单片机原理及应用（双语版·新形态版） 课件 第2章MCS51单片机的硬件结构

IntroductoryMicrocontrollerTheoryandApplicationsChapter2TheHardwareoftheMCS-51MicrocontrollerOscillatorInterruptCPUROMRAMTimer1Timer0I/OportsSerialExternalinterruptsCounterinputsP0P1P2P3TXDRXD8051MicrocontrollerOscillatorInterruptCPUROMRAMTimer1Timer0I/OportsSerialExternalinterruptsCounterinputsP0P1P2P3TXDRXDToholdprogram程序16-bitaddressbus8-bitdatabus数据总线8-bitaddressbus地址总线OscillatorInterruptCPUROMRAMTimer1Timer0I/OportsSerialExternalinterruptsCounterinputsP0P1P2P3TXDRXD中央处理器中断振荡器定时器串口OscillatorInterruptCPUROMRAMTimer1Timer0I/OportsSerialExternalinterruptsCounterinputsP0P1P2P3TXDRXDMOVP3,23hOscillatorInterruptCPUROMRAMTimer1Timer0I/OportsSerialExternalinterruptsCounterinputsP0P1P2P3TXDRXDMOVP3,23hMOVP3,23hOscillatorInterruptCPUROMRAMTimer1Timer0I/OportsSerialExternalinterruptsCounterinputsP0P1P2P3TXDRXDMOVP3,23hOscillatorInterruptCPUROMRAMTimer1Timer0I/OportsSerialExternalinterruptsCounterinputsP0P1P2P3TXDRXDMOVP3,23h40239133843753663573483393210311130122913281427152616251724182319222021P1.0P1.1P1.2P1.3P1.4P1.5P1.6P1.7P2.7P2.6P2.5P2.4P2.3P2.2P2.1P2.0Vcc+5vP0.0P0.1P0.2P0.3P0.4P0.5P0.6VssGNDXTAL2P3.0RXDRSTP3.1TXDP3.2INT0P3.3INT1P3.4T0P3.5T1P3.6WRP3.7RDXTAL1P0.7Vpp/EAPROG/ALEPSEN805140239133843753663573483393210311130122913281427152616251724182319222021P1.0P1.1P1.2P1.3P1.4P1.5P1.6P1.7P2.7P2.6P2.5P2.4P2.3P2.2P2.1P2.0Vcc+5vP0.0P0.1P0.2P0.3P0.4P0.5P0.6VssGNDXTAL2P3.0RXDRSTP3.1TXDP3.2INT0P3.3INT1P3.4T0P3.5T1P3.6WRP3.7RDXTAL1P0.7Vpp/EAPROG/ALEPSEN8051P1P0P2P3PinAlternateDescriptionP3.0RXDSerialportreceivepinP3.1TXDSerialporttransmitpinP3.2/INT0Interrupt0inputP3.3/INT1Interrupt1inputP3.4T0Timer/Counter0inputP3.5T1Timer/Counter1inputP3.6/WRWriteEnable(externalchips)P3.7/RDReadEnable(externalchips)Port3AlternateFunctions16-bitaddressbus8-bitaddressbusOscillatorInterruptCPUROMRAMTimer1Timer0I/OportsSerialExternalinterruptsCounterinputsP0P1P2P3TXDRXD8051MicrocontrollerOscillatorInterruptCPUROMRAMTimer1Timer0I/OportsSerialExternalinterruptsCounterinputsP0P1P2P3TXDRXD8051MicrocontrollerCPU算术逻辑运算单元ArithmeticandLogicalUnitTYPESOFMEMORYARRANGEMENTVonNeumannarrangement00010C0B0A0908070605040302TYPESOFMEMORYARRANGEMENT冯·诺依曼JohnVonNeumannVonNeumannarrangement00010C0B0A0908070605040302TYPESOFMEMORYARRANGEMENT4B44016F2326A3554745DataProgramVonNeumannarrangementHarvardarrangement00010C0B0A09080706050403A02CBDTYPESOFMEMORYARRANGEMENT哈佛大学12345VonNeumannarchitectureOneaddress=onehouseBulawayo,Zimbabwe12345123451234512345HarvardarchitectureOneaddress=manyhousesFivetypesofmemoryExternalRAMExternalROM8051InternalROMSpecialFunctionRegistersInternalRAM特殊功能寄存器00hFFh80h7FhFFFF0000Datamemory8051MemoryMap内存分配数据存储器UpperdatamemoryLowerdatamemory00hFFh80h7FhFFFF0000Datamemory8051MemoryMap内存分配SpecialFunctionRegisters特殊功能寄存器00hFFh80h7FhFFFF0000DatamemorySpecialFunctionRegistersDatamemory8051MemoryMap内存分配数据存储器00hFFh80h7FhFFFF0000DatamemorySpecialFunctionRegistersDatamemoryProgramCodememory8051MemoryMap内存分配程序存储器00hFFh80h7FhFFFF0000DatamemorySpecialFunctionRegistersDatamemoryProgramCodememory8051MemoryMap内存分配InternalExternalFivetypesofmemoryExternalRAMExternalROM8051InternalROMSpecialFunctionRegistersInternalRAMDataMemoryDataMemCodeMemoryCodeMemorySFRs0080FFFFFFFFFF0000InternalRAMInternalROMExternalROMExternalRAMHowdoesthe8051knowwhichtypeofmemory?DataMemoryDataMemCodeMemoryCodeMemorySFRs0080FFFFFFFFFF0000MOVInternalRAMInternalROMExternalROMExternalRAMDataMemoryDataMemCodeMemoryCodeMemorySFRs0080FFFFFFFFFF0000MOVInternalRAMInternalROMExternalROMExternalRAMDataMemoryDataMemCodeMemoryCodeMemorySFRs0080FFFFFFFFFF0000MOV(indirect)InternalRAMInternalROMExternalROMExternalRAMDataMemoryDataMemCodeMemoryCodeMemorySFRs0080FFFFFFFFFF0000MOVX(indirect)InternalRAMInternalROMExternalROMExternalRAMDataMemoryDataMemCodeMemoryCodeMemorySFRs0080FFFFFFFFFF0000MOVC(indirect)InternalRAMInternalROMExternalROMExternalRAMDataMemoryDataMemCodeMemoryCodeMemorySFRs0080FFFFFFFFFF0000MOVC(indirect)InternalRAMInternalROMExternalROMExternalRAMDataMemoryDataMemCodeMemoryCodeMemorySFRs0080FFFFFFFFFF0000HowdoesitknowwhichCodeMemorytouse?InternalRAMInternalROMExternalROMExternalRAM40239133843753663573483393210311130122913281427152616251724182319222021P1.0P1.1P1.2P1.3P1.4P1.5P1.6P1.7P2.7P2.6P2.5P2.4P2.3P2.2P2.1P2.0Vcc+5vP0.0P0.1P0.2P0.3P0.4P0.5P0.6VssGNDXTAL2P3.0RXDRSTP3.1TXDP3.2INT0P3.3INT1P3.4T0P3.5T1P3.6WRP3.7RDXTAL1P0.7Vpp/EAPROG/ALEPSEN8051EA=ExternalAccessIfLowthenExternalMemoryIfHighthenInternalMemory+5VDataMemoryDataMemCodeMemoryCodeMemorySFRs0080FFFFFFFFFF0000InternalRAMInternalROMExternalROMExternalRAMEA=lowEA=highPleasetrythefollowing.. Question2.10.9 Question2.10.10 Question2.10.11 Question2.10.12 Question2.10.13Question2.10.9 Whichmemoryarrangementis foundinthe8051?HarvardarrangementACBD00hFFh80h7FhDatamemorySpecialFunctionRegisters83hQuestion2.10.10Address83h-directaddressingDirectaddressingaccessestheSFRsQuestion2.10.11EA=ExternalAccessIfLowthenExternalMemoryIfHighthenInternalMemoryIfEApinisHigh(+5V)thenInternalROMisaccessed00hFFh80h7FhDatamemorySpecialFunctionRegisters83hQuestion2.10.12Address83h-indirectaddressingIndirectaddressingaccessestheupperdatamemory00hFFh80h7FhQuestion2.10.13HighestaddressinInternalDatamemory?Highestaddress=FFh =255RegisterBanksAwaytomakeprogrammingeasierGivenamestomemorylocationsinInternalRAM00RegisterBanks07080F1017181FRegisterBank0RegisterBank1RegisterBank2RegisterBank3R0R7R0R7R0R7R0R7寄存器组RegisterBank3AddressofR6?RegisterBank0AddressofR4?WhatisaStack?TheStack堆栈inthe8051RatherlikeastackofplatesLIFOLastInFirstOutCoreMemoryStack19501.Datastorage数据存储2.Temporarystorageinaprogram暂存3.Returnaddressesforsubroutines 子程序返回地址4.Savingstatusinformation状态信息5.Interruptreturnaddresses 中断返回地址What’stheStackusedfor?BaseEndGrowingupwards基地址AddnewitemsontopBaseEndGrowingupwardsTheStackisinInternalRAM易失性存储器WhereistheStack?00hFFh80h7FhFFFF0000DatamemorySpecialFunctionRegistersDatamemoryProgramCodememory8051MemoryMap内存分配TheStackisinInternalRAM易失性存储器StackPointer栈指针StackPointer(8-bit)containstheaddressofthelastitemonthestackSTACKStackPointerStackPointerWhenthe8051isRESET–SPissetto07h07h1110000008h09h0Ah06h05h04h03hBaseDatamemorySpecialFunctionRegistersDatamemoryProgramCodememoryTheStackPointerisaSpecialFunctionRegister

WhereistheStackPointer?PUSH36hStackPointer36h37h35hXXXXPOP37hStackPointer36h37h35hXXXXBit 位Byte 字节 Bit-addressableRAM 位可寻址存储器Byte-addressableRAM 字节可寻址存储器

1101001110F00101F202F30RegisterBanksBit-addressableareaInternalDataRAMBit-addressableRAMByteBitaddressesaddBit7Bit6Bit5Bit4Bit3Bit2Bit1Bit02F2F.72F.62F.52F.42F.32F.22F.12F.02E2E.72E.62E.52E.42E.32E.22E.12E.02222.722.622.522.422.322.222.122.02121.721.621.521.421.321.221.121.02020.720.620.520.420.320.220.120.0ByteBitaddressesaddBit7Bit6Bit5Bit4Bit3Bit2Bit1Bit02F7F7E7D7C7B7A79782E7776757473727170221716151413121110210F0E0D0COB0A09082007060504030201002F.7h=7Fh20.0h=00hHowdoweknowifthenumberisabitorbyteaddress?…bythetypeofinstructionINC7Fh {Increment}SETB7Fh {Setbit}ByteBitPleasetrythefollowing..(Page28)Question2.10.14Question2.10.15Question2.10.16Question2.10.17Question2.10.18Question2.10.19Question2.10.14ForRegisterBank3whatisaddressofR4?Question2.10.15WhatishighestaddressinBank1?ForBank3,R0isat18h.ThereforeR4isat1Ch.07080F1017181F0123R0R7R0R7ForBank1,R0isat08h.ThereforeR7isat0Fh.Question2.10.16Whichbytehasbit-address7Ah?Question2.10.17Whatisbit-addressof27h.6?Question2.10.18Bit-addressofbit2inbyte21h?Question2.10.19StackpointerafteraPOPoperation?Bit-address=3EhByteis2FhBit-address=0AhDecrementedClockOscillator晶振VssGNDXTAL2XTAL1805130pF30pFExternalCrystal11.0592MHzVssGNDXTAL2XTAL18051ExternalClockSignalExternalclockClockOscillator晶振40239133843753663573483393210311130122913281427152616251724182319222021P1.0P1.1P1.2P1.3P1.4P1.5P1.6P1.7P2.7P2.6P2.5P2.4P2.3P2.2P2.1P2.0Vcc+5vP0.0P0.1P0.2P0.3P0.4P0.5P0.6VssGNDXTAL2P3.0RXDRSTP3.1TXDP3.2INT0P3.3INT1P3.4T0P3.5T1P3.6WRP3.7RDXTAL1P0.7Vpp/EAPROG/ALEPSEN80518051RESETOperationThemeaningof“Cycles”ClockcycleMachinecycleClockfrequency=Oscillatorfrequency=Crystalfrequency时钟周期机器周期ForExample：WhentheCrystalFrequency=12MHZthen….8051RESETOperationVssGND+5VRESET8051Resetswitch5VToResetthe8051:-MakeRESETpinHigh(>2.5V)formorethan 2machinecycles2.MakeRESETpinLow(<2.5V)Whenbelow2.5V,microcontrollerwillresetVssGND+5VRESET0123451234567cyclesVReset8051resetsSwitchclosed8051RESETOperationVssGND+5VRESET8051Resetswitch5VPowerswitchVssGND+5VRESET0123451234567cyclesVReset8051resetsWhatdoesRESETdo?

Startstheprogramrunningat address0000h00hFFFF0000ProgramCodememory8051MemoryMap内存分配InternalExternal8051runsprogramfrom0000hWhatdoesRESETdo?

Startstheprogramrunningat address0000hPutsinitial初始值valuesin theSpecialFunctionRegisters (SFRs)WhatdoesRESETdo?SFRnameValueSFRnameValueA(ACC)00PSW00B00SBUF00DPTR00SCON00IE00SP07hIP00TCON00P0FFhTH000P1FFhTL000P2FFhTH100P3FFhTL100PCON00TMOD00ParallelInput/OutputPortsI/OportsP0P1P2P340239133843753663573483393210311130122913281427152616251724182319222021P1.0P1.1P1.2P1.3P1.4P1.5P1.6P1.7P2.7P2.6P2.5P2.4P2.3P2.2P2.1P2.0Vcc+5vP0.0P0.1P0.2P0.3P0.4P0.5P0.6VssGNDXTAL2P3.0RXDRSTP3.1TXDP3.2INT0P3.3INT1P3.4T0P3.5T1P3.6WRP3.7RDXTAL1P0.7Vpp/EAPROG/ALEPSEN8051P1P0P2P3ReferenceasBITSReferenceasBYTESAlternate切换功能functionpinsSimplifiedPortCircuit接口电路P1.0+5VDataWriteenableDQReadenableToCPUSimplifiedPortCircuit(Write)P1.0+5VDQCK0TurnonCLRP1.0DataWriteenableReadenable010SimplifiedPortCircuit(Write)P1.0+5VDQCK1TurnoffSETBP1.0DataWriteenableReadenable011SimplifiedPortCircuitP1.0+5VDataWriteenableDQReadenableSink2mA0SimplifiedPortCircuitP1.0+5VDataWriteenableDQReadenableSource60mA1SimplifiedPortCircuitP1.0+5VDataWriteenableDQReadenableSink2mASource60mA灌电流拉电流LowZHighZPortCurrentCapability8051P1.48051P1.4LEDLEDGND+5V60mA2mASETBP1.4CLRP1.410SimplifiedPortCircuit(Read)P1.0+5VDQCKTurnoffDataWriteenableReadenable10SETBP1.0MOVC,P1.011READINGPORTSPutportinhi-Zstate(byoutputting1s)2.Copydatafromport40239133843753663573483393210311130122913281427152616251724182319222021P1.0P1.1P1.2P1.3P1.4P1.5P1.6P1.7P2.7P2.6P2.5P2.4P2.3P2.2P2.1P2.0Vcc+5vP0.0P0.1P0.2P0.3P