2026亚洲钢铁行业脱碳未来展望报告

ERIAResearchprojectReport2025no.2

FutureoutlookfortheDecarbonisationofthe

steelIndustryinAsia

preparedbypacificconsultantsCo.,Ltd.

TheInstituteofEnergyEconomics,Japan

NipponsteelTechnologyco.,Ltd.

withthesupportEconomicResearchInstituteforASEANandEastAsiaof

FutureoutlookfortheDecarbonisationofthesteelIndustryinAsiaEconomicResearchInstituteforASEANandEastAsia(ERIA)

sentralsenayanIl6thFloor

JalanAsiaAfrikaNO.8,GeloraBungkarnosenayan,Jakartapusat12710

Indonesia

⊙EconomicResearchInstituteforASEANandEastAsia,2026ERIAResearchprojectReportFY2026NO.2

publishedinMay2026

Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformbyanymeanselectronicormechanicalwithoutpriorwrittennoticetoandpermissionfromERIA.

Thefindings,interpretations,andconclusionsexpressedhereindonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsandpoliciesoftheEconomicResearchInstituteforASEANandEastAsia,itsGoverningBoard,Academic

Advisorycouncil,ortheinstitutionsandgovernmentstheyrepresent.

Anyerrorincontentorcitationintherespectivechaptersisthesoleresponsibilityoftheauthor/s.

Materlalinthispublicationmaybefreelyquotedorreprintedwithproperacknowledgement.

pleasecitethispublicationas

ERIA(2026),FutureoutlookfortheDecarbonisationofthesteelIndustryinAsia.ERIAResearchprojectReportFY2026,n0.2.Jakarta:ERIA.

ii

Acknowledgements

wewouldliketoexpressoursinceregratitudetotheMinistryofEconomy,TradeandIndustry,Japan,theJapanIronandsteelFederation(JISF),andthemembersoftheInternationalEnvironmentalstrategiccommitteeofJISFfortheirinvaluablesupportandguidanceduringthefirstphaseofthisproject.Theirexpertiseandencouragementhavebeeninstrumentalinsuccessfullylaunchingtheprojectandadvancingitsinitialactivities.

wearealsodeeplythankfultothemembersoftheInternationalEnvironmentalstrategiccommittee,aswellastorepresentativesfromtheironandsteelindustriesofAssociationofsoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN)countriesandIndia,fortheirvaluablecontributionsthroughinsightfulpresentationsandactiveparticipationintheASEANJapansteelInitiativeseminarandtheIndia-JapanpublicandprivatecollaborativeMeetingonIronandsteelIndustry.Theirinputhasgreatlyenrichedthediscussionsandhelpedtofosteraspiritofcollaboration.

Aswemoveintothenextphaseoftheproject,welookforwardtocontinuedengagementandcooperationwithallstakeholders.wetrulyappreciatethecommitmentandsupportthathavemadetheachievementsofphase1possible.

iv

ListofprojectMembers

projectMembersERIA

Naotookura

DirectorGeneralforResearchandpolicyDesign

keisudo

programManageronEnergykentaroNoma

programManageronEnergy

pacificconsultantsCo.,Ltd.

kazuyoshisasaki

GeneralManager,urbanplanningandprojectManagementDepartment,GlobalcompanysayakaMatsuzuki

chiefEngineeringconsultant,urbanplanningandprojectManagementDepartment,

Globalcompany

Hanayamasaki

consultant,sustainabilitypromotionDepartment,GlobalcompanyAkikoosawa

consultant,urbanplanningandprojectManagementDepartment,Globalcompany

TheInstituteofEnergyEconomics,Japan

Mikiyanagi

ExecutiveEconomist,climatechangeGroup,climatechangeandEnergyEfficiencyunitAkirayanagisawa

ExecutiveEconomist,Manager,EnergyandEconomicAnalysisGroup(EEA);AssistantDirector,EnergyDataandModellingcenter(EDMC)

Toshiyukisakamoto

BoardMember,Director,inchargeofclimatechangeandEnergyEfficiencyunit

NipponsteelTechnologyco.,Ltd.

yoshihirosuemune

Executivecounsellor,GeneralManager,Environment&EnergyResearchDivisionsustainabilitysolutionunit

V

ToruNagai

Manager,HeadofLCAstrategysupportDept.,Environment&EnergyResearchDivision,sustainabilitysolutionunit

Teruookazaki

Executiveconsultant,carbonNeutralpromotionDepartment,Environment&EnergyResearchDivision,sustainabilitysolutionunit

seigolshiguro

LCAStrategysupportDept.,Environment&EnergyResearchDivision,sustainabilitysolutionunit

HitomiTanikawa

seniorResearcher,LCAstrategysupportDept.,Environment&EnergyResearchDivision,sustainabilitysolutionunit

Takanoriokada

seniorResearcher,carbonNeutralpromotionDepartment,Environment&EnergyResearch,Divisionsustainabilitysolutionunit

Megumukogu「e

LCAStrategysupportDept.,Environment&EnergyResearchDivision,sustainabilitysolutionunit

TatsuyaFujii

seniorResearcher,BusinessconsultingDivision,JFETechnoResearchcorporation

observers

TheJapanIronandsteelFederationHiromikawamata

AssistantManager,climatechangepolicyGroup,Technology,Environment&EnergyDivision

yoshioTakagi

climatechangepolicyGroup,Technology,Environment&EnergyDivision

lzumilmai

chief,climatechangepolicyGroup,Technology,Environment&EnergyDivisionTakayukiMatsubara

climatechangepolicyGroup,Technology,Environment&EnergyDivision

MomokoHoshino

climatechangepolicyGroup,Technology,Environment&EnergyDivision

vi

contents

chapter1

chapter2

chapter3

Appendix

Annex

1.

2-1.

2-2.

2-3.

2-4.

Acknowledgments

ListofprojectMembersListofFigures

ListofTables

ListofAbbreviationsandAcronymsExecutivesummary

Introduction

ResearchActivitieswayForward

References

DatasetconcerningthesteelsectorintheASEANRegion

TowardsaNetzerosteelIndustryinAsiaGuidelineDraft

ASEANTechnologiescustomizedList2025version:part1:EAF(v.4.2)

ASEANTechnologiescustomizedList2025version:part2:BFBOF(v.4.2)

INDIATechnologiescustomizedList2025version:part1:BFBOF(v.5.2)

INDIATechnologiescustomizedList2025version:part2:EAF(v.5.2)

lii

lv

vii

viii

ix

xi

1

4

52

vii

ListofFigures

Figure1.1

Implementationstructure

3

Figure2.1

productionofcrudesteelinASEAN7

Figure2.2

sharesofcrudesteelproductioninASEAN7,2023

Figure2.3

co2IntensitybyproductionRoute,2023

Figure2.4

sharesofElectricFurnacesandEnergyIntensityusingIEADatainASEAN7,2022

13

Figure2.5

TrendsinEnergyIntensityinASEAN7(TentativeAnalysis)

Figure2.6

FlowoftheModelforsteelDemandandproduction

22

Figure2.7

Apparentconsumptionofsteelintheunitedstates

23

Figure2.8

RealGDPPercapitaandconsumptionofsteelproductspercapitafortheRepublicofkoreaandchineseTaipei,19802023

25

Figure2.9

TentativeResultsforApparentuseofsteelproducts(Finishedsteelproducts)percapitainASEAN

Figure2.10

consumptionofsteelproductsandcrudesteelinASEANandJapan,19802023

27

Figure2.11

TentativeResultsofcrudesteelApparentuseinASEAN

28

Figure2.12

steelDemandandproduction

Figure2.13

TentativeResultsofcrudesteelproductioninASEAN

Figure2.14

DomesticordersforordinarysteelproductsinJapan

Figure2.15

sharesofselectedsteeltproductsinJapan,2018

Figure2.16

TentativeResultsofcrudesteeltproductionbyRouteinASEAN

Figure2.17

Figure2.18

procedureofthesteelplantDiagnosis

Timetableoftheon-siteDiagnosis

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ListofTables

Table2.1comparisonofc02IntensityDatabetweenworldsteelandthe8

IEA

Table2.2worldsteelproductioncapacity9

Table2.3capacityExpansioninASEANCountries10

Table2.4shareofsteelproductioncapacitybyRouteinASEAN11

Table2.5GlobalEnergyIntensity,2022and202315

Table2.6worldTradeinFerrousscrapbyArea,202416

Table2.7FourteencriteriaforAppropriateEquipmentselection35

Table2.8calculationResultsBasedonISO1440440

Table2.9proposedMeasuresinthesteelplantDiagnosis41

Table2.10Co2EmissionFactors(ISO14404)usedinthecalculationsof42

theCo2ReductionAmounts

Table2.11challengesandopportunitiesinImplementingproposed43

EquipmentRevampingMeasures

ListofAbbreviationsandAcronyms

AJsl

ASEANJapansteelInitiative

ASEAN

AssociationofsoutheastAsianNations

BAT

BestAvailableTechnology

BF-BOF

BlastFurnaceBasicoxygenFurnace

BPS

Bureauofphilippinestandards

CBAM

carbonBorderAdjustmentMechanism

CCS

carboncaptureandstorage

CCUS

carboncapture,utilisationandstorage

CO2

carbonDioxide

EAF

ElectricArcFUTnace

ERIA

EconomicResearchInstituteforASEANandEastAsia

EU

Europeanunion

G7

Groupofseven

GDP

Grossdomesticproduct

GHG

Greenhousegas

GJ

Gigajoule

Gt

Gigatonne

IEA

InternationalEnergyAgency

EEJ

TheInstituteofEnergyEconomics,Japan

IFC

InternationalFinancecorporation

ISA

IndiansteelAssociation

ISIT

IronandsteelInstituteofThailand

ISO

Internationalorganizationforstandardization

JISF

TheJapanIronandsteelFederation

LCC

Lifecyclecost

LeadIT

LeadershipGroupforIndustryTransition

MJ

MOU

Megajoule

Memorandumofunderstanding

Mt

OECDPDCARHF

SEAIsl

SIMATCLTERIUTM

MillionTonnes

organisationforEconomicco-operationandDevelopmentplan-DOCheckAction

ReheatingFurnace

southEastAsiaIronandsteelInstitutestockholmEnvironmentInstitute

spongeIronManufacturersAssociationTechnologiescustomizedList

TheEnergyandResourcesInstituteuniversityofTechnologyMalaysia

Executivesummary

Thesteelindustryishighlyenergy-intensive,anddecarbonisationofthesteelindustryisakeyfocusinthecontextoftheglobaltransitiontocarbonneutrality.Thisstudyaddressesthechallengesofachievingeconomicgrowthwhilstreducinggreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsinthesteelsector.TheworldsteelAssociation(worldsteel)outlinesitsbasicpositionondecarbonisationasfollows:Theproductionofsteelremainsaco2andenergyintensiveactivity.However,thesteelindustryiscommittedtocontinuingtoreducethefootprintfromitsoperationsandtheuseofitsproducts.ourindustryfullysupportstheaimsoftheparisAgreement.Thereisnosinglesolutiontodrasticallyreducingc02emissionsfromour

industry:

withoutadoubt,Asiaisoneoftheworld'smajorsteelindustryclusters,andsteelproductionoccupiesakeyroleintheregion'sindustrialsector.TheEconomicResearchInstituteforASEANandEastAsia(ERIA)isengagedinawiderangeofresearchactivitiesonenergy,environmentandclimatechange,innovationandtechnology,andotherrelatedareas.ThecurrentresearchprojectispartofERIA'seffortstostudythedecarbonisationofthesteelindustryinAsia.Thisprojectaimstoproducethe'AsiasteelDecarbonisationoutlook'(hereinafterreferredtoasthe'outlook')outliningtheoverallstatusandfutureprospectsofdecarbonisationofAsia'ssteelindustry,aswellasthe'TowardsaNet-zerosteelIndustryinAsia’Guidelines(hereinafterreferredtoasthe'Guidelines')forthepurposeofsystematicplanning,implementation,evaluationandimprovementofthedecarbonisationofsteelplants.Theseoutcomeswillsubsequentlybediscussedwithinternationalstakeholderstofosteracommonunderstandingofsteelindustrydecarbonisationamongstthegovernmentsandindustryrepresentativesofthecountriesinvolved·ThisstudywillhighlightkeyapproachesforachievingdecarbonisationinthesteelindustryinAsiaandreflectonthepoliciesandmethodsthataresuitableforthisfast-growingregionwithregardtodecarbonisation·

Duringphase1(20242025),theprojectbeganpreparingtheoutlook,providingacomprehensiveanalysisofthecurrentstateandfutureprospectsofsteelproductionanddecarbonisationeffortsintheAssociationofsoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN)region.Theprojectconsideredcrudesteelproductiontrends,energyintensity,productionmethods,regulatoryenvironments,andemerginggreensteelinitiatives,highlightingthechallengesandopportunitiesforsustainablesteelindustrytransformationinAsia.

Energyintensityinsteelproduction,measuredinmegajoules(MJ)pertonne(t)ofcrudesteel,variesacrossASEANCountries.vietNamandIndonesiaexhibitenergyintensitiesclosetoorslightlyabovetheglobalaverageof21MJ/t,inpartduetotheirrelatively

worldsteelAssociation,TheproductionofIronandsteelnhttps:/l/worldsteel.org/climateaction/climate-change-and-the-production-of-iron-and-steel/(accessed5september2025)·

xii

recentadoptionofblastfurnacetechnology.countrieswithhighersharesofelectricarcfurnace(EAF)steeltendtohavelowerenergyintensity;however,challengesinsecuringhigh-qualityscraplimitEAFexpansion.TherapideconomicgrowthinIndonesia,Malaysia,Myanmar,thephilippines,singapore,ThailandandvietNam(hereafterreferredtoasthe

demandandsupply,aswellasonrenewableenergymarkets.

someASEANCountries,inparticularvietNamandthephilippines,arenotableforthesignificantpresenceofinductionfurnacebasedsteelproduction,Thesesmall-to-ediumscaleoperationsarelessefficientandmorepolluting,raisingenvironmentalandsafety

conceTns.

TOanalysesteeldemandandproduction,ademand-drivenmodellingapproachisadopted,wheresteelproductdemanddeterminescrudesteelproduction.Therelationshipbetweensteelconsumptionandeconomicgrowthisnonlinear,withrapidsteeldemandincreasesduringindustrialisationphasesandeventualsaturationordeclineaseconomiesmature,asexemplifiedbyhistoricaldatafromtheunitedstates,Japan,andEastAsia.

Themodelincorporates:

-capitaandindustrialsectorvalueaddedonsteelproductconsumption.

-overtime.

-others)basedoneconomicdevelopmentstagesandproductionvolumenThispartisforinformationonly·

Themodelisutilsedfortentativeanalysisaspartofapreliminarystudyaimedatunderstandingthefitperformanceoftheestimationratherthanasanoutlook·subsequentphaseswilladdressfuturesteelproductionunderdecarbonisationstrategieswithseveralhypotheses.

RegardingtheGuidelines,amidsttheglobalmomentumincarbonreduction,initiativessuchastheJapanIronandsteelFederation(JISF)plantoachievecarbonneutralitybypublishingcarbonneutralityactionplansandaretakingfurtheraction·

TheGuidelineswillbedevelopedtoconsolidateinsightsandallowJapanschallengesandexperiencestobesharedandtackledtogetherwithintheAsiaregion.

Forinstance,thesteelindustryalonecanonlyachievealimitedimpact;achievingcarbonneutralityforenergysourcessuchaselectricityrequiresnationwideefforts.

withinthiscontext,whilstfocusingonenergysavingtechnologiesinthesteelindustryinphase1,wewillalsorefertothepotentialofnextgenerationtechnologies,suchas

hydrogen-basedsteelproductionorprojectssuchastheco2ultimateReductionsystem

xiii

forcoolEarth50bytheJSFinthenextphases.

phase1outlinescomprehensiveguidelinesandresearcheffortsaimedatachievinganet-zerosteelindustryinAsia,withaspecificfocusonsoutheastAsiaandIndia.Itemphasisesenergyefficiencyimprovementsasafoundationalsteptowardsdecarbonisationwhilstaddressingthecomplexitiesofsteelmanufacturingprocessesandtheneedfortailoredtechnologiesandpolicies.

ThesteelsectorinAsiafacesthedualchallengeofmeetingrisingsteeldemandwhilstalsoreducingemissions,particularlygiventhenewinvestmentsexpectedinblastfurnacebasicoxygenfurnace(BF-BOF)facilitiesinsoutheastAsiaandIndia.TheGuidelinesstressreducingenergyconsumption,adoptinglowcarbonenergysourcessuchaselectrificationandrenewables,anddevelopinginnovativetechnologiesincludinghydrogenreductionandcarboncapture,utilisation,andstorage(ccus).However,theimprovementofenergyefficiencyremainsthemostimmediateandimpactfulapproach,withmaturetechnologies(bestavailabletechnologies,BATs)expectedtoaccountforabout70%ofcarbondioxide(co2)emissionreductionsby2050accordingtotheInternationalEnergyAgencyis(IEA)IronandsteelTechnologyRoadmap

2

Improvingenergyefficiencyiscomplexduetothediversityofsteelmanufacturingprocessesandthelonglifespansofequipment,whichmakesselectingeffectiveenergy-savingtechnologieschallenging.TheGuidelinespromoteaplan-DO-checkAction(PDCA)cycleforcontinuousenergyefficiencyimprovement,tailoredspecificallytotheironandsteelsectorandreferencingInternationalorganizationforstandardization(IS0)50001withadditionalsector-specificcriteria.

AuniquefeatureoftheGuidelinesistheestablishmentof14criteriatoguidetheselectionofappropriateenergysavingequipment,emphasisingfactorsbeyondinitialinvestmentcost.Thesecriteriaincludeequipmentspecifications,installationfeasibility,safety,environmentalandsocialconsiderations,schedulemanagement,lifecyclecost(LCC),guaranteedperformance,energyreductionpotential,operationalavailability,durability,maintainability,postinstallationsupport,additionalbenefits,andthesuppliertrackrecord.Thisholisticapproachaimstopreventsuboptimalinvestmentsthatcouldleadtooperationalinefficienciesorincreasedlongtermcosts.

ThisreportprovidesanoverviewofthekeyfeaturesoftheGuidelinessupportingenergyefficiencyimprovementsandpresentsamethodologyforupdatingtheTechnologiescustomizedList(TCL),whichcompilesBATstailoredtotheneedsofthetargetcountries,withconsiderationofthetrendsinsteelindustrydecarbonisation·

Theoutcomesofthephase1researcharesummarisedasfollows:

withregardtopreparationoftheoutlook,progresshasbeenmadeindatabase

2IEA(2020),IronandsteelTechnologyRoadmap:TowardsMoresustainablesteelmaking·

/reports/iron-and-steel-technology-roadmap(accessed5september2025)·

xiv

developmentandquantitativeanalysisofsteelproductsaswellascrudesteelproductionandconsumptionintheASEANregion·

The'TowardsaNet-LerosteeltIndustryinAsia'GuidelinesaimtobeareferencedocumentforsteelplantoperatorstoimprovetheenergyefficiencyoftheirplantsbyindividuallyimplementingthepDCAcycle.TheymainlyreferenceISO50001butalsointegrateindustryspecificconsiderationsoftheironandsteelsectorstomaketheGuidelinesmorepractical.TheGuidelineshavebeenrevisedandrefinedbasedonfeedbackfromtheintendeduserssuchassteelcompaniesandotherrelatedpartiesinvolvedintheironandsteelsectorinAsiancountries.

TheDraftTCLisalistofenergysavingandCo2-savingtechnologiesandenvironmentalfacilitiesidentifiedasBATsthatmeettheneedsofthetargetcountries.ThecurrentstudyhasupdatedtheTCLbyreviewingthetechnologieslistedintermsofthereductionofC02,energyprices,andC02emissionfactors,whichformsthebasisforestimatingpaybackperiodstoreflectrecenttrends.

ASPartofadvocacyactivities,theprojectmembersconductedtheASEANJapansteelInitiative(AJSI)seminartoshareanddisseminateinitiativesarounddecarbonisationinthesteelsectorandcollectopinionsfromandpromotecollaborationinASEANcountries.Theseminarwasheldon20November2024inBangkok,Thailand,aspartofthesouthEastAsiaIronandsteelInstitute(SEAISI)event,'2024ASEANIronandsteelForum:sustainablesteelandGreenconstruction.'Eighty-fivepeoplefromninecountrieslregionsattendedtheseminar.Theagendawascomposedofthefollowingthreesessions:

1.policyDevelopmentstowardcarbonNeutrality;

2.Activitiesandchallengesofsteelmakers;and

3.TechnologyDevelopmentsforEnergysavingandcarbonNeutrality·

RepresentativesfromboththepublicandprivatesectorsofASEANCountriesaswellasJapanpresentedtheirpolicies,initiativesandchallenges.

TheIndia-JapanpublicandprivatecollaborativeMeetingonIronandsteelIndustrywasheldon21January2025withapproximately40participants,mainlygovernmentofficialsandsteelcompaniesfrombothJapanandIndia.Theparticipantsengagedinlivelydiscussionsonthefollowingthreetopicsrelatedtocarbonneutralityinthesteelindustriesofbothcountries:

1.policiestowardscarbonNeutralityinJapanandIndia;

2.TechnologicalTrendstowardEnergyconservationandcarbonNeutrality;and

3.climatechange-relatedssuesandnitiativesFacedbysteelmakers·

chapter1

Introduction

1.Background

TOachievedecarbonisedeconomicgrowth,werecognisetheimportanceofexchangingviewsthroughdialogueandexploringpolicyoptionstoenhanceeconomiccompetitivenessandindustrialdecarbonisation,assuggestedintheAsiazeroEmissioncommunityLeaders'Jointstatement.Additionally,theprioreffortsoftheGroupofseven(G7)todecarbonisetheglobalsteelindustryhavenowbeenintegratedwiththemandateofthenewlyestablishedInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)'sworkingpartyonIndustrialDecarbonisation.DiscussionshavealsobegunamongsttheworldsteelAssociation(worldsteel)andtheInternationalorganizationforstandardization(IS0)tostandardiseemissioncalculationmethods.Inlightofthesemoves,itisnecessarytostrengthenacommonapproachforAsiancountries,inparticularmembersoftheAssociationofsoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN),aswellasIndia,topromotecollaborationintheinternationalcommunitybasedontheideaof'achievingbotheconomicgrowthanddecarbonisation.'Therefore,thecurrentresearchaimstostudythedecarbonisationpoliciesandmethodssuitablefortheAsiansteelindustrywithconsiderationofthespecificregionalcontext·

Accordingtothe2020IEAreportontheironandsteelindustries,'amongheavyindustries,theironandsteelsectorranksfirstwhenitcomestocarbondioxide(co2)emissions,andsecondwhenitcomestoenergyconsumption.Theironandsteelsectordirectlyaccountsfor2.6gigatonnesofcarbondioxide(Gtco2)emissionsannually,7%oftheglobaltotalfromtheenergysystemandmorethantheemissionsfromallroadfreight(IEA,2020).

Reductionsofc02emissionsintheironandsteelsector,thereforehaveamajorimpactandthedevelopmentandintroductionoftechnologytoreduceC02inthissectorisofparamountimportance·ThesteelindustryinAsiaplaysapivotalroleintheglobalsteelmarket,accountingformorethan70%oftheworldssteelproduction.Thishighlevelofproductionisaccompaniedbysubstantialcarbonemissions,makingthedecarbonisationofthesteelindustryatoppriorityfortheregion.

2.objectivesoftheproject

ToachievedecarbonisationinthesteelindustryinAsia,itisessentialtoexamine,discuss,andimplementpoliciesandmethodsthataresuitableforthefast-growingAsianregion·TOthisend,thisresearchprojectaimstodevelopanutlookfortheoverallpictureandthefutureprospectsofdecarbonisationoftheAsiansteelindustry,aswellasGuidelinesforthesystematicplanning,implementation,evaluation,andimprovementof

2

decarbonisationofsteelplants.Theseoutcomeswillbediscussedwithinternationalstakeholderstofosteracommonunderstandingamongstthegovernmentsandindustryrepresentativesofthetargetcountries.

Theobjectivesofthisstudyareasfollows:

a)studying,discussing,andimplementingpoliciesandmethodsfordecarbonisingthesteelindustrythataresuitablefortherapidlygrowingAsianregion.

b)preparinganoutlookthatoutlinestheoverallcurrentstatusandfutureprospectsofdecarbonisationoftheAsiansteelindustry,formulatingGuidelinesforthesystematicplanning,implementation,evaluation,andimprovementofenergyefficiencyforthepurposeofdecarbonisationofsteelplants,andcompilingalistoftechnologiesthatcancontributetoenergyefficiency,mitigationofenvironmentalimpacts,andfuturedecarbonisationthroughconductinganexpertledsurveyofsteelplants.

c)sharinganddisseminatingtheresultsofthisresearchprojectthroughinternationalworkshops.

Inphase1oftheproject,thefollowingactivitieshavebeenimplementedinpursuitofeachobjective·

(1)outlook:collectingandanalysingsocioeconomicandproductiondataoncurrentandfutureindicatorsrelatedtosteelindustrydecarbonisationinAsia;reviewingpreviousresearch,includinghistoricalstudies,timeseriesdata,andexpertisetoinformthelong-termforecastforsteeldecarbonisation·

(2)Guidelines:Developingthedraft'TowardsaNet-zerosteelIndustryinAsia'Guidelinesthroughsteelplantdiagnosis;reviewingandupdatingtheTechnologiescustomizedList(TCL)toreflectthelatestcountryspecificdataonenergycosts,co2conversionfactors,andcoefficientsrelatedtoequipmentinstallation,aswellaslocalneeds.

(3)Internationaladvocacy:collectingneedsandopinionsfromASEANCountriesandotherregionsattheASEANJapansteelInitiative(AJSI)seminarandIndia-JapanpublicandprivatecollaborativeMeetingonIronandsteelIndustry.

3.Implementationstructure

ThisprojectteamconsistsofEconomicResearchInstituteforASEANandEastAsia(ERA)researchers,andresearchersandengineersfrompacificconsultantsCo.,Ltd.,theInstituteofEnergyEconomics(IEEJ),Japan,andNipp