热点二　倡命运与共　筑美好家园

热点二倡命运与共筑美好家园Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)A(2025·郑州第二次质量预测)DuncanJurmanbecameinterestedinbutterflieswhenhewasaround5yearsold.Henoticedacoupleofcaterpillars(毛虫)inhisbackyardandwasattractedbythedifferentwaysthatcaterpillarscandisguise(伪装)themselvestostaysafeinpotentiallydangeroussurroundings.Fromthere,hestartedtolearnmoreaboutcaterpillarsandbutterflies.Jurmanbelievesthatbutterfliesplayacrucialroleinourecosystems.They'reverylowonthefoodweb,sotheysupportalotofdifferentspeciesthatrelyonthem.They'reanindicatorspeciesforthehealthoftheenvironment.Oncetheydisappear,everythingelseissoontofollow.Jurman'sgoalistotransformthelandscapeofFlorida'sBrowardCountybyturningaweedysuburbintoalivelybutterflyreserveatatimewheninsectpopulationsaredecreasingquicklyworldwide.Jurmanbelievesthateveryflowerplantedisapotentialhomeandsourceoffoodforcaterpillarsandbutterflies.Heeventuallydevelopedabutterfly-friendlygardeninhisbackyardbyresearchingthedifferentplantsthatbutterfliesprefer.Hehasalreadyraisedandreleasedmorethan5，000butterfliesfromhisgarden.JurmanalsolaunchedtheBringButterfliesBackcampaigntoeducatepeopleaboutbutterfliesandinvitethemtojoinhiscauseofprotectingbutterflies.Hesaidthatalotofpeoplearesurprisedtolearnthatinsectsaredecliningatsuchanalarmingrate,largelybecausethedeclinehasbeensogradual.Thisphenomenonhelpstoexplainwhypeopleareunwillingtotakemeaningfulactionstosavetheenvironment.In2018,Jurmanhelpedtobuildabutterflygardenathishighschool.Thegardenhashadaregenerativeeffectonthesurroundingenvironment—birds,nativelizards,andotherinsectshavereturnedingreatnumbers.Otherschoolshavebeeninspiredtostartgardens.“Idon'tknowifwecaneverreachthepointthatwewereonceatwithbutterflies,butIthinkthatifeveryonegetsinvolvedandstartstheirowngarden,theycanmaketheirownimpact，”Jurmansaid.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了DuncanJurman从小对蝴蝶产生兴趣，并通过创建蝴蝶友好型花园、发起保护蝴蝶运动，努力增加蝴蝶数量并提高人们对环境保护的意识。1．WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout？(

)A．Thefoodchainofinsects.B．Thecompetitionbetweenspecies.C．Thepotentialdangertobutterflies.D．Thevitalroleofbutterfliesinnature.答案：D解析：段落大意题。通读第二段可知，这一段主要讲述了蝴蝶在自然中的重要作用。故选D。2．WhydidJurmancreateabutterfly-friendlygarden？(

)A．Toteachpeopleaboutbutterflies.B．Tostudybutterflies'favoriteplants.C．Toincreasethenumberofbutterflies.D．Toimprovethebeautyofhisbackyard.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Jurmanbelievesthateveryflowerplantedisapotentialhomeandsourceoffoodforcaterpillarsandbutterflies...Hehasalreadyraisedandreleasedmorethan5，000butterfliesfromhisgarden.”可知，他创建蝴蝶友好型花园的目的是增加蝴蝶的数量。故选C。3．Whichshowsthephenomenonmentionedinthetext？(

)A．People'sunawarenessofenvironmentalchanges.B.Theimpactofhumanactivitiesoninsecthabitats.C.Therapiddeclineofbutterflypopulationsworldwide.D.Theprocessoftransformingnaturallandscapesintoreserves.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“Hesaidthatalotofpeoplearesurprisedtolearnthatinsectsaredecliningatsuchanalarmingrate,largelybecausethedeclinehasbeensogradual.Thisphenomenonhelpstoexplainwhypeopleareunwillingtotakemeaningfulactionstosavetheenvironment.”可知，文中提到的现象是人们对环境变化缺乏意识。故选A。4．WhatcanbeinferredfromJurman'swordsinthelastparagraph？(

)A．Moregardensarebuilttoincreasethenumberofotherinsects.B．Jurmanispessimisticaboutthefutureofthebutterflypopulation.C．It'simpossibletorestorethebutterflypopulationtotheirpreviouslevels.D．People'sjointeffortscanhaveagreatimpactonthebutterflypopulation.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘Idon'tknowifwecaneverreachthepointthatwewereonceatwithbutterflies,butIthinkthatifeveryonegetsinvolvedandstartstheirowngarden,theycanmaketheirownimpact’”可知，Jurman认为人们的共同努力可以对蝴蝶的数量产生重大影响，故选D。B(2025·湖南雅礼中学高三冲刺训练)AstudyledbyUCRiverside(UCR)atmosphericscientistspredictsthatuncheckedcarbonemissions(排放物)willforcetropicalrainstoshiftnorthwardinthecomingdecades,whichwouldprofoundlyimpacttheregionsneartheEarth'sequator.Thenorthwardrainshiftiscausedbycomplexatmosphericchanges.Thesechangesaredrivenbycarbonemissions,whichinturninfluencetheformationoftropicalconvergence(汇集)zones.Thosezonesareessentiallyatmosphericenginesthatdriveaboutathirdoftheworld'srainfall,whichAntonyP.Thomas,aprofessorofclimatechangeandsustainabilityatUCRreportedinapaperpublishedinthejournalNature

Climate

Change.Tropicalregionsoneithersidetheequator,suchascentralAfricannations,northernSouthAmerica,andPacificislandstateswouldbethemostaffected.Majorcropsintheseregionsincludecoffee,cocoa,palmoil,bananas,sugarcane,tea,mangoes,andpineapples.Tropicalrainforestscanhaveasmuchas14feetofrainayear.“Therainfallchangeisenormous，”Antonysaid.“It'saveryheavyrainfallregion.So,asmallshiftwillcausebigchangesintheeconomyofthesocieties.Itwillaffectmanyregions.”Antonyandhiscolleaguesusedadvancedcomputermodelstopredicttheatmosphericinfluenceofcarbondioxideemissionsfromcontinuedburningoffossilfuelsandothersources.“Thisclimatemodelincludedmanycomponentsoftheatmosphere,ocean,seaice,andland.Allthesecomponentsareinteractingwitheachother，”hesaid.“Basically,wetrytosimulatetherealworld.Inthemodel,wecanincreaseourcarbondioxideemissionsfrompre-industriallevelstomuchhigherlevels.”Theanalysisaccountedforhowcarbonemissionsinfluencetheamountofradiantenergyatthetopofatmosphere.Italsoconsideredthechangesinseaice,watervaporandcloudformation.Theseandotherfactorsresultedinconditionsthatpushtherain-formingconvergencezonesnorthwardbyasmuchas0.2degreesonaverage.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述一项研究预测，不受控制的碳排放将迫使热带降雨在未来几十年内向北移动，将对地球赤道附近的地区产生深远影响。5．Whatmaybethemaincauseoftherainshift？(

)A．Therainforests.B．Carbonemissions.C．TheEarth'sequator.D．Economicgrowth.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thesechangesaredrivenbycarbonemissions,whichinturninfluencetheformationoftropicalconvergence(汇集)zones.”可知，雨带的移动主要是由碳排放引起的。故选B。6．HowdoesAntonyfeelabouttherainshift？(

)A．Confused.B．Grateful.C．Worried.D．Indifferent.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“‘Therainfallchangeisenormous，’Antonysaid.‘It'saveryheavyrainfallregion.So,asmallshiftwillcausebigchangesintheeconomyofthesocieties.Itwillaffectmanyregions.’”可知，安东尼认为一个小小的转变会导致社会经济的巨大变化。它将影响许多地区。因此推断Antony对雨带的移动感到担忧。故选C。7．Whichwordcanbestdescribethestudy？(

)A．Comprehensive.B．Widespread.C．Fruitful.D．Historic.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“安东尼和他的同事使用先进的计算机模型来预测持续燃烧化石燃料和其他来源产生的二氧化碳排放对大气的影响。这个气候模型包括了大气、海洋、海冰和陆地的许多组成部分。”可知，研究使用了“先进的计算机模型”以及考虑了多个影响因素，可见这项研究是全面的。故选A。8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext？(

)A．Therainshiftisunrelatedtohumanactivities.B．Therainshiftthreatensequatorialagriculture.C．Thestudy'scomputermodelswerenotpreciseenough.D．Theimpactoftherainshiftwillbelimitedtoremoteareas.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“赤道两侧的热带地区，如非洲中部国家、南美洲北部和太平洋岛国，将受到最严重的影响。这些地区的主要作物包括咖啡、可可、棕榈油、香蕉、甘蔗、茶、芒果和菠萝。”可知，热带地区主要农作物可能受影响，说明雨带的移动威胁了赤道地区的农业。故选B。Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)(2025·江西省部分校高三联考)Sustainablepackaginghasbecomeabuzzword(时髦术语)inrecentyears,advocatedbybrandsandconsumersalikeasawaytoreduceenvironmentalharm.Frompaper-basedmaterialstobiodegradable(可生物降解的)alternatives,theshiftawayfromtraditionalplasticsappearstobeastepintherightdirection.1(____)Oneofthemostpopularalternativestoplasticsispaper-basedpackaging.Thelogicappearssound.2(____)However,theenvironmentalcostofpaperproductionisoftenoverlooked.Comparedtoplastic,producingpaperpackagingrequiressignificantlymoreenergyandwater.Astudyhighlightedthatpaperbagsrequireatleastfourtimesmoreenergytomanufacturethanplasticbags.3(____)Whilemanybrandsclaimtouseresponsiblysourcedorrecycledpaper,theglobaldemandforpaperpackagingstillplacesimmensepressureonforests.Thispressurewillcausetoomuchtreecuttingandhabitatloss,harmingwildlife.Inaddition,thelossoftreeswillreducetheplanet'sabilitytoabsorbcarbondioxide.Moreover,paper-basedpackagingisusuallyheavierthanplasticones.4(____)Forinstance,truckscarryingpaperpackagesusemorefuel,increasingemissions.Thisextraweightalsomakeslogistics(物流)morechallenging.Therefore,thefulllifecycleofpaperpackagingshowsitseco-benefitsaren'tasclearastheyseem.5(____)Thismeansfocusingonreducingwastefirst,makingbetterwastemanagementsystems,andusingsustainablematerialsinthebestway.Onlybydoingallthesethingstogethercanwecutdownonenvironmentalharm.A．Thiscanmaketransportationlessefficient.B．Therefore,manybrandsnowusepaper-basedpackaging.C.However,beneaththesurfaceliesamorecomplexreality.D．Itsproductionrequiresfourtimestheenergyofplasticbags.E.Toachieverealsustainablepackaging,weneedacompleteapproach.F．Thedestructionofforestslinkedtothepaperindustryisanotherconcern.G.Paperisbiodegradable,recyclable,andobtainedfromrenewableresources.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了可持续包装的话题，特别是纸基包装作为塑料替代品所面临的复杂现实，包括其生产过程中的环境成本、对森林的压力以及物流挑战等，最后提出了实现真正可持续包装需要采取的综合措施。1．答案：C解析：上文“近年来，可持续包装已成为一个流行词，多个品牌方和消费者都倡导将其作为减少环境危害的一种方式。从纸质材料到可生物降解的替代品，从传统塑料的转变似乎是朝着正确方向迈出的一步。”说明可持续包装已成为流行词，且从传统塑料的转变似乎是朝着正确方向迈出的一步，空处承接上文，选项C说明可持续包装背后有更复杂的现实，引出下文。故选C。2．答案：G解析：上文“Oneofthemostpopularalternativestoplasticsispaper-basedpackaging.Thelogicappearssound.(塑料最常见的替代品之一是纸基包装。这个逻辑看起来很合理。)”说明纸基包装的逻辑合理，空处承接上文，选项G“纸是可生物降解的、可回收的，并且可以从可再生资源中获得”符合语境，进一步说明纸基包装的优势。

3．答案：F解析：空格下文“虽然许多品牌方声称使用责任采购或再生纸，但全球对纸包装的需求仍然给森林带来了巨大压力。这种压力将导致过多的树木砍伐和栖息地丧失，危害野生动物。此外，树木的减少将降低地球吸收二氧化碳的能力。”说明纸包装的需求给森林带来了巨大压力，空处位于段首，应是对下文的总结。故选F。4．答案：A解析：上文“Moreover,paper-basedpackagingisusuallyheavierthanplasticones.(此外，纸基包装通常比塑料包装更重。)”说明纸基包装比塑料包装重，空处承接上文，选项A“这会使运输效率降低”符合语境，说明纸基包装比塑料包装重所带来的后果。故选A。5．答案：E解析：空格上文“

因此，纸包装的整个生命周期表明，它的生态效益并不像看上去那么明显。”说明纸包装的生态效益并不像看上去那么明显，下文“这意味着首先要关注减少浪费，建立更好的废物管理系统，并以最好的方式使用可持续材料。”说明实现真正可持续包装需要采取的措施，空处承上启下，选项E“要实现真正的可持续包装，我们需要一个全面的方法”符合语境，说明实现真正可持续包装需要采取综合措施