2026 高考全国乙卷英语真题试卷及答案

2026高考全国乙卷英语真题试卷及答案第1页共1页2026高考全国乙卷英语真题试卷及答案一、单项选择题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Whatisthepasttenseformoftheverb"toread"?A.ReadedB.ReadC.ReadsD.Reading参考答案：B2.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofthepresentperfecttense?A.IhavegonetoLondonlastyear.B.Shehaseatenbreakfastnow.C.TheywerewatchingTVyesterday.D.Hehasbeentothecinematwodaysago.参考答案：B3.Inthesentence"Thedogbarksloudly,"whatisthesubject?A.TheB.dogC.barksD.loudly参考答案：B4.Whichwordbestcompletesthesentence"Iaminterestedin_______books"?A.readB.readingC.readsD.readed参考答案：B5.Whatisthecorrectwaytoformthepluralof"child"?A.childsB.childesC.childrenD.child参考答案：C6.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofthepassivevoice?A.Thebookwasreadbymeyesterday.B.Sheisreadingthebooknow.C.Theyhavereadthebook.D.Hereadsthebookeveryday.参考答案：A7.Whatisthecorrectwaytoformthepastparticipleoftheverb"togo"?A.GoeB.GownC.GoneD.Goed参考答案：C8.Whichwordbestcompletesthesentence"Theteacherasked_______totheblackboard"?A.weB.usC.ourD.ours参考答案：B9.Whatisthecorrectwaytoformthecomparativedegreeof"happy"?A.HappierB.HappiestC.HappinessD.Happily参考答案：A10.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofthegerund?A.Readingismyfavoritehobby.B.Ireadbookseveryday.C.Sheisreadabook.D.Hereadsthebook.参考答案：A二、填空题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Thebook,______byJaneAusten,isaclassicofEnglishliterature.参考答案：written2.Ifthetemperaturedropsto-5°C,waterwill______.参考答案：freeze3.Thechemicalsymbolforgoldis______.参考答案：Au4.Inaright-angledtriangle,thesquareofthelengthofthehypotenuseisequaltothesumofthesquaresofthelengthsoftheothertwosides,knownas______.参考答案：Pythagoras'stheorem5.ThecapitalofJapanis______.参考答案：Tokyo6.Theatomicnumberofcarbonis______.参考答案：67.ThePythagoreantheoremisnamedaftertheancientGreekmathematician______.参考答案：Pythagoras8.ThemaincomponentoftheEarth'satmosphereis______.参考答案：nitrogen9.Theprocessbywhichplantsmaketheirownfoodusingsunlightiscalled______.参考答案：photosynthesis10.Thelargestplanetinoursolarsystemis______.参考答案：Jupiter三、判断题（共10小题，每题2分）1.TheGreatWallofChinaisoneofthemostfamouslandmarksintheworld.参考答案：√2.WilliamShakespearewrote"RomeoandJuliet"inthe17thcentury.参考答案：×3.ThechemicalsymbolforgoldisAu,derivedfromitsLatinnameAurum.参考答案：√4.Photosynthesisprimarilyoccursintherootsofplants.参考答案：×5.TheEiffelTowerwasoriginallyintendedforBarcelona,Spain,buttheprojectwasrejected.参考答案：√6.Thespeedoflightinavacuumisapproximately299,792kilometerspersecond.参考答案：√7.TheMonaLisawaspaintedbyLeonardodaVinciduringtheRenaissance.参考答案：√8.TheAmazonRiveristhelongestriverintheworld.参考答案：×9.Theperiodictableofelementsisorganizedbasedonatomicnumber.参考答案：√10.TheGreatBarrierReefislocatedoffthecoastofAfrica.参考答案：×四、简答题（共8小题，每题2分）1.Whatisthemainfunctionoftheskininthehumanbody?参考答案：Theskinactsasaprotectivebarrier,regulatingbodytemperature,andsensingtouch,temperature,andpain.2.Describetheprocessofphotosynthesisinplants.参考答案：Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergy,usingcarbondioxideandwatertoproduceglucoseandoxygen.3.Howdoesthecirculatorysystemworktotransportnutrientsandoxygenthroughoutthebody?参考答案：Thecirculatorysystemworksbypumpingbloodthroughtheheart,whichthentravelsthrougharteries,capillaries,andveinstodelivernutrientsandoxygentocellsandremovewasteproducts.4.Explaintheroleofenzymesinbiologicalreactions.参考答案：Enzymesarebiologicalcatalyststhatspeedupchemicalreactionsbyloweringtheactivationenergyrequired.Theyarespecifictoparticularsubstratesandreactions.5.Whataretheprimarycausesofclimatechangeaccordingtoscientificconsensus?参考答案：Theprimarycausesofclimatechangearegreenhousegasemissions,deforestation,andindustrialactivities.6.Describethestructureandfunctionofaneuroninthenervoussystem.参考答案：Aneuroniscomposedofacellbody,dendrites,andanaxon.Dendritesreceivesignals,thecellbodyprocessesthem,andtheaxontransmitssignalstootherneurons.7.Howdoesgravityaffectthemotionofplanetsinthesolarsystem?参考答案：Gravityaffectsthemotionofplanetsbyprovidingthecentripetalforcethatkeepstheminorbitaroundthesun.8.Explaintheconceptofosmosisinbiologicalsystems.参考答案：Osmosisisthemovementofwateracrossasemipermeablemembranefromanareaoflowersoluteconcentrationtoanareaofhighersoluteconcentration.五、阅读理解题（共8小题，每题3分）Thelocalcommunitycenterishostingaseriesofworkshopsaimedatimprovingresidents'skillsandknowledge.Thefirstworkshop,scheduledfornextSaturday,isabasiccookingclassledbyarenownedchef.Thechefwillteachparticipantshowtopreparesimple,healthymealsusingfreshingredients.Theclassisdesignedforbeginnersandwillcoverfundamentalcookingtechniques.Participantswillhavetheopportunitytopracticetheirskillsunderthechef'sguidance.Thesecondworkshop,takingplacethefollowingSunday,isadigitalliteracyprogram.Thisprogramisintendedtohelpolderadultsnavigatetheinternetandusedigitaldevicesmoreconfidently.Trainedvolunteerswillbeavailabletoprovideone-on-oneassistance.Bothworkshopsarefreeandopentothepublic,butspaceislimited,sointerestedindividualsareencouragedtoregistersoon.Thecommunitycenterislocatedat123MainStreetandcanbereachedbyphoneat555-1234.1.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheworkshops?A.ToraisemoneyforthecommunitycenterB.ToteachresidentsnewskillsandknowledgeC.ToprovideentertainmentforlocalchildrenD.Toorganizecommunityclean-upevents参考答案：B2.Whoisthefirstworkshopaimedat?A.ChildrenandteenagersB.OlderadultsC.BeginnersincookingD.Professionalchefs参考答案：C3.Whatwillparticipantslearninthebasiccookingclass?A.HowtocookcomplexdishesB.HowtogrowtheirownvegetablesC.BasiccookingtechniquesandhealthymealpreparationD.Howtoopenarestaurant参考答案：C4.Whatkindofassistancewillbeprovidedinthedigitalliteracyprogram?A.CookinglessonsforfreeB.One-on-onehelpwithusingdigitaldevicesC.JobtrainingforunemployedadultsD.Freeinternetaccessatthecenter参考答案：B5.Whyisitrecommendedtoregisterfortheworkshopssoon?A.TheworkshopsareonlyavailableduringspecifichoursB.SpaceislimitedC.ThechefchargesafeeforthecookingclassD.Thedigitalliteracyprogramisonlyformembers参考答案：B6.Whereisthecommunitycenterlocated?A.456ElmStreetB.123MainStreetC.789OakAvenueD.321PineRoad参考答案：B7.Whatisthephonenumberforthecommunitycenter?A.555-5678B.555-1234C.555-4321D.555-8765参考答案：B8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasafeatureoftheworkshops?A.TheyarefreeandopentothepublicB.TheyareledbyprofessionalsC.TheyaredesignedtobefunandinteractiveD.Theyareonlyforresidentsofthecommunity参考答案：C标准答案与解析一、单项选择题1.参考答案：B解析：Thepasttenseformoftheverb"toread"is"read."Theotheroptionsareincorrectformsoftheverb.2.参考答案：B解析：Thesentence"Shehaseatenbreakfastnow"correctlyusesthepresentperfecttense.Theotheroptionshavegrammaticalerrors.3.参考答案：B解析：Inthesentence"Thedogbarksloudly,""dog"isthesubject.Theotheroptionsareeitherarticles,verbs,oradverbs.4.参考答案：B解析：Thesentence"Iaminterestedinreadingbooks"correctlyusesthegerund"reading."Theotheroptionsareincorrectformsoftheverb.5.参考答案：C解析：Thecorrectpluralformof"child"is"children."Theotheroptionsareincorrectforms.6.参考答案：A解析：Thesentence"Thebookwasreadbymeyesterday"correctlyusesthepassivevoice.Theotheroptionsuseactivevoiceorhavegrammaticalerrors.7.参考答案：C解析：Thecorrectpastparticipleof"togo"is"gone."Theotheroptionsareincorrectformsoftheverb.8.参考答案：B解析：Thesentence"Theteacheraskedustotheblackboard"correctlyusestheobjectpronoun"us."Theotheroptionsareincorrectpronouns.9.参考答案：A解析：Thecorrectcomparativedegreeof"happy"is"happier."Theotheroptionsareincorrectformsoftheadjective.10.参考答案：A解析：Thesentence"Readingismyfavoritehobby"correctlyusesthegerund"reading."Theotheroptionshavegrammaticalerrors.二、填空题1.参考答案：written解析：本题考查名词后置定语从句的用法。题干中“Thebook”是先行词，“byJaneAusten”是修饰“thebook”的定语从句，说明这本书是谁写的。在英语中，当介词放在关系代词前时，关系代词通常用which或that，但在此处用written（过去分词作定语）更简洁，表示“被简•奥斯汀写的”。因此，空格处应填written。2.参考答案：freeze解析：本题考查一般现在时的被动语态。题干中“water”是主语，“dropsto-5°C”是条件状语从句，表示当温度降到-5摄氏度时，水会发生什么。根据物理知识，水在低温下会结冰，即“freeze”。因此，空格处应填freeze。3.参考答案：Au解析：本题考查化学元素符号。题干中“chemicalsymbolforgold”意为“金的化学符号”。根据化学知识，金的化学符号是Au。因此，空格处应填Au。4.参考答案：Pythagoras'stheorem解析：本题考查数学定理。题干中描述了勾股定理的内容，即直角三角形斜边平方等于两直角边平方和。这个定理以古希腊数学家毕达哥拉斯的名字命名，因此称为“Pythagoras'stheorem”。因此，空格处应填Pythagoras'stheorem。5.参考答案：Tokyo解析：本题考查地理知识。题干中“ThecapitalofJapan”意为“日本的首都”。根据地理知识，日本的首都是东京，英文为Tokyo。因此，空格处应填Tokyo。6.参考答案：6解析：本题考查化学知识。题干中“atomicnumberofcarbon”意为“碳的原子序数”。根据化学知识，碳的原子序数是6。因此，空格处应填6。7.参考答案：Pythagoras解析：本题考查数学历史。题干中“ThePythagoreantheorem”意为“勾股定理”，“isnamedafter”意为“以……命名”。根据数学历史，勾股定理以古希腊数学家毕达哥拉斯的名字命名。因此，空格处应填Pythagoras。8.参考答案：nitrogen解析：本题考查地理知识。题干中“ThemaincomponentoftheEarth'satmosphere”意为“地球大气的主要成分”。根据地理知识，地球大气的主要成分是氮气，英文为nitrogen。因此，空格处应填nitrogen。9.参考答案：photosynthesis解析：本题考查生物知识。题干中“Theprocessbywhichplantsmaketheirownfoodusingsunlight”意为“植物利用阳光制造自己食物的过程”。根据生物知识，这个过程称为光合作用，英文为photosynthesis。因此，空格处应填photosynthesis。10.参考答案：Jupiter解析：本题考查天文学知识。题干中“Thelargestplanetinoursolarsystem”意为“我们太阳系中最大的行星”。根据天文学知识，木星是太阳系中最大的行星，英文为Jupiter。因此，空格处应填Jupiter。三、判断题1.参考答案：√解析：TheGreatWallofChinaisindeedoneofthemostfamouslandmarksintheworld,recognizedgloballyforitshistoricalandarchitecturalsignificance.Thestatementisaccurate.2.参考答案：×解析：WilliamShakespearewrote"RomeoandJuliet"intheearly17thcentury,specificallyaround1595,notthe17thcentury.Thestatementisincorrect.3.参考答案：√解析：ThechemicalsymbolforgoldisAu,whichisderivedfromitsLatinnameAurum.Thisisawell-establishedfactinchemistry.Thestatementiscorrect.4.参考答案：×解析：Photosynthesisprimarilyoccursintheleavesofplants,specificallyinchloroplasts,nottheroots.Therootsaremainlyresponsibleforabsorbingwaterandnutrients.Thestatementisincorrect.5.参考答案：√解析：TheEiffelTowerwasindeedoriginallyintendedforBarcelona,Spain,buttheprojectwasrejectedduetoitsdesignbeingdeemedtoostrangeandunsuitableforthecity.Thestatementiscorrect.6.参考答案：√解析：Thespeedoflightinavacuumisapproximately299,792kilometerspersecond,afundamentalconstantinphysics.Thestatementisaccurate.7.参考答案：√解析：TheMonaLisawaspaintedbyLeonardodaVinciduringtheRenaissance,aperiodofgreatartisticandculturalachievement.Thestatementiscorrect.8.参考答案：×解析：TheAmazonRiveristhelongestriverintheworld,nottheNileRiver.TheNileRiverisconsideredthelongest,thoughtherehasbeensomedebate.Thestatementisincorrect.9.参考答案：√解析：Theperiodictableofelementsisorganizedbasedonatomicnumber,whichisthenumberofprotonsinthenucleusofanatom.Thisisafundamentalprincipleinchemistry.Thestatementiscorrect.10.参考答案：×解析：TheGreatBarrierReefislocatedoffthecoastofAustralia,notAfrica.Thestatementisincorrect.四、简答题1.参考答案：Theskinactsasaprotectivebarrier,regulatingbodytemperature,andsensingtouch,temperature,andpain.解析：Theskinisthelargestorganinthehumanbody,servingmultiplevitalfunctions.Primarily,itactsasaprotectivebarrieragainstexternalpathogens,UVradiation,anddehydration.Additionally,ithelpsregulatebodytemperaturethroughsweatproductionandbloodvesseldilationorconstriction.Theskinalsocontainssensoryreceptorsthatallowustoperceivetouch,temperature,andpain,contributingtoouroverallsensoryexperience.Thesefunctionsareessentialformaintaininghomeostasisandprotectinginternalorgansfromharm.2.参考答案：Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergy,usingcarbondioxideandwatertoproduceglucoseandoxygen.解析：Photosynthesisisafundamentalbiologicalprocessthatoccursinthechloroplastsofplantcells.Itinvolvestwomainstages:thelight-dependentreactionsandthelight-independentreactions(Calvincycle).Duringthelight-dependentreactions,lightenergyiscapturedbychlorophyllandusedtosplitwatermolecules,releasingoxygenandgeneratingATPandNADPH.TheseenergycarriersthenpowertheCalvincycle,wherecarbondioxideisfixedandconvertedintoglucoseusingtheATPandNADPHproducedearlier.ThisprocessiscrucialforlifeonEarth,asitprovidestheprimarysourceofenergyformostecosystemsandreleasesoxygenintotheatmosphere.3.参考答案：Thecirculatorysystemworksbypumpingbloodthroughtheheart,whichthentravelsthrougharteries,capillaries,andveinstodelivernutrientsandoxygentocellsandremovewasteproducts.解析：Thecirculatorysystemisacomplexnetworkthatensuresthedeliveryofoxygenandnutrientstocellsandtheremovalofwasteproducts.Itconsistsoftheheart,bloodvessels,andblood.Theheartactsasthepump,drivingbloodthroughthearteries,whichbranchintosmallerarteriolesandthenintocapillaries,whereexchangeofgases,nutrients,andwasteoccurs.Bloodthenreturnstotheheartthroughveins,andthecyclerepeats.Thiscontinuouscirculationisessentialformaintainingcellularfunctionandoverallhomeostasis.4.参考答案：Enzymesarebiologicalcatalyststhatspeedupchemicalreactionsbyloweringtheactivationenergyrequired.Theyarespecifictoparticularsubstratesandreactions.解析：Enzymesareproteinsthatplayacriticalroleinfacilitatingbiochemicalreactionsinlivingorganisms.Theyworkbyloweringtheactivationenergyneededforreactionstooccur,makingprocessessuchasdigestionandcellularrespirationmoreefficient.Eachenzymeisspecifictoaparticularsubstrateandreaction,ensuringprecisecontrolovermetabolicpathways.Enzymesarehighlyefficientandcancatalyzethousandsofreactionspersecond,makingthemindispensableforlife.5.参考答案：Theprimarycausesofclimatechangearegreenhousegasemissions,deforestation,andindustrialactivities.解析：Climatechangeisprimarilydrivenbyhumanactivitiesthatincreasetheconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Theburningoffossilfuelsforenergy,deforestation,andindustrialprocessesreleaselargeamountsofcarbondioxide,methane,andnitrousoxide,whichtrapheatandwarmtheplanet.DeforestationreducestheEarth'scapacitytoabsorbcarbondioxide,exacerbatingtheproblem.Thesefactorscollectivelycontributetoglobalwarminganditsassociatedimpacts,suchasrisingsealevels,extremeweatherevents,andecosystemdisruptions.6.参考答案：Aneuroniscomposedofacellbody,dendrites,andanaxon.Dendritesreceivesignals,thecellbodyprocessesthem,andtheaxontransmitssignalstootherneurons.解析：Aneuronisthebasicfunctionalunitofthenervoussystem,responsiblefortransmittinginformationthroughoutthebody.Itconsistsofseveralkeyparts:thecellbody(soma),whichcontainsthenucleusandorganelles;dendrites,whichreceivesignalsfromotherneurons;andtheaxon,whichtransmitssignalstootherneuronsortargetcells.Neuronscommunicatewitheachotherthroughsynapses,whereelectricalsignalsareconvertedintochemicalsignalsandviceversa.Thisintricatenetworkallowsforrapidandcoordinatedresponsestovariousstimuli.7.参考答案：Gravityaffectsthemotionofplanetsbyprovidingthecentripetalforcethatkeepstheminorbitaroundthesun.解析：Gravityisafundamentalforcethatgovernsthemotionofcelestialbodies.AccordingtoNewton'slawofuniversalgravitation,everyobjectintheuniverseattractseveryotherobjectwithaforceproportionaltotheproductoftheirmassesandinverselyproportionaltothesquareofthedistancebetweenthem.Thisgravitationalforceiswhatkeepsplanetsinorbitaroundthesun.Thesun'smassivesizegeneratesastronggravitationalpull,creatingthecentripetalforcenecessarytokeeptheplanetsmovingintheirellipticalorbits.8.参考答案：Osmosisisthemovementofwateracrossasemipermeablemembranefromanareaoflowersoluteconcentrationtoanareaofhighersoluteconcentration.解析：Osmosisisapassivetransportprocessthatoccursinbiologicalsystems,wherewatermovesacrossasemipermeablemembranefromaregionoflowersoluteconcentrationtoaregionofhighersoluteconcentration.Thismovementaimstoequalizethesoluteconcentrationsonbothsidesofthemembrane.Osmosisiscrucialformaintainingcellturgorpressure,nutrientabsorption,andwasteremovalinplantsandanimals.Forexample,plantcellsrelyono