineoutputpowerwheelpoweroutputofpowerandtransmissionlossesand.Maximumpoweroutputofthecorrespondingwheelspeedof75km/h.Transmissionlossofpowertotestthevehicledrivepowerisanimportantparameterpassing,itisdirectlyrelatedtothecar'sdynamicperformance.Multi-functionchassisdynamometerisamotortransportandmaintenanceindustry,comprehensiveperformanceinspectionstations,environmentalprotection,transportation(carsscrappedinthefuturewillbeaccordingtotheirdynamicperformanceandemissionsperformancemaybe)andothernecessarytestequipmentindustry,withbroadmarketprospects.Bycomputer-controllededdycurrentdynamometerloadtoachieveresistancesimulation,differentconditionscanbemeasuredvehicledynamicperformanceandenvironmentalperformance(emissionsperformance),andhascorrection,theactualmeasurementdataclosertothecarwhendrivingdata.Thedynamometerspeedcontrolthroughtheadaptivecontrolalgorithmtoimprovethecar'sconstantstabilityandachieveadynamicperformanceandenvironmentalperformanceofcontinuousmeasurement.

附录B多功能汽车底盘测功机随着汽车工业的迅猛发展，交通事故及环境污染对人类生命的威胁越来越大，因而汽车检测技术的重要性日益突出出来，各种检测设备也应运而生。作为大型实验设备，汽车底盘测功机可以模拟汽车道路试验的各种工况，完成汽车的经济性试验、动力性试验、排放性能评价与分析、可靠性试验以及与汽车传动系统有关的专项试验。它在汽车试验研究、产品开发和新车及在用车质量检测中是不可或缺的。使用汽车底盘测功机完成汽车试验及各类型的质量检测与通常的道路试验相比具有试验速度快、精度高、费用低、数据稳定、可比性好等优点。鉴于汽车底盘测功机的以上优点，国内许多厂家先后研制开发了一系列测功机产品，这些产品主要用于检测轴重10t以下的汽车底盘输出功率，最大吸收功率为150kW。检测项目主要是：汽车底盘的输出功率、驱动力、车速、加速性能、滑行性能、以及车速表和里程表的准确性等等。但是国内测功机产品还有许多不完善的地方，亟待解决。例如：汽车在不同工况、不同负载等状态下，其动力性能不能实现连续测量，控制系统、控制方法比较落后。本文正是针对这些不足，在控制系统、控制方法上进行了改进，实现了不同工况、不同负载的状态下，对汽车动力性能进行准确可靠的连续测量，并且增加了排放的连续测量功能。此外，参照国外先进技术及经验，利用计算机技术对汽车有关传动损耗、滚动阻力、海拔高度、气温等参数进行模拟和修正。多功能汽车底盘测功机（以下简称测功机）是一种新型底盘测功机。该机的测量和控制系统是实现其强大功能的关键设备。测功机检测控制系统中的控制微机采用高性能的工业控制计算机，整个测控系统包括计算机、显示器、键盘、鼠标、打印机，输入输出端子板，多功能PC总线接口卡、可控硅及其控制电路，所有部件全部安装在1．8m高的标准19寸工业控制柜中。测控系统加上测功机的机械部分（台架）构成了整个测功机。测控系统通过台架上的压力传感器、速度传感器、气动举升机和电涡流机等装置，完成对测功机的测量和控制。多功能PC总线接口板是计算机和测量控制通道的接口设备，现场模拟信号的放大和模数转换、开关量信号的测量都由它完成，该接口卡还能控制多个执行机构的动作，另外该卡还提供了用于频率测量的计数器接口。在台架上汽车驱动轮带动滚筒转动，滚筒转动经光电解码器产生脉冲输出，接入多功能卡的计数器，测量速度和行驶距离。汽车在台架上行驶时，其驱动能对滚筒的作用力经电涡流机耦合在压力传感器上，由输入通道将信号送入计算机，与速度信号结合可测量汽车的动力性能。在实际测量过程中，实测的速度信号与设定速度比较，根据偏差按一定的算法调整阻力（电涡流机励磁电流），使车速能稳定在给定值，完成恒速条件下各种数据的测量。测功机的应用软件由测量控制程序、登录程序和数据库服务程序构成，程序设计采用先进的C/S（客户/服务器）设计方法。测量控制程序和登录程序是客户端程序，它们与数据库的数据交换是通过数据库服务程序完成，数据库结构对用户是透明的，方便本系统与其他机动车检测设备或管理网络连接。登录程序完成用户对车辆的基本信息、检测项目的初始设定；测量控制程序是该系统的核心程序，其主要功能是完成对硬件信号的测量和控制、按登录程序设定的检测要求完成各项检测任务，另外该程序还提供参数设定、检测结果查询、打印等辅助功能。电涡流机又称电涡流测功器，是基于涡流电流（物理学上也称傅科电流）进行工作的设备。它由定子和转子两部分组成。定子部分包括定子架和装在上面的励磁线圈。定子框架周围有孔，励磁线圈装在孔内。定子框架中心部分轮毂，借助两个滚动轴承支撑在转子轴上。转子部分包括转子轴和固定在该轴上的两个转子，两个转子分别位于定子部分的两端，转子轴可以被外力带动而自由转动。转子的内侧端面与定子的端面保持很小的间隙，该间隙电磁学上称为气隙。该转子的内侧面是十分光滑的平面，涡流电流就产生在这个光滑平面上。电涡流机的励磁绕组通入电流时，磁通经定子、涡流环、气隙、转子构成闭合磁路。当汽车驱动轮带动滚筒及电涡流机转子旋转时，由于磁通密度发生变化使转子表面产生涡流电流，该涡流电流与磁场相互作用，产生反向制动力矩，使定子绕主轴轴线摆动。该制动力矩通过杠杆传递给压力传感器，由压力传感器给出相应的电信号，经计算处理后，可得出汽车瞬时的动力参数。调节励磁电流大小，即可改变电涡流机的制动力矩，同时相应改变汽车车速，不断变化的励磁电流与车速形成闭合环，并最终实现恒速或恒力下的功率测量。电涡流机具有最大的速度和载荷范围。此外它体积小，造价低，更适合于操纵自动化。交流电机（异步电机）具有最小的速度（800～1500r/min）和载荷范围，稳定性较差，小负荷具有很硬的特性。直流电机制动装置具有很高的使用性能，操作方便，工况稳定，过渡简易且平稳，但它的试验台造价高，低速制动扭矩小，因而限制了应用。本系统之所以选择电涡流机作为加