托福听力tpo62 section2 对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文

托福听力tpo62section2对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文

Conversation2.............................................................................................................1

原文..............................................................1

题目..............................................................3

答案..............................................................4

译文..............................................................4

Lecture3......................................................................................................................6

原文..............................................................6

题目..............................................................8

答案.............................................................10

译文.............................................................11

Conversation2

原文

Listentoaconversationbetweenastudentandauniversityemployee.

Student:Hi.Ihadaquestion.Inormallyparkmycarinthelotnexttothemusic

building.

Employee:Oh,okay.Lot7.

Student:Yeah.Yeah,Ineverhadaproblemusingthatlotbefore,,,

Employee:IsitaboutusclosingthelotthisFriday?Wehadstudentscomplaining,but

IcangiveyouapasstoLot10.Youknowabouttheorchestrafestivalinthemusic

buildingthatday,right?

Student:Right.Iknewaboutthat.Myquestionisactuallyabout…well,youknow,

whileI'mhereIguessIwillneedapassbutthefactisI'mintheorchestrafestival

myself.Iplaythecello.Somaybe***

Employee:Sorry.OnFridayrhatlotisnon-universityguests,soyou'IIhaveto---

Student:GotoLot10.Yousure?I'mintheorchestra.

Employee:Sorry.

Student:Okay.That'sfine.IguessI'IIneedapass,butanyway,Igotaparkingticket

yesterday.

Employee:Okay.Doyouwanttopayyourfinenow?Youhavetwoweekstopayit.

Student:Idon't.ActuallyIdon'tunderstandwhyIgotit.Ialwaysparkinthesame

lot.Imean,Ididn'tdoanythingdifferent.

Employee:Okay.Isthereacodenumberontheticket?Icanlookitup.

Student:Yeah.Irememberit.Itsays036.

Employee:Alright,letmecheck.Thiswasyesterday?

Student:Yeah,earlyafternoonitwouldhavebeen.

Employee:Okay.Violation0-3-6.Itsayshereparkinginmerethanonespace.Doyou

haveabigcarorsomething?Iknowwerepaintedthelinesclosertogethersowe

couldfitmorecarsinthelot.

Student:No,it'sasmallcar.

Employee:Well,youmusthaveparkedovertheline.Morethanoneparkingspot.

Student:Really?I*msureIwasn*t.

Employee:Wehaveformstocontesttheticket.Doyouwantone?Ifyoudon'tthink

youdidanythingwrong,youcanfillitouthere.Letmegetyouone.

Student:Eventhoughitwillprobablybeagreatwasteoftime---

Employee:Okay.AndyouwantedthatpasstoLot10zright?

Student:Oh,yeah,right,Iforgotaboutthat.

题目

l.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?

[Clickon2answers.]

A.Hownonuniversityguestscangetparkingpassesforthefestival

B.WherethemanshouldparkonFriday

C.Whythemanreceivedaparkingticket

D.Howthemancangetaspecialparkingpass

2.Whydoesthestudentmentionthatheplaysintheorchestra?

A.Toletthewomanknowthatheisalreadyawareofanorchestrafestival

B.Togiveareasonforalwaysparkinginthesamelot

C.Totrytoconvincethewomanthatheshouldbeallowedtoparkinhisusuallot

D.ToexplainwhyhealreadyhasaparkingpassforFriday

3.Accordingtotheticket,whatwasthestudent'sparkingviolation?

A.Parkingintwospaces

B.Parkinginalotreservedforguests

C.Parkingwithoutaproperpass

D.Parkinginalotreservedforsmallcars

4.Whatwillthewomangivethestudent?

[Clickon2answers.]

A.Moreinformationaboutwherehecanpark

B.Apaidreceiptforhisparkingticket

C.AspecialparkingpassforFriday

D.Thepaperworktocontesthisticket

5.Whydoesthestudentsaythis:

Iknowwerepaintedthelinesclosertogethersowecouldfitmorecarsinthelot.

Student:No,it'sasmallcar.

A.Toexplainwhyhiscarshouldbeallowedintheparkingbt

B.Tocomplainthattheticketshouldhavebeengiventoadifferentcar

C.Torejectthewoman'sexplanationforhisproblem

D.Toexpressdoubtthatmorecarscanfitintheparkinglot

答案

BCCACDC

译文

请听一段学生和学校职员之间的对话。

学生：嗨。我有一个问题。我通常把车停在音乐大楼旁边的停车场。

雇员：哦,好的。7号停车场o

学生：是的。我以前用那个地方从来没有问题......

雇员：是关于我们这周五关闭工厂的事吗？有学生抱怨，但我可以让你进入第

10停车场。你知道那天在音乐大楼举行的管弦乐节吧？

学生：对的。我知道这件喜。我的问题是，我在这里的时候，我想我需要一张通

行证，但事实是，我自己也在管弦音乐节。我拉大提琴。所以也许......

雇员：对不起。周五那批人不是学校的客人，所以你得......

学生：去第十停车场。你确定吗？我在管弦乐队

雇员：对不起。

学生：好吧。这很好。我想我需要一张通行证，但不管怎样，我昨天收到『一张

违章停车罚单。

雇员：好吧。你想现在交罚款吗？你有两周的时间支付。

学生：我不喜欢。事实上，我不明白我为什么得到它。我总是把车停在同一个停

车场。我是说，我没做什么不同的事。

雇员：好吧。票上有代码吗？我可以查一下。

学生：是的。我记得它。是036。

雇员：好的，让我看看。这是昨天？

学生：是啊，应该是下午早些时候。

雇员：好吧。违反0-3-60这上面说可以在多个车位停车。你有辆大车之类的吗？

我知道我们把线条重新粉刷得更近了这样我们就能在停车场装更多的车了。

学生：不，它是一辆小汽车。

雇员：你一定是把车停过线了。不止一个停车位。

学生：真的吗？我确信我没有。

雇员：我们有对这张票提已异议的表格。你想要一个吗？如果你觉得自己没做错

什么，你可以在这里填。我给你拿一份。

学生：尽管这可能会非常浪费时间......

雇员：好吧。你想拿到的是停车场的通行证，对吧？

学生：哦，对的，我都忘了。

Lecture3

原文

Listentopartofalectureinasociologyclass.

Okay.SoTmsureeveryoneofyouhasworkedinagroupofoneformoranother.

Youknowmaybeagroupprojectyou'vedoneforschoolorsomekindofplanning

foranextracurricularactivity.Anyway,Ibetyou'vegotatleastanintuitivesenseof

whatmakesgroupssuccessfulornot.

Well,todayIwanttotalkaboutoneattempttoformalizethoseintuitionsalittleto

pindownwhatitisthatmakesgroupssuccessful.AndIthinkweshouldstartby

lookingatastudydonebyasociologistnamedBales.Itisusuallyreferredtoasthe

BalesExperiments.

SoBales'ideawastoputsmallgroupsofpeopletogether.Well,heactuallyjust

usedundergraduatemales.Youknow,hewasatauniversityandtheywerejust

handy.SoBalesputtheseguystogetherwhobythewayhadnevermeteachother

andhegavethemvariousproblemstosolve.Thenasthestudentsinteracted,Bales

andhisassistantsclassifiedeachaspectoftheirbehavior,orwhatBalescalledtheir

variousacts,intodifferentcategories.Soafterobservinglotsofgroupinteractions,

Baleshypothesizedthateverysingleact,basicallyeverythingthattheparticipants

didfitintooneoftwobasiccategories.Eachactwaseitherwhathecalled

instrumentalorexpressive.

NowBalesdefinedinstrumentalactsasanyactivitywhichwasdirectlyconcerned

withsolvingwhateverproblemthegroupisfacedwith,suchasgivinginformation,

makingasuggestion,anythingthatcoulddirectlycontributetothecompletionofthe

task,soyouknow,sayingsomethinglike…Ithinkweshouldlookatthisfactor;why

don'twetrythisorthatsolution.Theseareinstrumentalacts.Oi;well,takingnotes

forexampleisinstrumental,orevenwritingupareport.

Expressiveacts,ontheotherhand,areprettymucheverythingelse.Theyareallthe

commentsandbehaviorthatarenotspecificallydesignedtosolvetheproblemat

hand.Somethinglike,hey,tnatwasagreatsuggestion,orIappreciateyouguysdoing

suchhardwork.Theseareexpressivecomments.Orjokes,forexample,are

expressive.Andthentherearenegativeexpressivetoo,showingdisagreementor

dissatisfaction,suchasyouaretotallywrong.Okay,sonowthatwe'vegotBales'

categoriesdown,wecantalkabouthisconclusions.

Baleswasprimarilyconcernedwithwhatratioofinstrumentalandexpressiveacts

causedagrouptobemosteffective.NowbeforeIreadhisresults,Iexpectedthat

thegroupwiththehighestpercentageofinstrumentalactswouldbethemost

successfulgroup.Youknow,themoreinstrumentalacts,themorethegroupwould

beworkingonitsobjectiveandwell,themoreproductiveitwouldbe.Butthatin

factisexactlywhatdidnothappen.Groupsthathadthehighestpercentageof

instrumentalactivityweren'tveryproductiveatall.

Now,here'showBalesexplainsthis.Hesaysthatpositiveexpressiveacts,they

greasethewheels,youmightsay.Theymakethingsflowmoresmoothly.If

everybodyinthegroupactsinstrumentally,ifeverybodythatis,isofferingdifferent

suggestionsonhowtoproceedandeverybodyiscomingupwiththeirownplan,

thenallthegroupmembersarebasicallyjustbuttingheads.Nothinggetsdoneand

everybodyisatodds.

Positiveexpressiveacts,ontheotherhand,helppeoplegetalong,removingthe

tensionorhostilitythatmighthavedevelopedamongthemembersofthegroupasa

resultofinstrumentalactivity.

Ofcourse,atthesametime,agroupwithtoomuchexpressiveactivityisalso

unproductive.Ifallofthegroup'sactsareexpressive,thenthegroupisn'tdoing

anythingtofurthertheirgoals.SoBales,majorfindingisthatthemostsuccessful

groupswerethosethathadabout50%instrumentalactsand50%expressiveacts.Of

theexpressiveacts,about2/3werepositiveand1/3negative.

Balesalsoobservedarecurringpatterninthesequencingofactivity.Hefoundthatin

successfulgroups,groupleadersusuallybeganthesessionbyexchanging

informationabouttheproblem,whattheproblemis,whoarethepeopleinvolvedin

theproblem,etc.

Afterexchanginginformation,theydevotedsometimetotheexchangeofopinions,

opinionsaboutwhytheproblemmighthaveoccurred,whatwentwrong,thingslike

that,beforemovingontomakingsuggestionsastohowtosolvetheproblem.

Nowsomeofthegroupsheobserved,theydidn'tdefinetheproblem,theysortof

reversedthisorderandinsteadstartedoffwithmakingsuggestionsforsolutions,

theyendeduphavingaIcngperiodofdissensionfilledwithnegativeresponses,

negativeexpressiveacts,andwastedalotoftimebeforemovingon.

题目

l.Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?

A.Theamountofleadershipasmallgroupneedstorunsmoothly

B.Behaviorsthatcontributetoagroup'seffectiveness

C.Typesoftasksmoreeasilysolvedbygroupsthanbyindividuals

D.Themethodbywhichgroupsdivideuptheirwork

2.Whatdoestheprofessorsayabouttheparticipantsinthestudy?

[Clickon2answers.]

A.Theywerechosentorepresentadiverserangeofpeople.

B.Theywereaskedtocomeupwithsolutionstodifferentchallenges.

C.Theyweretoldtoacteitherinstrumentallyorexpressively.

D.Theiractivitieswerecarefullyobservedandsortedbytyoe.

3.Balesclassifiedactsintotwobasiccategories-instrumentalandexpressive.

Accordingtothismethodofclassification,whichstatementsareexamplesof

instrumentalactsandwhichstatementsareexamplesofexpressiveacts?

instrumentActsExp(e«rveActs

Iahsortmi!A^airwyInSOnfntir帕伊皿riKtnnArc;

IlikeyoursuggestonbutIwonderwhatsomeolthepeopleoverhere

havetosay

IthinkweshouWrewrtetheconclusioaofthereport

WouMnlitbeusefullographourresuKs?

Icompteleiy(feagreew<hyou

4.Whatwastheprofessor'sinitialreactiontotheresultsoftheBalesexperiments?

A.Shewassurprisedbecausetheresultswerenotwhatsheexpected.

B.Shewasdisappointedthattheresultswerenotwidelyaccepted.

C.Shewasdoubtfulthattheresultswerevalid.

D.Shewasconcernedbecausetheresultspointedtonosingleconclusion.

5.Whatpointdoestheprofessormakewhenshediscusseshowthegroupssequence

theiractivities?

A.Startingtheprocesswithexpressiveactscanhelpreducetension.

B.Groupleadersshouldbeflexibleinthesequencingofactivities.

C.Groupsshouldspendverylittletimeonexpressiveactivities.

D.Beginningtheprocessbyproposingsolutionsisnotthebestapproach.

6.Whydoestheprofessorsaythisaboutpositiveexpressiveacts:

Hesaysthatpositiveexpressiveacts,theygreasethewheels,youmightsay.

A.Tostresstheircomplexity

B.TostresshowfrequentlyTheyoccur

C.Toillustratetheirfunction

D.Toemphasizethatnoteveryoneiscapableofdoingthem

答案

BBDABAABADC

译文

请听社会学课上的部分内容。

好的。我相信你们每个人都在这样的或类似形式的团队里工作过。可能是你在学

校做的一个小组项目或者是某种课外活动的计划。不管怎样，我打赌你对什么使

团队成功或失败至少有一种直观的感受。

今天我要讲的是一种尝试将这些直觉形式化，来确定是什么让群体成功。我认为

我们应该从社会学家贝尔斯的一项研究开始。它通常被称为Bales实验。

所以B