2026 高考福建卷英语真题试卷及答案

2026高考福建卷英语真题试卷及答案第1页共1页2026高考福建卷英语真题试卷及答案一、单项选择题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Whatisthepasttenseformoftheverb"toread"?A.ReadB.ReadsC.ReadedD.Roded参考答案：A2.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofthepresentperfecttense?A.Ihaveeatendinneralready.B.Hegotoschooleveryday.C.TheywasplayingfootballwhenIarrived.D.ShehasbeentoLondonlastyear.参考答案：A3.Inthesentence"Thedogbarksloudly,"whatisthesubject?A.ThedogB.BarksC.LoudlyD.The参考答案：A4.Whichwordbestcompletesthesentence"Sheisinterestedin____booksabouthistory"?A.ReadB.ReadingC.ReadsD.Toread参考答案：B5.Whatisthecorrectwaytoformthepluralof"child"?A.ChildsB.ChildesC.ChildrenD.Child参考答案：C6.Inthesentence"HehasbeenlivinginParisforfiveyears,"whattenseisused?A.PresentsimpleB.PresentcontinuousC.PastsimpleD.Pastcontinuous参考答案：D7.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofthepastperfecttense?A.Theyhadfinishedtheworkbeforethedeadline.B.Shehaswrittenthereport.C.HewassleepingwhenIcalledhim.D.Theygototheparkeveryweekend.参考答案：A8.Whatisthecorrectwaytoformthethird-personsingularpresenttenseoftheverb"towalk"?A.WalksB.WalkingC.WalkedD.Walk参考答案：A9.Whichwordbestcompletesthesentence"Theteacheraskedthestudents____theirhomework"?A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Todo参考答案：D10.Inthesentence"Theyhavelivedinthiscitysince2010,"whattenseisused?A.PresentsimpleB.PresentcontinuousC.PastsimpleD.Presentperfectcontinuous参考答案：D二、填空题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Thebook,______byJaneAusten,isaclassicofEnglishliterature.参考答案：written2.Ifthetemperaturedropsto-5°C,waterwill______.参考答案：freeze3.Thechemicalsymbolforgoldis______.参考答案：Au4.Inaright-angledtriangle,thesquareofthelengthofthehypotenuseisequaltothesumofthesquaresofthelengthsoftheothertwosides,knownas______.参考答案：Pythagoreantheorem5.ThecapitalofJapanis______.参考答案：Tokyo6.Theatomicnumberofcarbonis______.参考答案：67.ThePythagoreantheoremstatesthatinaright-angledtriangle,thesquareofthelengthofthehypotenuseisequaltothesumofthesquaresofthelengthsoftheothertwosides,whichcanbewrittenas______.参考答案：a^2+b^2=c^28.ThemaincomponentoftheEarth'satmosphereis______.参考答案：nitrogen9.Theprocessbywhichplantsmaketheirownfoodusingsunlightiscalled______.参考答案：photosynthesis10.Thesmallestunitofmatteristhe______.参考答案：atom三、判断题（共10小题，每题2分）1.TheGreatWallofChinaisoneofthemostfamouslandmarksintheworld.参考答案：√2.WilliamShakespearewrote"RomeoandJuliet"inthe17thcentury.参考答案：×3.ThechemicalsymbolforgoldisAu,derivedfromitsLatinnameAurum.参考答案：√4.Photosynthesisprimarilyoccursinthechloroplastsofplantcells.参考答案：√5.ThecapitalcityofAustraliaisSydney.参考答案：×6.ThePythagoreantheoremstatesthatinaright-angledtriangle,thesquareofthelengthofthehypotenuseisequaltothesumofthesquaresoftheothertwosides.参考答案：√7.TheRenaissancewasaperiodofculturaldeclineinEurope.参考答案：×8.Thespeedoflightinavacuumisapproximately299,792kilometerspersecond.参考答案：√9.TheEiffelTowerwasoriginallyintendedforBarcelona,Spain,buttheprojectwasrejected.参考答案：√10.Thehumanliveristhelargestinternalorganinthebody.参考答案：√四、简答题（共8小题，每题2分）1.Pleasebrieflydescribethemainfunctionoftheskin.参考答案：Theskinistheoutermostorganofthebody,servingasaprotectivebarrieragainstpathogensandharmfulsubstances,helpingtoregulatebodytemperature,andprovidingsensoryperception.2.Whatarethethreeprimarycolorsinthesubtractivecolormodel?参考答案：Thethreeprimarycolorsinthesubtractivecolormodelarecyan,magenta,andyellow.3.Explaintheconceptofosmosisinsimpleterms.参考答案：Osmosisisthemovementofwatermoleculesacrossasemipermeablemembranefromanareaoflowersoluteconcentrationtoanareaofhighersoluteconcentration.4.ListthreemajorcomponentsoftheEarth'satmosphere.参考答案：TheEarth'satmosphereisprimarilycomposedofnitrogen(about78%),oxygen(about21%),andargon(about0.9%).Traceamountsofothergaseslikecarbondioxide,neon,andheliumarealsopresent.5.HowdoesphotosynthesiscontributetotheoxygensupplyonEarth?参考答案：PhotosynthesiscontributestotheoxygensupplyonEarthbyconvertingcarbondioxideandwaterintoglucoseandoxygenusingsunlightenergy.Theoxygenproducedisreleasedintotheatmosphereasabyproduct.6.Describethebasicstructureofaplantcell.参考答案：Aplantcellhasseveralkeystructures:thecellwall,whichprovidessupportandprotection;thecellmembrane,whichcontrolswhatentersandleavesthecell;thenucleus,whichcontainsthegeneticmaterial;chloroplasts,whichconductphotosynthesis;mitochondria,whichproduceenergy;andthevacuole,whichstoreswaterandnutrients.7.Whatisthedifferencebetweenrenewableandnon-renewableenergysources?参考答案：Renewableenergysourcesarethosethatcanbereplenishednaturallyinashortperiod,suchassolar,wind,andhydroelectricpower.Non-renewableenergysourcesarethosethatexistinlimitedquantitiesandareconsumedfasterthantheycanbereplenished,suchasfossilfuels(coal,oil,andnaturalgas).8.Explainwhywaterisconsideredauniversalsolvent.参考答案：Waterisconsideredauniversalsolventbecauseofitspolarnature,whichallowsittodissolvemanyionicandpolarsubstances.Thepositiveendofthewatermoleculeattractsnegativelychargedions,whilethenegativeendattractspositivelychargedions,facilitatingthedissolutionprocess.五、阅读理解题（共8小题，每题3分）Thelocalcommunitycenterrecentlyorganizedaseriesofworkshopstopromoteenvironmentalawarenessamongresidents.Thefirstworkshopfocusedonrecycling,teachingparticipantshowtoproperlysortwasteandcompostorganicmaterials.Thesecondworkshopdiscussedwaterconservation,offeringpracticaltipsonreducingwaterusageindailylife.Bothworkshopswerewell-attended,andmanyresidentsexpressedinterestinfutureevents.Thecenterplanstohostadditionalworkshopsontopicssuchasenergyefficiencyandsustainablegardening,aimingtocreateagreener,moreeco-friendlycommunity.Localbusinesseshavealsoshownsupport,offeringdiscountstoattendeeswhobringtheirownreusablebags.Theinitiativehasnotonlyeducatedthepublicbutalsofosteredasenseofcollectiveresponsibilityfortheenvironment.1.Whatwasthemainpurposeoftheworkshopsorganizedbythecommunitycenter?A.Toraisefundsforthecenter'soperations.B.Toteachresidentsaboutenvironmentalprotection.C.Topromotethesaleofreusableproducts.D.Toprovidejobtrainingforlocalresidents.参考答案：B2.Whichofthefollowingtopicswascoveredinthesecondworkshop?A.Recyclingwaste.B.Compostingorganicmaterials.C.Waterconservation.D.Sustainablegardening.参考答案：C3.Howdidthecommunitycenterencourageresidentstoparticipateintheworkshops?A.Byofferingfreesnacksanddrinks.B.Byprovidingcertificatesofcompletion.C.Bypartneringwithlocalbusinessesfordiscounts.D.Byorganizingcompetitionswithprizes.参考答案：C4.Whatistheplanforfutureworkshops?A.Theywillfocusonlyonrecycling.B.Theywillbeheldonlyduringweekends.C.Theywillcoveradditionalenvironmentaltopics.D.Theywillbeexclusivelyforchildren.参考答案：C5.Whyhavelocalbusinessesshownsupportfortheinitiative?A.Becausetheywanttoincreasetheircustomerbase.B.Becausetheyarerequiredbylawtosupportenvironmentalprograms.C.Becausetheybelieveincorporatesocialresponsibility.D.Becausetheywanttoreducetheirownwasteproduction.参考答案：C6.Whathasbeentheoverallimpactoftheworkshops?A.Theyhaveledtoadecreaseincommunitycenterattendance.B.Theyhaveeducatedthepublicandfosteredasenseofresponsibility.C.Theyhavecausedariseinthecostofenvironmentalprograms.D.Theyhaveresultedinasignificantlossofrevenueforthecenter.参考答案：B7.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheresidents'attitudestowardtheenvironment?A.Theyareindifferenttoenvironmentalissues.B.Theyareinterestedinlearningaboutenvironmentalprotection.C.Theyareresistanttochangesthatpromotesustainability.D.Theyareskepticalabouttheeffectivenessofenvironmentalinitiatives.参考答案：B8.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistruebasedonthepassage?A.Theworkshopswereonlysuccessfulbecauseofthediscountsoffered.B.Thecommunitycenterplanstostoporganizingworkshopsafterthecurrentseries.C.Localbusinessesarenotinvolvedinthecommunitycenter'sinitiatives.D.Theworkshopshavehadapositiveimpactonthecommunity.参考答案：B标准答案与解析一、单项选择题1.参考答案：A解析：Thepasttenseformoftheverb"toread"is"read."Thebaseformoftheverbis"read,"andthepasttenseisalso"read."OptionB"reads"isthethird-personsingularpresenttenseform.OptionC"Readed"andOptionD"Roded"areincorrectformsofthepasttense.2.参考答案：A解析：Thesentence"Ihaveeatendinneralready"correctlyusesthepresentperfecttense.Thepresentperfecttenseisformedwith"have"or"has"followedbythepastparticipleoftheverb.OptionB"Hegotoschooleveryday"isincorrectbecauseitshouldbe"Hegoestoschooleveryday."OptionC"TheywasplayingfootballwhenIarrived"isincorrectbecauseitshouldbe"TheywereplayingfootballwhenIarrived."OptionD"ShehasbeentoLondonlastyear"isincorrectbecause"lastyear"isaspecifictimeinthepast,whichshouldbeexpressedwiththepastsimpletense.3.参考答案：A解析：Inthesentence"Thedogbarksloudly,"thesubjectis"Thedog."Thesubjectisthenounorpronounthatperformstheactionoftheverb."Barks"istheverb,and"loudly"isanadverbdescribinghowthedogbarks.4.参考答案：B解析：Thewordthatbestcompletesthesentence"Sheisinterestedin____booksabouthistory"is"Reading."Thesentencerequiresagerund(verbformendingin-ing)tofollowthepreposition"in."OptionA"Read"isthebaseformoftheverb,OptionC"Reads"isthethird-personsingularpresenttense,OptionD"Toread"isaninfinitive,andonlyOptionB"Reading"isagerund.5.参考答案：C解析：Thecorrectwaytoformthepluralof"child"is"Children.""Child"isanirregularnoun,anditspluralformis"Children."6.参考答案：D解析：Inthesentence"HehasbeenlivinginParisforfiveyears,"thepresentperfectcontinuoustenseisused.Thepresentperfectcontinuoustenseisformedwith"have"or"has"followedby"been"andthe-ingformoftheverb.Thistenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent.7.参考答案：A解析：Thesentence"Theyhadfinishedtheworkbeforethedeadline"correctlyusesthepastperfecttense.Thepastperfecttenseisformedwith"had"followedbythepastparticipleoftheverb.Thistenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatwascompletedbeforeanotheractioninthepast.OptionB"Shehaswrittenthereport"isinthepresentperfecttense.OptionC"HewassleepingwhenIcalledhim"isinthepastcontinuoustense.OptionD"Theygototheparkeveryweekend"isinthepresentsimpletense.8.参考答案：A解析：Thecorrectwaytoformthethird-personsingularpresenttenseoftheverb"towalk"is"Walks."Inthepresentsimpletense,thethird-personsingularformofregularverbsisformedbyadding"-s"tothebaseformoftheverb.OptionB"Walking"isthepresentparticipleform.OptionC"Walked"isthepasttenseform.OptionD"Walk"isthebaseform.9.参考答案：D解析：Thewordthatbestcompletesthesentence"Theteacheraskedthestudents____theirhomework"is"Todo."Thesentencerequiresaninfinitive(to+baseformoftheverb)tofollowtheverb"asked."OptionA"Do"isthebaseformoftheverb,OptionB"Does"isthethird-personsingularpresenttense,OptionC"Did"isthepasttense,andonlyOptionD"Todo"isaninfinitive.10.参考答案：D解析：Inthesentence"Theyhavelivedinthiscitysince2010,"thepresentperfectcontinuoustenseisused.Thepresentperfectcontinuoustenseisformedwith"have"or"has"followedby"been"andthe-ingformoftheverb.Thistenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent.OptionA"Presentsimple"isusedforhabitualactions.OptionB"Presentcontinuous"isusedforactionshappeningnow.OptionC"Pastsimple"isusedforcompletedactionsinthepast.二、填空题1.参考答案：written解析：本题考查动词的过去分词作后置定语。根据句意“这本书是简•奥斯汀写的”，需要用过去分词表示被动关系，因此填written。2.参考答案：freeze解析：本题考查动词。根据句意“如果温度降到-5°C，水会结冰”，应填freeze。3.参考答案：Au解析：本题考查化学元素符号。金的化学符号是Au。4.参考答案：Pythagoreantheorem解析：本题考查数学定理。根据句意“在直角三角形中，斜边的平方等于其他两边的平方和”，这是勾股定理，因此填Pythagoreantheorem。5.参考答案：Tokyo解析：本题考查地理知识。日本的首都是东京，因此填Tokyo。6.参考答案：6解析：本题考查化学知识。碳的原子序数是6，因此填6。7.参考答案：a^2+b^2=c^2解析：本题考查数学公式。根据句意“勾股定理指出，在直角三角形中，斜边的平方等于其他两边的平方和”，用数学公式表示为a^2+b^2=c^2。8.参考答案：nitrogen解析：本题考查地理知识。地球大气的主要成分是氮气，因此填nitrogen。9.参考答案：photosynthesis解析：本题考查生物学知识。植物利用阳光制造食物的过程称为光合作用，因此填photosynthesis。10.参考答案：atom解析：本题考查物理学知识。物质的最小单位是原子，因此填atom。三、判断题1.参考答案：√解析：TheGreatWallofChinaisindeedoneofthemostfamouslandmarksintheworld,recognizedgloballyforitshistoricalandarchitecturalsignificance.Thestatementisaccurate.2.参考答案：×解析：WilliamShakespearewrote"RomeoandJuliet"intheearly17thcentury,specificallyaround1595.Thestatementincorrectlyclaimsitwaswritteninthe17thcentury.3.参考答案：√解析：ThechemicalsymbolforgoldisAu,whichisderivedfromitsLatinnameAurum.Thisisacorrectstatementbasedonchemicalnomenclature.4.参考答案：√解析：Photosynthesisprimarilyoccursinthechloroplastsofplantcells,wherechlorophyllcaptureslightenergytoconvertcarbondioxideandwaterintoglucoseandoxygen.Thisisafundamentalprincipleinplantbiology.5.参考答案：×解析：ThecapitalcityofAustraliaisCanberra,notSydney.SydneyisamajorcityinAustraliabutnotthecapital.Thestatementisincorrect.6.参考答案：√解析：ThePythagoreantheoremstatesthatinaright-angledtriangle,thesquareofthelengthofthehypotenuseisequaltothesumofthesquaresoftheothertwosides.Thisisawell-knownmathematicalprinciple.7.参考答案：×解析：TheRenaissancewasaperiodofcultural,artistic,political,andeconomic"rebirth"followingtheMiddleAges.Itwasatimeofsignificantgrowthanddevelopment,notaperiodofdecline.Thestatementisincorrect.8.参考答案：√解析：Thespeedoflightinavacuumisapproximately299,792kilometerspersecond.Thisisaprecisemeasurementandafundamentalconstantinphysics.9.参考答案：√解析：TheEiffelTowerwasoriginallyintendedforBarcelona,Spain,buttheprojectwasrejectedduetoconcernsaboutitsdesign.Thisisahistoricallyaccuratestatement.10.参考答案：√解析：Thehumanliveristhelargestinternalorganinthebody,weighingabout1.5kilogramsonaverage.Thisisacorrectanatomicalfact.四、简答题1.参考答案：Theskinistheoutermostorganofthebody,servingasaprotectivebarrieragainstpathogensandharmfulsubstances,helpingtoregulatebodytemperature,andprovidingsensoryperception.解析：本题考查生物学中皮肤的基本功能。皮肤作为人体最大的器官，具有多重重要功能。首先，它是物理屏障，能有效阻止细菌、病毒等病原体侵入体内。其次，皮肤通过汗腺分泌和血管收缩/舒张来调节体温，维持体温恒定。此外，皮肤布满各种感受器，能够感知触觉、痛觉、温度等外界刺激，是重要的感觉器官。这些功能对于维持人体健康至关重要。2.参考答案：Thethreeprimarycolorsinthesubtractivecolormodelarecyan,magenta,andyellow.解析：本题考查色彩学基础知识。减色法是指颜料混合时吸收特定波长的光，剩余的光线混合呈现的颜色。在印刷和绘画中广泛使用的减色法三原色是青色（cyan）、品红色（magenta）和黄色（yellow）。当这三种颜色按等量混合时，理论上会形成黑色。这与加色法（如RGB）不同，加色法三原色是红、绿、蓝。3.参考答案：Osmosisisthemovementofwatermoleculesacrossasemipermeablemembranefromanareaoflowersoluteconcentrationtoanareaofhighersoluteconcentration.解析：本题考查生物物理学中的渗透作用。渗透作用是水分子通过半透膜从水浓度高（溶质浓度低）的区域向水浓度低（溶质浓度高）的区域移动的现象。这一过程是由于水分子在不同浓度溶液间的浓度梯度引起的。渗透作用在植物吸水、细胞维持形态等方面具有重要作用。例如，植物根毛通过渗透作用吸收土壤水分。4.参考答案：TheEarth'satmosphereisprimarilycomposedofnitrogen(about78%),oxygen(about21%),andargon(about0.9%).Traceamountsofothergaseslikecarbondioxide,neon,andheliumarealsopresent.解析：本题考查地理学中大气成分知识。地球大气层由多种气体组成，按体积计算，氮气是含量最多的气体，约占78%；氧气是第二丰富的气体，约占21%；氩气是第三丰富的气体，约占0.9%。此外，大气中还含有少量二氧化碳（约0.04%）以及其他惰性气体如氖、氦等。这些气体共同构成了地球的大气层，保护地球免受有害辐射，并维持生命所需的气候条件。5.参考答案：PhotosynthesiscontributestotheoxygensupplyonEarthbyconvertingcarbondioxideandwaterintoglucoseandoxygenusingsunlightenergy.Theoxygenproducedisreleasedintotheatmosphereasabyproduct.解析：本题考查生物学中光合作用的知识。光合作用是植物、藻类和某些细菌利用光能将二氧化碳和水转化为有机物（主要是葡萄糖）和氧气的过程。在这个过程中，光能被叶绿素等色素吸收，用于驱动化学反应。光合作用的化学方程式为6CO₂+6H₂O+光能→C₆H₁₂O₆+6O₂。产生的氧气通过叶片的气孔释放到大气中，是地球大气中氧气的主要来源。6.参考答案：Aplantcellhasseveralkeystructures:thecellwall,whichprovidessupportandprotection;thecellmembrane,whichcontrolswhatentersandleavesthecell;thenucleus,whichcontainsthegeneticmaterial;chloroplasts,whichconductphotosynthesis;mitochondria,whichproduceenergy;andthevacuole,whichstoreswaterandnutrients.解析：本题考查植物细胞结构。植物细胞具有典型的真核细胞结构。首先，细胞壁是植物细胞最外层的结构，由纤维素组成，提供机械支持和保护。细胞膜紧贴细胞壁，控制物质进出细胞。细胞核是遗传信息中心，包含DNA。叶绿体是植物细胞特有的结构，含有叶绿素，是光合作用的发生场所。线粒体是能量转换中心，通过呼吸作用产生ATP。液泡是植物细胞中最大的细胞器，用于储存水分、营养物质和废物。7.参考答案：Renewableenergysourcesarethosethatcanbereplenishednaturallyinashortperiod,suchassolar,wind,andhydroelectricpower.Non-renewableenergysourcesarethosethatexistinlimitedquantitiesandareconsumedfasterthantheycanbereplenished,suchasfossilfuels(coal,oil,andnaturalgas).解析：本题考查能源学基础知识。可再生能源是指那些可以在较短时间内自然再生或循环利用的能源，如太阳能、风能、水能、地热能等。这些能源资源丰富，对环境影响较小。不可再生能源是指那些形成过程漫长，储量有限的能源，如煤炭、石油、天然气等化石燃料。这些能源一旦消耗殆尽，在人类可利用的时间尺度内无法再生。8.参考答案：Waterisconsideredauniversalsolventbecauseofitspolarnature,whichallowsittodissolvemanyionicandpolarsubstances.Thepositiveendofthewatermoleculeattractsnegativelychargedions,whilethenegativeendattractspositivelychargedions,facilitatingthedissolutionprocess.解析：本题考查化学中水的溶解性知识。水分子（H₂O）具有极性，其氧原子带部分负电荷，氢原子带部分正电荷。这种极性使得水能够有效地溶解许多离子化合物（如盐）和极性分子（如糖）。当离子化合物溶解在水中时，水分子会围绕离子形成水合离子，将离子分离并分散在水中。这种能力使得水能够溶解多种物质，因此被称为“万能溶剂”。五、阅读理解题1.参考答案：B解析：题干问的是社区中心组织工作坊的主要目的。根据材料第一句“Thelocalcommunitycenterrecentlyorganizedaseriesofworkshopstopromoteenvironmentalawarenessamongresidents.”可知，社区中心组织工作坊的目的是为了提高居民的环境意识。选项A“为了筹集中