托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编1

托福(写作)历年真题试卷汇编1

一、听力写作(本题共2题，每题1.0分，共2分。)

1、WritingBasedonReadingandListeningDirections:Forthistask,youwillreada

passageaboutanacademictopicandyouwilllistentoalectureaboutthesametopic.

Youmaytakenoteswhileyoureadandlisten.Thenyouwillwritearesponsetoa

questionthatasksyouabouttherelationshipbetweenthelectureyouheardandthe

readingpassage.Trytoanswerthequestionascompletelyaspossibleusinginformation

fromthereadingpassageand(helecture.Thequestiondoesnotaskyoutoexpressyour

personalopinion.Youmayrefertothereadingpassageagainwhenyouwrite.Youmay

useyournotestohelpyouanswer(hequestion.Typically,aneffectiveresponsewillbe

150to225words.Yourresponsewillbejudgedonthequalityofyourwritingandonthe

completenessandaccuracyofthecontent.Youshouldallow3minutestoreadthe

passage.Thenlistentothelecture.Thenallow20minutestoplanandwriteyour

response.Writeyourresponseinthespaceprovided.ReadingYouwillhave3minutesto

readthepassage.AsilvercoinwasfoundattheGoddardsite,anancientNative

AmericanvillageinMaine.Scientistssaidthis"Mainepenny"wasaNorwegiansilver

penny.SomepeoplebelievedtheMainepennywasbroughthsrcbyVikings.However,

thereisnoreliableconfirmationordocumentationoftheGoddardcoinasaVikingrelic.

TheNorsecoinfromMaineshouldprobablybeconsideredahoax.Thissmallsilvercoin

wasexcavatedattheGoddardsite,alargeprehistoricNativeAmericantradevillagein

PenobscotBay,Maine.TheNorwegiansilverpennyfoundinMaineistoofarawayfrom

othersilvercoinsthathavebeenfound,soamorelikelyexplanationfbrthecoin's

presenceisthatitwasobtainedbynativessomewhereelse,perhapsinNewfoundland,

andtheneventuallyreachedtheGoddardsitethroughnativetradechannels.The

suggestionthatthecoinwasbroughttoAmericabyVikingsisill-founded.

Archaeologistshaveneverfoundanymoresilvercoinsinothersurroundingplaces.The

Goddardcoinremainstheonlypre-ColumbianNorseartifactgenerallyregardedas

genuinefoundwithin(heUnitedSlates.Thefactis(hainoVikingcoinshaveyeibeen

foundnorthorwestofIceland.Finally,KolbjornSkaarcofthsUniversityofOslo

determinedthecoinhadbeenmintedbetween1065and1080ADandwidelycirculated

inthetwelfthandthirteenthcenturies.Atthattime,silverwasoneofEurope'skey

resources,andsilverdrachmaswerepopulartradecoins.However,NativeAmericanshad

noconceptofthevalueofsilvercoinslikethese.So,Vikingshadnoreasontobring

silvercoinsoversuchgreatdistancestoAmerica.Thenyouwillhear:Nowlistentopart

ofalectureonthetopicyoujustreadabout.Lecture

QuestionSummarizethepointsmade

inthelectureyoujustheard,explaininghowtheycastdoubtonpointsmadeinthe

readingpassage.

标准答案：Thereadingpassagetakesaskepticalapproachtotheauthenticityofthe

famous"Mainepenny"foundatanancientNativeAmericanexcavationknownasthe

Goddardsite,andarguesthatanyclaimofthiscoinbeingaVikingrelicisfalse.The

professordisagreesentirely,andcounterseachargumentagainstthecoin'slegitimacy.

First,thereadingpointsoutthatnoothercoinlikethiswaseverfoundanywherenearthe

siteinMaine.Infact,itwasprobablybroughttherebyNativeAmericantrademany

yearslater.Theprofessorrebutsthatjustbecausenoothercoinslikethishavebeenfound

doesnotmeanVikingswerenotinthearea.Hedescribes(heirworldtravelsandvarious

proventripstheymadetoNorthAmericaatthattime.Thenextproblem,accordingtothe

reading,is(hatifthispennyv/asreallybroughtbyVikings,whyhavenoothersofits

typebeendiscoveredanywherenorthorwestofIceland?Theprofessor'sansweristhat

thecoinswerefartoovaluabletotheVikings,eventreasuredashighlyasgold.The

Vikingsprobablytookmostofthecoinsbackwiththemwhentheyreturnedhome.

Finally,theauthorcitesthatKolbjornSkaareoftheUniversityofOslodeterminedthe

coinwascirculatedinthetwelfthandthirteenthcenturies.However,NativeAmericansat

thetimehadnoconceptofmoneyorthevalueofsilvercoins.Therefore,therewould

havebeennoreasonfortheVikingstobringsilvercoinstoAmerica.However,the

professorsaysthateventhoughthenativesdidnotusesilvercoinsascurrency,theystill

lovedtheshining,attractivequalityofsilver,andsomeevidenceevensuggeststheyused

(hiscoinasanecklaceorpendant.

知识点解析：针对著名的“缅因硬币”，阅读文章认为这枚硬币不可能是维京人带

到美国的。首先，人们没有在缅因州发现其他相似的硬币；其次，维京人的故乡冰

岛也没有发现同类的硬币；最后，这枚硬币流通的年代里印第安人还没有金钱观。

而听力文章认为这三点论据都不具有说服力并进行了反驳。

2、WritingBasedonReadingandListeningDirections:Forthistask,youwillreada

passageaboutanacademictopicandyouwilllistentoalectureaboutthesametopic.

Youmaytakenoteswhileyoureadandlisten.Thenyouwillwritearesponsetoa

questionthatasksyouabouttherelationshipbetweenthelectureyouheardandthe

readingpassage.Trytoanswerthequestionascompletelyaspossibleusinginformation

fromthereadingpassageandthelecture.Thequestiondocsnotaskyoutoexpressyour

personalopinion.Youmayrefertothereadingpassageagainwhenyouwrite.Youmay

useyournotestohelpyouanswer(hequestion.Typically,aneffectiveresponsewillbe

150to225words.Yourresponsewillbejudgedonthequalityofyourwritingandonthe

completenessandaccuracyofthecontent.Youshouldallow3minutestoreadthe

passage.Thenlistentothelecture.Thenallow20minutestoplanandwriteyour

response.Writeyourresponseinthespaceprovided.ReadingYouwillhave3minutesto

readthepassage.Speedlimitsareusedinmostcountriestoregulatethespeedofon-road

motorvehicles.Thereareseveralreasonsfbrgovernmentsdoingthis,suchaskeeping

(ravelsafe,protectingtheenvironmentandreducing(hecostoffuel.Enactingspeed

limitsisoftendonewith(heintentionofimprovingroadsafetyandreducing(henumber

oftrafficcasualtiesfromcollisions.Datain1974showedthatspeedlimitscouldreduce

trafficaccidents.Inaninternaionalreportonroadtrafficinjuryprevention,theWorld

HealthOrganization(WHO)identifiedspeedcontrolasoneofthevariousinterventions

mostlikelytoreduceroadcasualties.Speedlimitsmayalsobesetinanattempt(oreduce

theenvironmentalimpactofroadtraffic,suchasvehiclenoise,vibration,andcarbon

emissions,aswellastoadheretolocalcommunitydemands.Speedlimitsareoftenin

responsetoenvironmentalconcerns.Theycanbeusedtoimprovelocalairqualityor

tackleotherfactorsaffecting〔heenvironment.TheEuropeanUnionisalsoincreasingly

usingspeedlimitsinresponsetoenvironmentalconcerns.Inaddition,lowerspeedlimits

areeffectiveatsavingfuel.Somecitieshavereducedlimitsircertainareastoaslittleas

30km/h(19mph)forfuelefficiencyreasons.Significantfuelsavingscanbeachievedby

encouragingdriverstomaintainaconsistentlowspeed,commonlyreferredtoas"eco­

driving."Forinstance,someEuropeancountrieshavealreadysucceededin"eco-driving"

practices.Thisworksduetoeffectiveenforceinentofspeedlimits.Sometimes,however,

driversignore(hiseasywaytoconservefuel.Thenyouwillhear:Nowlistentopartofa

lectureonthetopicyoujustreadabout.LectureQuestion

Summarizethepointsmadeinthelectureyoujustheard,explaininghowtheycastdoubt

onpointsmadeinthereadingpassage.

标准答案：Thepassagegivesseveralreasonsforgovernmenttosupportlimitingthe

speedofmotorvehiclesonroads.Forinstance,thespeedlimitscankeeptravelsafe,

protecttheenvironmentandcutthecostoffuel.Ontheotherendofthedebate,the

professorsaysimposingspeedlimitsisnottheonlywaytoimproveroadsafety,andin

factitcancausemanyotheiissues.Tobegin,thepassagedescribesaWorldHealth

Organizationreportfrom1974(hatfoundspeedlimitscouldgreatlyreducethenumberof

accidentson(heroad.However,theprofessorcitesotherdatain(helecturetosupporthis

positionthatexcessivespeedisnotthemajorcauseoftrafficaccidents,butthatcollisions

aremorelikelytoresultfromthesurroundingsandotherenvironmentalfactorssuchas

roadconditions,visibility,highwind,orextremetemperatureNext,thepassageposits

thatlowerspeedlimitscanhelptoreducevehiclenoise,vibration,andcarbonemissions.

Also,itcanhelpimproveairqualityandtheenvironmentoftheareassurroundingroads.

Theprofessorisunconvinced,andsuggestsseveralotherwaystoreducepollutionand

noise,suchasturningcarsoffinheavytraffic,choosingbetterfuel,andevenbuyinga

morefuel-efficientcar.Thelastargumentisthatreducingspeedshelpsdriversoutby

saving(hemmoneyonthecostoffuel.ThepassagementionsseveralEuropeancountries

whichhaveseengreatsuccesswith''eco-driving"practices.Butwhatabout(helorry

drivers,theprofessorasks.Thelorrydriverswillinevitablyspendmorelimetravelingon

theroadbecauseofthelowerspeedlimits.Inturn,laborcostswillbeincreased.Inthis

way,speedlimitscanhaveanegativeimpactontheeconomy.

知识点解析：针对高速公路是否应该限速的问题，阅读文章持肯定意见，并从三

个方面支持这一论点：限速可以减少交通事故；降低环境污染；节省燃油开支。然

而听力却认为限速反而在这些方面作用不大，甚至增加货运成本。

二、常规写作(本题共2题，每题1.0分，共2分。)

3、WritingBasedonKnowledgeandExperienceDirections:Forthistask,youwill

wiilcanessayiniespousetoaquesliunthatasksyoutostale,cxpkiin,andsuppuilyuui

opiniononanissue.Typically,aneffectiveessaywillcontainaminimumof300words.

Youressaywillbejudgedonthequalityofyourwriting.Thisincludesthedevelopment

ofyourideas,theorganizationofyouressay,andthequalityandaccuracyofthe

languageyouusetoexpressyourideas.Youhave30minutestoplanandcompleteyour

essay.Writeyouressayinthespaceprovided.QuestionWhichofthefollowing

statementsdoyouagreewith,andwhy?Parentsshouldspendmoretimeplayinggames

ordoingsportswiththeirchildren,ortheyshouldspendmoretimehelpingtheirchildren

withtheirschoolwork?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.

标准答案：Whenthinkingabouttheissuethatparentsshouldspendmoretimeplaying

gamesordoingsportswiththeirchildren,differentpeoplewillhavedifferentideas.

Whilesomepeoplemaybelievesportsandgamesarclotsoffunandarcgreatforthe

mentalandphysicaldevelopmentofchildren,Ithinkthatfbrparentskids'studywill

alwaystakeprecedence.Parentsshouldtrytospendmoretimehelpingtheirchildrenwith

(heirschoolwork,becauseschoolworkhasmorebearingonachild'sfuture.Sportsand

gamesareagreatwaytoreleasestress,buttheyoftenhavelittleeffectonachild's

future.Unlessachildshowsremarkablenaturalabilityandpassionforaparticularsport,

sportsandothergamesshouldbetreatedasahobbyonly.Veryfewkidsgrowupto

becomeprofessionalathletes,sosmartparentswillemphasizeacademicexcellence,and

encouragetheiryoungsterstostudyharderandpreparefortheirfuturecareers.Parents

shouldencouragekidstoplaygamesandgetdailyexercisetostayingoodhealth,but,at

thesametime,shouldalsomakesurethattheyfinishtheirhomeworkontimeeveryday

andofferassistanceasnecessary.Althoughplayingsportshasmanybenefitsfbrchildren

thatshouldnotbeoverlooked,itwillnotensureayoungperson'sfutureacademicand

careersuccess,soparentsmustemphasizeworkoverplay.Funhermore,ifparents

constantlyplaygameswiththeirchildrenbuttakenointerestintheirstudies,thenparents

aresettingabadexamplefortheirkids.Ifachildseeshisorherparentstakegreat

interestinplayinggamesbutnoneingoingoverhomework,thenthatkidmayendup

feelingthathomeworkandschoolarenotimportant.Toomanyparentsobsessedwith

sportsandgameshaveseentheirchildrenunderperform—firstinschool,andlaterina

career.Mynephew'sschoolperformancedoesn'treachhisfullpotential,andinmy

opinion,thiscanbelargelyattributedto(hefactthathisfathermakessuretoplay

footballwithhissonregularly,butneversitsdownandhelpswithhishomework.Good

parentswillalwaysemphasizetheinsurmountableimportanceofschoolworkandremind

(heirkidsthatsportsandgamesareonlyawaytoreleasestressfromstudies.Sportsand

gamesaregreatwaysforparentstobondwiththeirchildren,buttheyshouldalways

comesecondtothekids'schoolwork.Afterall,itistheschoolworkthatwillhavea

greaterinfluenceonthechildren'sfiituresuccess.

知识点解析：我们小的时候父母总是说“先把作业做完再出去玩''这样的话，这并

不是没道理的。体育锻炼和做游戏虽然可以锻炼身体，沟通感情，但是从更加长远

的角度来说，学习影响着我们未来的发展，因此更加重要。所以，父母要首先关注

孩子的学习，再陪他们一起玩耍。

4、WritingBasedonKnowledgeandExperienceDirections:Forthistask,youwill

writeanessayinresponsetoaquestionthatasksyoutostale,explain,andsupportyour

opiniononanissue.Typically,aneffectiveessaywillcontainaminimumof300words.

Youressaywillbejudgedonthequalityofyourwriting.Thisincludes(hedevelopment

ofyourideas,theorganizationofyouressay,andthequalityandaccuracyofthe

languageyouusetoexpressyourideas.Youhave30minutestoplanandcompleteyour

essay.Writeyouressayinthespaceprovided.QuestionDoyouagreeordisagreewith

thefollowingstatement?Shouldgovernmentsfinanciallysupportmusicians,filmmakers,

andartists?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.

标准答案：Whetherornotgovernmentsshouldfinanciallysupportmusicians,

filmmakers,andartistsisanoftendebatedtopic.Whilesomepeoplemayfeelthat

governmentsshouldnotfinanciallysupportartistsfortheycontributelittletothe

country'sfinance,Idonotbelievethatthisisthecase.Aworldwithoutmusic,film,or

otherartswouldbeveryboring,andverybleak.Theartsenrichpeople'slivesand

provideanoutletforself-expression.Ibelieve(ha(governmentsshouldfinancially

supportmusicians,filmmakers,andartistsbecausepeopleneedthereleasethatartgives

them.Inaddition,artcanoftenbringinmassiveprofitsforallthoseinvolvedandsaysa

lotabouttheculturefromwhichitoriginates.First,governmentsmustunderstandthatart

givesboththeartistsandaudiencesasenseofpleasureandrelease,whichisimportant

forahappypopulation.Whetheritisatimeofpeaceorwar,economicprosperityor

recession,peoplearealwayscreatingarttocommentonthetimes.Ifthegovernment

doesnotfundarts,thenpeoplemaybeleftwithoutanoutletforself-expressionand

relaxation,whichmayaffectthehappinessofacountry^populationasawhole.In

countriesthatdonotsponsormusiciansandfilmmakers,(hereisoftenagreatsenseof

generaldissatisfaction.Nationswithastronginterestinartstendtohaveamuchhigher

indexofhappiness.Therefore,ifgovernmentswanttoavoidLdistrustfulpublic,they

shouldinvestindifferentkindsofarts.Furthermore,investingi