Unit 2 The universal language 讲义（上）-2022-2023学年高中英语牛津译林版2020选择性必修第一册

M4U2TheuniversallanguageI趣味导入答案：compose;composer2.dramatic;drama;dramatically答案：compose;composer2.dramatic;drama;dramatically3.combine;combination;combined4.surroundings;surrounding;surround5.sorrow;sorrowful6.adaptation;adaptable;adapt知识典例语言知识初探根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词_________v.作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静→_________n.作曲家，作曲者

2._________adj.激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的→draman.戏剧；戏剧艺术→_________adv.戏剧性地；引人注目地

3._________vt.&vi.（使）融合；（使）结合，（使）混合；兼做；合并→_________n.结合；联合；结合体→_________adj.联合的；总计的

4._________n.周围，环境→_________adj.周围的；附近的→_________v.包围，围绕，环绕_________n.[U]悲伤，悲痛；[C]伤心事→_________adj.悲伤的，伤心的

6._________n.改编本，改写本；适应→_________adj.能适应的；有适应能力的→_________v.使适应，使适合；改编，改写；适应根据提示补全下列短语awiderangeoftypes种类繁多hostcountries东道国，主办国watchamusicperformancelive现场观看音乐表演takemethroughthetwistsandturnsofaclassicstory使我领略一个经典故事的曲折tearsb.apart使（关系亲密的人）分离，分开whispertosb.向某人低语(be)overcomewithsorrow悲痛欲绝haveone’srootsin...根植于，扎根于……big/hugefansof...……的狂热爱好者Itturnsout+that从句.原来，结果是，证明是…growoutof…产生于……leavesb.deepinthought使某人陷入沉思forgoodmeasure作为额外增添；另外besuggestiveof…提示有/使想起/暗示…havethepowertodosth.有能力/权力做某事givethepublicmoreaccesstosth.使公众更多地接触到……putonaseriesoffreeconcerts举办一系列免费音乐会deserveamention=deservetobementioned值得一提重点知识点解析知识要点1composevt.&vi.作曲；vt.撰写（信函、讲稿、诗歌等）vt.组成（不用于进行时）；使镇静(教材P16)Lastnight,IwatchedaperformanceofButterflyLovers,abeautifulviolinconcertocomposedbyHeZhanhaoandChenGang.昨晚，我观看了《梁祝》的演出，这是一首动听的小提琴协奏曲，由何占豪、陈钢创作。【常见搭配】composeasymphony创作交响乐composeaspeech写讲稿becomposedof…=bemadeupof…=consistof…（整体）由…组成composeoneself=calmoneselfdown使自己镇定下来composeone’sthoughts镇定思绪如：England,Scotland,andWalescomposetheislandofGreatBritain.=TheislandofGreatBritainiscomposedofEngland,Scotland,andWales.英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士组成了大不列颠岛。Emmawrinkledherbrows,makinganefforttocomposeherself.埃玛皱起了眉头,努力使自己镇定下来。【归纳拓展】词性转换：composern.作曲家compositionn.[U]成分，构成；作曲，创作；[C]（音乐、艺术、诗歌的）作品【即时巩固】单句语法填空Mozart'scompositions(compose)areundoubtedlyamongtheworld'sgreatest.Thecommitteeiscomposedmainlyoflawyers.知识要点2deservevt.值得，应得，应受（不用于进行时）(教材P16)It’sapiecethatreallydeservestobeheard.这部作品真的值得一听。【用法详解】deserve

doing/to

be

done

值得被……（主语通常为sth.）

deserve

+n./pron.代词值得……，应得……

deserve

to

do

sth.应该做某事（主语通常为sb.）

如：His

children’s

books

are

classics

that

deserve

knowing

much

better/to

be

much

betterknown.他的童书都是经典作品，值得为更多人所知晓。Theparentsdeservetoknowthetruth.家长应该知道真相。注意deserve有时可用作反语，表示“罪有应得，活该”，常用于“getwhatsb.deserves”结构。如：Peoplewhoaresenttoprisonfordrunkdrivinggetwhattheydeserve.那些因酒驾而锒铛入狱的人都是罪有应得。【归纳拓展】词性转换：deserveda.理所应当的，应得的deservinga.值得……的如：awell-deservedrest应得的休息aproblemdeservingofattention值得关注的问题【即时巩固】单句语法填空Hedeserved________(win)thefirstprizebecausehehadmadeenoughpreparationsforthecontest.Thereisnodoubtthatthemanisguiltyandthathedeserves__________(punish).【答案】1.towin2.punishing/punishment/tobepunished知识要点3overcome(overcame-overcome) vt.受到……的极大影响（常用被动）；克服（困难），解决，战胜(教材P16)Overcomewithsorrow,shejumpsintohisgrave.不胜伤悲，她跳进了梁山伯的坟墓。【用法详解】beovercomeby/with...被……（某种情绪）控制；受到……的极大影响overcometheenemy/thedifficulties/anxiety战胜敌人、克服困难/焦虑如：Ifyouworkhard,youwillovercomethisproblem.如果你努力的话，就会克服这个困难。Herparentswereovercomewithgreatsadnessatthefuneral.在葬礼上，她的父母悲痛欲绝。知识要点4relyon/relyupon...=dependon/counton...依赖，依靠；信任，信赖(教材P17)Myhostfamilyarebigfansofcountrymusic,soIcanalwaysrelyonthemtointroducemetosomegreatsongs.我寄宿家庭的一家人都是乡村音乐的狂热爱好者，所以我总依赖他们给我介绍一些很棒的歌曲。【用法详解】relyon/uponsb./sth.依靠某人或某物relyonsb.forsth.依靠某人提供某物relyon/uponsb.todosth.＝relyon/uponsb.doingsth.指望/相信某人做某事relyon/uponitthat从句指望/相信某人做某事如：Youshouldn’talwaysrelyjustontheInternetforyourresearch.你不能总是依靠网络进行研究。IcanrelyonDavidtokeepmysecret.我信任大卫，他一定会为我保密。YoucanrelyonitthatIcanfinishtheworkontime.你相信我好了，我会及时完成工作的。【归纳拓展】词性转换：（1）reliablea.可信赖的；可靠的（=dependable）如：areliablefriendreliancen.依赖【即时巩固】单句语法填空Weshouldrelyonourselvesratherthanothers________whatweneed.Youmayrelyon/upon________thatthelecturehallbuiltlastyearcanadmit1,000peopleatatime.3.Ourinformationcomesfroma________(rely)source.【答案】1.for2.it3.reliable知识要点5surroundings =environmentn.周围，环境(教材P17)Thesimpletunesandbeautifulnaturalimagesareoftenverysuggestiveofcountrysidesurroundings...简单的曲调和唯美自然风光很容易使人联想到乡村环境……如：liveinpleasantsurroundings生活在令人愉快的环境中Atfirstmynewsurroundingsweredifficulttotolerate.一开始，新环境让我难以忍受。【归纳拓展】词性转换：（1）surroundingadj.[定]周围的，附近的；与……有关的如：thesurroundingarea(s)周边地区thesurroundingscenery四周的风景theevidencesurroundingthecase与案子有关的证据（2）surroundvt.围绕，包围常见搭配besurroundedwith/by…被……包围如：Armedpolicesurroundedahouseinthestreet.武装警察包围了街上的一栋房子。Tosome,happinessisbeingsurroundedbyfamilyandfriends.对有些人来说，幸福就是一直有家人和朋友陪伴在身边。知识要点6guaranteevt.保证，担保n.[C]保证，保证书，起保证作用的事物(教材P17)Iguaranteeyou’llenjoyit.我保证你会喜欢它的!【用法详解】guaranteesb.sth.向某人保证某事guaranteetodosth.保证做某事guaranteethat...保证……underguarantee在保修期内givesb.aguaranteethat...同位语从句 向某人担保/保证……aguaranteeof...……的保障/保证如：HewillguaranteeuspossessionofthehousebyMay.他保证我们在五月可搬入这间房子。Theradioisguaranteedfortwelvemonths.这台收音机保修期12个月。Iguarantee/promisethatyou'llenjoyyourself.我包你玩得痛快。【即时巩固】翻译句子我们保证克服困难，按时完成任务。①___________________________________________________________________________②___________________________________________________________________________③___________________________________________________________________________【答案】Weguaranteetoovercomethedifficultyandfinishthetaskontime.Weguaranteethatwewillovercomethedifficultyandfinishthetaskontime.Wegiveaguaranteethatwewillovercomethedifficultyandfinishthetaskontime.知识要点7adaptationn.[C]改编本，改写本；[U]适应(教材P19)Themusicalpiece,anadaptationofXianXinghai’sYellowriverCantata,tellshowtheChinesepeople,ledbytheCommunistPartyofChina,foughttoovercometheJapaneseinvaders.这部音乐作品，改编自冼星海的《黄河大合唱》，讲述中国人民是如何在中国共产党的带领下努力打败日本侵略者的。【用法详解】adaptationto...对……的适应如：ascreenadaptationofShakespeare’s“Macbeth”莎士比亚悲剧《麦克佩斯》的电影改写本theadaptationofdesertspeciestothehotconditions沙漠物种对炎热环境的适应【归纳拓展】词性转换：adaptvt.改编，改写vt./vi.（使）适应（新情况）常见搭配adaptAforB把A改编成BadaptAfromB把B改编成A→[被动]beadaptedfrom...由......改编而来adapt(oneself)to...（使自己）适应……【即时巩固】单句语法填空Ittookhimawhiletoadapthimselftohisnewsurroundings(surround).Threeofhernovelshavebeenadaptedfortelevision.知识要点8和9consistof,defend(教材P19)Itconsistsoffourmovements:“TheSongoftheYellowRiverBoatmen”,“OdetotheYellowRiver”,“TheYellowRiverinAnger”and“DefendtheYellowRiver”.它由四个乐章组成：《黄河船夫曲》《黄河颂》《黄河愤》《保卫黄河》。【用法详解】(1)consistof...=bemadeupof...=becomposedof...（整体）由……组成/构成如：Rockmusicconsistsofmanydifferentstyles.注意不用于被动语态或进行时态，但可以用consistingof作后置定语。如：It’sasimpledishtoprepare,consistingofriceandvegetables.归纳拓展相关短语：=1\*GB3①consistin...=liein...存在于；在于如：Thebeautyofthecityconsistsinitsmagnificentbuildings.这座城市的美就在于它那些宏伟的建筑。Trueeducationdoesnotconsistinsimplybeingtaughtfacts.真正的教育并不在于简单地讲授事实。 =2\*GB3②beconsistentwith...和……一致；相符合如：Theresultsareentirelyconsistentwithourearlierresearch.这些结果与我们早些时候的研究完全吻合。【用法详解】(2)defendvt.&vi.保卫，防御；vt.辩解，辩白，为……辩护常见搭配defend...against/from...保护/保卫……免受……之害（=protect...from...）defendagainst/from...抵御……defendoneself自卫defendsb./sth.为某人/某事辩解如：Troopshavebeensenttodefendtheborders.已派出部队去守卫边疆。Itisimpossibletodefendagainstanall-outattack.防御全面进攻是不可能的。Whenthedogattackedme,Idefendedmyselfwithastick.那条狗扑向我时，我用棍子自卫。归纳拓展词性转换=1\*GB3①defensiveadj.防御的=2\*GB3②defendern.保卫者，卫士；辩护者=3\*GB3③defence/defensen.防御（物）；保卫；辩解常见搭配indefenceof...为了保卫……cometoone’sdefence为某人辩护【即时巩固】单句语法填空___________(consist)oftwocampuses,thisschoolcoversatotalareaof400squarekilometerswithmorethan4,000studentsandteachers.Truewealthdoesnotconsist______whatwehavebutwhatweare.Ouractionsmustbe__________(consist)withwords.Politiciansareskilledatdefendingthemselves_______theircritics.从政者都善于为自己辩解，反驳别人的批评。Ihavetosayinher___(defend)thatsheknewnothingaboutitbeforehand.我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道此事。【答案】1.Consisting2.in3.with4.against5.defence突破重点句式(教材P16)Whenthetwolover,LiangShanboandZhuYingtai,firstmeet,themusicislightandpleasant,asifwhisperingtotheaudience.当梁山伯与祝英台这一对恋人初次相见时，音乐轻柔愉悦，像是对观众呢喃私语。【句式剖析】此句中，开头为when引导的时间状语从句，“themusicislightandpleasant”为主句；asif部分为asif引导的方式状语从句的省略形式，asif后省略了itis。【考点提炼】状语从句的省略连词由when,while,as,before,after,until/till,once等引导的时间状语从句由if,unless等引导的条件状语从句由although,though,evenif/though等引导的让步状语从句由as,asif/though等引导的方式状语从句由as,than等引导的比较状语从句在以上连词引导的状语从句中，如果：=1\*GB3①主从句的主语相同或从句主语为it，且=2\*GB3②从句的谓语动词为be动词时，则从句部分省去“主语+be动词”，只留“连词+表语”的结构。即有：连词+adj./adv.+n.+doing/done/todo[非谓语]+介词短语如：If(itis)possible,hewillhelpyououtofthedifficulty.Youmustattendthemeetingunless(itis)inconvenienttoyou.Whenever(sheis)free,sheoftengoesshopping.（连词+形容词）While(hewas)ayoungboy,hewasalwaysreadytohelpothers.（连词+名词）Although(heis)doinghisbestinmathsthesedays,hehasstillgotnogoodmarks.（连词+现在分词）Theconcertwasagreatsuccessthan(itwas)expected.（连词+过去分词）Hestoodupasif(hewere)tosaysomething.（连词+不定式）Shelookedanxiousasthough(shewas)introuble.（连词+介词短语）注意当从句主语和主句主语不一致时，从句部分要么使用完全形式，要么用独立主格结构来表达。如：Whenthemeetingwasover,allthepeoplewentoutofthemeeting-room.【即时巩固】单句语法填空When_________(complete),themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.Hewon'tgotherewithusunless_________(invite).Theconcertwasagreatsuccessthan_________(expect).Shelookedanxiousasthough_____trouble.她看上去很焦急，好像遇到了麻烦。【答案】1.completed2.invited3.expected4.in强化练习Ⅰ.词汇练习（一）单词拼写1.Hew_______________tohersothatnooneelsecouldhearwhathesaid.2.Asmallgesturecanhavead_______________impactonotherslessfortunate.3.Atthefuneral,everyonewasw______________withsadnessovertheyoungboy’sdeath.4.Tohisgreats_______________,hisgrandfatherdiedinacaraccidentyesterday.5.Facedsoconfusingsituation,theyoungboyhardlyc______________histhoughts.6.Ifyouareintrouble,youcanalways_______________(依靠)onBobtohelpyouout.7.Hehada_____________(和蔼的，和善的)mannerandwasagiftedpublicspeaker.8.Ihavetosayinher_____________(辩护)thatsheknewnothingaboutitbeforehand.9.Ithinktheteamfromourcityplayedwelland_______________(应得)thevictory.10.Thesalesman______________(保证)thattheTVwouldnotbreakinthefirst5yearswithnormaluse.【答案】1.whispered2.dramatic3.weeping4.sorrow5.composed6.rely/depend/count7.pleasant8.defence9.deserved10.guaranteed（二）单句语法填空1.Hislatestbook,Ithink,deserves_______________(read)severaltimes.2._____________(pleasant)thingswerewhisperedaboutJoeBiden’selectionvictory.3.Mumwhispered___________us,“Bequiet!Yourlittlesister’ssleeping.”4.Eventscouldhavedevelopedina____________(dramatic)differentway.5.Thecouple_____________(weep)atthebadnewsthattheirherosondiedinthebattle.6.Elevenpeoplewerekilledinthehighwayaccident,whichwasa_____________(sorrow)event.7.Johnisvery____________(rely)--ifhepromisestodosomethinghe’lldoit.8.Themanagerfirmlybelieves_____________(transform)isnotonlyachoice,butalsoastrategy.9._______________(overcome)bycuriosity,theboylookedoutofthewindow.10.Tobesuccessfulinlivingabroad,youmustlearntochangeyourselftofitinyournew___________(surround).【答案】1.reading/toberead2.Unpleasant3.to4.dramatically5.wept6.sorrowful7.reliable8.transformation9.Overcome10.surroundingsII.根据汉语提示将句子补充完整1.在所有我们应该感激的人当中，我们的父母是最值得我们感激（appreciation）的人。Amongallthepeopleweshouldappreciate，ourparentsaretheoneswho____________________________________.2.你可以相信，这个作曲家一定会及时出现的。他一直是一个守时的人。Youcan_________________thecomposerwillappearintime.Heisalwaysapunctualman.面对这些困难，许多学生发现自己不能全心全意地学习。_______________________________，manystudentsfindthemselvesunabletopayfullattentiontotheirstudy.他过了好一阵子才适应了新环境。Ittookhimawhile______________________thenewsurroundings.【答案】1.deserveourappreciationmost2.relyonitthat3.Facedwiththesedifficulties4.toadapthimselftoIII.完形填空OnemorninginSeptember2015,ShirleyCurrywokeuptoasurprise.Heremailinboxhadbeen31with11,000emailsfromstrangers32onherfirstSkyrimvideo.Forthethen79-year-oldShirley,thesuddenwaveof33wasoverwhelming（压倒性的）,"Ihadn'teventhoughtofanythinglikethathappeningsoIdidn'tknowwhattodo.” SoShirleydidtheonlythingthatseemed34toher:Shebeganopeningeachemail,oneafteranother,andwritingback.35,Shirley’sdread（恐惧）turnedtojoy.“WhenIrealizedthekindofcommentsIwasgetting,itgotreally36.Someofthemwerereallytouching,andIstartedgettingattachedtothesepeople.Theywereallso37.” ThatSkyrimvideowasherfirst38intothepantheon（万神殿）ofYouTubecelebrities.Theformula（公式）forbecomingapopularYouTubegamerisaboutas39asthemeaningoflife.40ShirleyisjustShirley，atwice-widowedmotheroffourandgrandmotherofninewholivesinVirginia.“IhavemyownpictureonthereandItalkaboutmyage,41IwantedmyviewerstoknowmeandIwantedtoknowthem.I'mnotgoingtohidebehindsomecartoonish-lookingavatar（化身）andnevermentionthe42thatI'manolderwoman." Shirley's43onYouTubeisn'tbecauseshe'saskilledgamerorhaswittycommentary.It'sbecauseshe'ssympatheticandaccepting.Shecreatesa44spacewherenomatterwhoyouare,youarestillhersweet45. "I'mGrandmatoallofthem,”shesaysmatter-of-factly.“That'stheyoungones,tothoseintheir30sand40s,andeventhe46ones--allofthemcallmeGrandma.Youcan'thelpbut47aboutthem.Therearechildrenwhomakecommentsinsucha（n）48waythatmakesmefeelliketheydon’thaveanyone.AndthenIgetpeoplewhosaythattheyare49ortoldthattheycan'tdothisorthat,andIinspirethemtogo50anddowhatevertheywanttodo.”31. A.covered B.blocked C.flooded D.greeted32. A.debating B.commenting C.disagreeing D.relying33. A.terror B.opposition C.support D.attention34. A.natural B.hopeful C.valuable D.regular35. A.Originally B.Basically C.Regularly D.Slowly36. A.absurd B.fun C.tough D.awkward37. A.similar B.sweet C.strange D.ordinary38.A.study B.escape C.step D.transformation39. A.mysteriousB.simple C.instructive D.useful40. A.And B.Then C.So D.But41. A.once B.thoughC.because D.if42. A.fact B.risk C.promise D.choice43. A.focus B.trust C.failureD.success44. A.dark B.empty C.physical D.warm45. A.colleague B.assistant C.grandkidD.relative46. A.closer B.older C.poorer D.richer47. A.talk B.pity C.careD.read48.A.sad B.effective C.properD.positive49.A.broughtup B.putdown C.carriedawayD.piledup50. A.about B.across C.aroundD.ahead【答案】31-35BBDAD36-40BBCAD41-45CADDC46-50BCABDIV.七选五Managingyourtimeisalotlikemanagingyourmoney.36

With24hoursadaymultipliedbysevendaysaweek,yourweeklytimebudgetis168hoursperweek.StepNo.1:37Estimate(估计)theamountoftimeperweekyouspendoneachactivity,suchasclasstime,athleticsfitness,socializingwithfriendsandotherhobbytimeandsoon.StepNo.2:Assessyouruseoftime.a)Addtogetherthetotaltimeyouwilluseperweek.b)Nowsubtract(减去)thetotaltimefrom168hours.Ifthenumberyougetisnegative,youhaveusedmoretimethanthereisinaweek.Youshouldcutbackincertainareas.Ifyouhavetimeleftover,askyourselfwhatchoicescanbemade.

38

Volunteering?Friends?Ifyourtimeusedequals168,great!Nowtakealookatanyhoursyoumaybespendinginsomeareasthatyouwanttostartusinginotherways.StepNo.3:Determineagoalandplanofactionforbettertimeuse.Whatwouldyoumostliketodotobettermanageyourtime?Youshouldconsiderusingacalendarorplanner(备忘记事本).

39Sometips:Color-codeyourcalendarorplannerbytheactivitieslistedabove,andonceyoumakeaschedule,doyourbesttostickwithit.StepNo.4:

40You'llwanttotakealookatthisagain