2026英语四级模拟试卷及答案

2026英语四级模拟试卷及答案第1页共1页2026英语四级模拟试卷及答案一、单项选择题（共10小题，每题2分）1.WhichofthefollowingisthebesttranslationfortheEnglishidiom"breaktheice"?A.tostartaconversationB.tomakeacolddrinkC.tocauseafloodD.tobreakapieceofice参考答案：A2.Inthesentence"Thecompanyhasbeenlosingmoneyforthreeconsecutivequarters,"whatisthetenseoftheverb"hasbeenlosing"?A.PresentsimpleB.PresentcontinuousC.PastsimpleD.Pastcontinuous参考答案：B3.Whichofthefollowingwordsisanexampleofaconcretenoun?A.beautyB.happinessC.tableD.idea参考答案：C4.Ifthepresentperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent,whataspectoftheactionisbeingemphasized?A.ThebeginningoftheactionB.ThecompletionoftheactionC.ThedurationoftheactionD.Thefrequencyoftheaction参考答案：C5.Whatisthecorrectwaytoformthepastparticipleoftheverb"toread"?A.readedB.readC.readesD.reade参考答案：B6.Inthesentence"Sheisreadingabook,"whatisthefunctionoftheword"is"?A.SubjectB.VerbC.ObjectD.Adverb参考答案：B7.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofthepassivevoice?A.Thedogchasedtheball.B.Theballwaschasedbythedog.C.Thedogischasingtheball.D.Theballchasedthedog.参考答案：B8.Ifasentenceisinthesubjunctivemood,whatkindofsituationisitdescribing?A.ArealorpossiblesituationB.Ahypotheticalorcontrary-to-factsituationC.ApastsituationD.Apresentsituation参考答案：B9.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofthegerundformoftheverb"torun"?A.Runningisfun.B.Runisfun.C.Runsisfun.D.Torunisfun.参考答案：A10.Inthesentence"Thestudentshavebeenstudyingfortheexam,"whatisthepurposeoftheadverb"for"?A.ToindicatethedurationoftheactionB.ToindicatethedirectionoftheactionC.ToindicatethefrequencyoftheactionD.Toindicatethereasonfortheaction参考答案：A二、填空题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Thecompanyislookingforsomeonewithexperiencein______marketing.参考答案：digital2.Ifyouwanttosucceed,youneedtoset______andworkhardtowardsthem.参考答案：goals3.Thebookdescribesthelifeofawomanwholivedthroughtwoworldwars.Theauthoris______.参考答案：Sebagh4.InordertoimproveyourEnglish,youshould______more.参考答案：read5.Themeetingwillstartat9a.m.andfinishat5p.m.,soitwilllast______hours.参考答案：eight6.Thenewpolicywillaffect______employeesinthecompany.参考答案：all7.Sheisatalentedmusicianwhoplaysthe______andthepiano.参考答案：guitar8.Thetrainleavesfromplatform3andarrivesatplatform10.Itwillpassthrough______stations.参考答案：eight9.Thecostofthetripis500,andthehotelcosts100pernight.Ifyoustayforthreenights,thetotalcostwillbe______.参考答案：60010.Theweatherforecastpredictsrainfortomorrow,soyoushouldtakean______withyou.参考答案：umbrella三、判断题（共10小题，每题2分）1.TheGreatWallofChinaisvisiblefromspacewiththenakedeye.参考答案：×2.WilliamShakespearewrote"RomeoandJuliet"entirelyiniambicpentameter.参考答案：×3.ThechemicalsymbolforgoldisAu,derivedfromtheLatinword"aurum."参考答案：√4.Photosynthesisprimarilyoccursintherootsofplants.参考答案：×5.TheEiffelTowerwasoriginallyintendedforBarcelona,Spain,buttheprojectwasrejected.参考答案：√6.SirFrancisBaconwasthefirstpersontocircumnavigatetheglobe.参考答案：×7.TheLouvreMuseuminParisistheworld'slargestartmuseumbyarea.参考答案：√8.ThepHscalemeasurestheacidityorbasicityofasolution.参考答案：√9.AlbertEinsteinwontheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1921forhistheoryofrelativity.参考答案：√10.TheAmazonRiveristhelongestriverintheworld.参考答案：×四、简答题（共8小题，每题2分）1.WhatarethemaindifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishintermsofpronunciation,vocabulary,andspelling?参考答案：BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishdifferinpronunciation,vocabulary,andspelling.Pronunciationdifferencesincludethepronunciationofvowels(e.g.,"bath"inBritishEnglishvs."bath"inAmericanEnglish)andconsonants(e.g.,"tomato"inBritishEnglishvs."tomato"inAmericanEnglish).Vocabularydifferencesincludewordslike"lift"(British)vs."elevator"(American)and"flat"(British)vs."apartment"(American).Spellingdifferencesinclude"colour"(British)vs."color"(American)and"realise"(British)vs."realize"(American).2.Howdoestheuseofmodals(e.g.,can,could,may,might)conveydifferentdegreesofcertaintyorpolitenessinasentence?参考答案：Modalslikecan,could,may,andmightconveydifferentdegreesofcertaintyorpoliteness."Can"isusedforabilityorpossibilityandislessformal."Could"isusedforpolitenessoruncertaintyandismoreformalthan"can.""May"isusedforpermissionorpossibilityandispolite."Might"isusedforasmallerchanceofsomethinghappeningandismorepolitethan"may."3.Explainthefunctionofarticles(a,an,the)inEnglishgrammar.参考答案：Articles(a,an,the)functiontospecifywhetheranounisgeneralorspecific."A"and"an"areindefinitearticlesusedforgeneralnounsthatarenotspecific."The"isadefinitearticleusedforspecificnounsthatareknowntothespeakerandlistener.Articleshelpclarifythemeaningandcontextofasentence.4.Describetheprocessofphotosynthesisinplants,includingtherolesofsunlight,chlorophyll,andcarbondioxide.参考答案：Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsconvertsunlight,water,andcarbondioxideintoglucoseandoxygen.Sunlightprovidesenergy,chlorophyllcapturesthelightenergy,andcarbondioxideisusedasacarbonsource.Theprocessoccursinthechloroplastsofplantcells.5.Whataretheprimarycausesofclimatechange,andhowdotheyimpacttheenvironment?参考答案：Theprimarycausesofclimatechangearegreenhousegasemissions,deforestation,andindustrialactivities.Greenhousegaseslikecarbondioxideandmethanetrapheatintheatmosphere,leadingtoglobalwarming.DeforestationreducestheEarth'scapacitytoabsorbcarbondioxide.Industrialactivitiesreleaselargeamountsofpollutantsandgreenhousegases.Thesefactorscollectivelycontributetoclimatechangeanditsenvironmentalimpacts.6.Howdoesthestructureoftheatomcontributetotheformationofchemicalbonds?参考答案：Thestructureoftheatom,withitsnucleusandelectrons,contributestotheformationofchemicalbonds.Atomsbondtoachieveastableelectronconfiguration.Covalentbondsoccurwhenatomsshareelectrons,whileionicbondsoccurwhenatomstransferelectrons.Metallicbondsoccurbetweenmetalatoms,whereelectronsaresharedina"sea"ofelectrons.Thesebondsdeterminethepropertiesofmoleculesandcompounds.7.Explaintheconceptofsupplyanddemandineconomicsandhowitaffectsmarketprices.参考答案：Supplyanddemandarefundamentaleconomicconceptsthatdeterminemarketprices.Supplyreferstothequantityofagoodorserviceavailable,whiledemandreferstothequantityconsumersarewillingtobuy.Whensupplyexceedsdemand,pricestendtofall.Whendemandexceedssupply,pricestendtorise.Thisrelationshipaffectsmarketequilibriumandprices.8.Describethemainstagesofthewatercycleanditsimportanceforecosystems.参考答案：Thewatercycleconsistsoffourmainstages:evaporation,condensation,precipitation,andcollection.Evaporationistheprocesswherewaterturnsintovaporduetosunlight.Condensationistheprocesswherewatervaporturnsbackintoliquiddroplets.Precipitationistheprocesswherewaterfallsfromtheskyasrain,snow,orhail.Collectionistheprocesswherewatergathersinbodiesofwaterlikerivers,lakes,andoceans.Thewatercycleisimportantforecosystemsasitprovidesfreshwaterandregulatesclimate.五、阅读理解题（共8小题，每题3分）Thelocalcommunitycenterrecentlyorganizedaseriesofworkshopsaimedatimprovingresidents'digitalliteracy.Thefirstworkshop,heldlastmonth,focusedonbasiccomputeroperationsandinternetsafety.Participantslearnedhowtonavigatethedesktop,useemail,andidentifycommononlinescams.Thesecondworkshop,scheduledfornextmonth,willdelveintoonlinejobapplicationsandresumebuilding.Localbusinesseshaveexpressedinterestinpartneringwiththecentertoprovidejobtrainingsessionsaswell.Theworkshopsarefreeandopentoallresidents,withaspecialfocusonhelpingseniorsandindividualswithlimitedtechnologyaccess.Feedbackfromtheinitialsessionwasoverwhelminglypositive,withmanyattendeesexpressingadesireformoreadvancedcoursesinthefuture.1.Whatwasthemainfocusofthefirstworkshoporganizedbythecommunitycenter?A.AdvancedcomputerprogrammingB.BasiccomputeroperationsandinternetsafetyC.DigitalmarketingstrategiesD.Mobileappdevelopment参考答案：B2.Whenisthesecondworkshopscheduledtotakeplace?A.LastmonthB.NextmonthC.ThismonthD.Inthreemonths参考答案：B3.Whoisthesecondworkshopprimarilyaimedat?A.YoungprofessionalsB.SeniorsandindividualswithlimitedtechnologyaccessC.TechexpertsD.Businessowners参考答案：B4.Whatwasthefeedbacklikeafterthefirstworkshop?A.NegativeB.MixedC.OverwhelminglypositiveD.Unresponsive参考答案：C5.Whatisthepurposeoftheworkshopsorganizedbythecommunitycenter?A.TomakeaprofitB.ToprovidejobtrainingforlocalbusinessesC.Toimproveresidents'digitalliteracyD.Topromotetheuseofnewtechnology参考答案：C6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Theworkshopsareonlyforseniors.B.Theworkshopsarefreeforallresidents.C.Theworkshopsfocusonlyoninternetsafety.D.Theworkshopsareheldinabusinesssetting.参考答案：B7.Whatwillbethefocusofthefutureworkshops?A.AdvancedcomputerskillsB.BasicinternetusageC.JobtrainingsessionsD.Digitalmarketing参考答案：A8.Whathasbeentheresponsefromlocalbusinessesregardingtheworkshops?A.Theyarenotinterested.B.Theyareinterestedinpartneringforjobtrainingsessions.C.Theywanttoattendtheworkshopsthemselves.D.Theyhavealreadyconductedtheworkshops.参考答案：B标准答案与解析一、单项选择题1.参考答案：A解析：Theidiom"breaktheice"meanstoinitiateaconversationinasocialsetting,oftentorelievetensionorawkwardness.OptionBisincorrectbecauseitreferstomakingacolddrink.OptionCisincorrectbecauseitreferstocausingaflood.OptionDisincorrectbecauseitreferstophysicallybreakingice.Therefore,thecorrectanswerisA.2.参考答案：B解析：Theverbphrase"hasbeenlosing"isinthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.Thistenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent.OptionAisincorrectbecausethepresentsimpletenseisusedforhabitualactions.OptionCisincorrectbecausethepastsimpletenseisusedforcompletedactionsinthepast.OptionDisincorrectbecausethepastcontinuoustenseisusedforactionsinprogressataspecifictimeinthepast.Therefore,thecorrectanswerisB.3.参考答案：C解析：Aconcretenounreferstoatangibleobjectthatcanbeperceivedthroughthesenses."Table"isaconcretenounbecauseitisaphysicalobjectthatcanbeseenandtouched.OptionA,"beauty,"isanabstractnoun.OptionB,"happiness,"isalsoanabstractnoun.OptionD,"idea,"isanabstractnoun.Therefore,thecorrectanswerisC.4.参考答案：C解析：Thepresentperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent.Theaspectoftheactionthatisbeingemphasizedisitsduration.OptionAisincorrectbecausethepresentperfecttensedoesnotemphasizethebeginningoftheaction.OptionBisincorrectbecausethepresentperfecttensedoesnotemphasizethecompletionoftheaction.OptionDisincorrectbecausethepresentperfecttensedoesnotemphasizethefrequencyoftheaction.Therefore,thecorrectanswerisC.5.参考答案：B解析：Thepastparticipleoftheverb"toread"is"read."Thepastparticipleisformedbyusingthebaseformoftheverb.OptionA,"readed,"isincorrectbecauseitisnotastandardformofthepastparticiple.OptionC,"reades,"isincorrectbecauseitisnotastandardformofthepastparticiple.OptionD,"reade,"isincorrectbecauseitisnotastandardformofthepastparticiple.Therefore,thecorrectanswerisB.6.参考答案：B解析：Inthesentence"Sheisreadingabook,"theword"is"istheverb.Itisthethird-personsingularpresentformoftheverb"tobe."OptionAisincorrectbecause"She"isthesubject.OptionCisincorrectbecause"abook"istheobject.OptionDisincorrectbecause"is"isnotanadverb.Therefore,thecorrectanswerisB.7.参考答案：B解析：Thesentence"Theballwaschasedbythedog"isinthepassivevoice.Thepassivevoiceisusedwhenthefocusisontheobjectoftheactionratherthanthesubject.OptionAisincorrectbecauseitisintheactivevoice.OptionCisincorrectbecauseitisintheactivevoice.OptionDisincorrectbecauseitisintheactivevoice.Therefore,thecorrectanswerisB.8.参考答案：B解析：Thesubjunctivemoodisusedtodescribehypotheticalorcontrary-to-factsituations.OptionAisincorrectbecauseitdescribesarealorpossiblesituation.OptionCisincorrectbecauseitdescribesapastsituation.OptionDisincorrectbecauseitdescribesapresentsituation.Therefore,thecorrectanswerisB.9.参考答案：A解析：Thegerundformoftheverb"torun"is"running."Thesentence"Runningisfun"correctlyusesthegerundform.OptionBisincorrectbecauseitusesthebaseformoftheverb.OptionCisincorrectbecauseitusesthethird-personsingularpresentformoftheverb.OptionDisincorrectbecauseitusestheinfinitiveformoftheverb.Therefore,thecorrectanswerisA.10.参考答案：A解析：Inthesentence"Thestudentshavebeenstudyingfortheexam,"theadverb"for"indicatesthedurationoftheaction.OptionBisincorrectbecauseitdoesnotindicatethedirectionoftheaction.OptionCisincorrectbecauseitdoesnotindicatethefrequencyoftheaction.OptionDisincorrectbecauseitdoesnotindicatethereasonfortheaction.Therefore,thecorrectanswerisA.二、填空题1.参考答案：digital解析：空格处需要填入一个名词，与“marketing”搭配，表示一种营销方式。根据句意，这家公司正在寻找在数字营销方面有经验的人。因此，正确答案是“digitalmarketing”，即数字营销。2.参考答案：goals解析：空格处需要填入一个名词，与“set”搭配，表示设定目标。根据句意，如果你想成功，你需要设定目标并努力实现它们。因此，正确答案是“goals”，即目标。3.参考答案：Sebagh解析：空格处需要填入一个姓氏，与“author”搭配，表示作者。根据句意，这本书描述了一位经历了两次世界大战的妇女的生活。作者的名字是Sebagh，因此，正确答案是“Sebagh”。4.参考答案：read解析：空格处需要填入一个动词，与“more”搭配，表示做更多的某事。根据句意，为了提高你的英语水平，你应该做更多的阅读。因此，正确答案是“read”，即阅读。5.参考答案：eight解析：空格处需要填入一个数字，表示会议的持续时间。根据句意，会议将于上午9点开始，下午5点结束，因此将持续8个小时。因此，正确答案是“eight”，即8。6.参考答案：all解析：空格处需要填入一个形容词，与“employees”搭配，表示所有员工。根据句意，这项新政策将影响公司所有员工。因此，正确答案是“all”，即所有。7.参考答案：guitar解析：空格处需要填入一个名词，与“thepiano”并列，表示一种乐器。根据句意，她是一位有才华的音乐家，会弹奏吉他和钢琴。因此，正确答案是“guitar”，即吉他。8.参考答案：eight解析：空格处需要填入一个数字，表示列车经过的车站数量。根据句意，列车从3号站台出发，到达10号站台，因此将经过8个站台。因此，正确答案是“eight”，即8。9.参考答案：600解析：空格处需要填入一个数字，表示总成本。根据句意，旅行的成本是500美元，酒店每晚100美元，如果住三晚，总成本将是600美元。因此，正确答案是“600”，即600美元。10.参考答案：umbrella解析：空格处需要填入一个名词，与“withyou”搭配，表示随身携带的物品。根据句意，天气预报预测明天会下雨，所以你应该带一把雨伞。因此，正确答案是“umbrella”，即雨伞。三、判断题1.参考答案：×解析：Thestatementisfalse.TheGreatWallofChinacannotbeseenfromspacewiththenakedeye.SpaceagenciesandastronautshaveconfirmedthattheGreatWallisnotvisiblefromlowEarthorbitduetoitswidthandthedistance.2.参考答案：×解析：Thestatementisfalse.Whilemuchof"RomeoandJuliet"iswritteniniambicpentameter,itisnotentirelyinthismeter.Shakespearealsousedotherpoeticformsandproseintheplay.3.参考答案：√解析：Thestatementistrue.ThechemicalsymbolforgoldisAu,whichisderivedfromtheLatinword"aurum,"meaninggold.Thisisawell-establishedfactinchemistry.4.参考答案：×解析：Thestatementisfalse.Photosynthesisprimarilyoccursintheleavesofplants,specificallyinthechloroplasts,wherechlorophyllcapturessunlight.Rootsareprimarilyresponsibleforabsorbingwaterandnutrients.5.参考答案：√解析：Thestatementistrue.TheEiffelTowerwasoriginallyintendedforBarcelona,Spain,buttheprojectwasrejectedbytheCatalangovernmentin1886.Thedesignwasdeemedtoostrangeandunsuitableforthecity.6.参考答案：×解析：Thestatementisfalse.SirFrancisBaconwasanEnglishphilosopher,statesman,andessayist,buthewasnotthefirstpersontocircumnavigatetheglobe.ThefirstknowncircumnavigationwascompletedbyFerdinandMagellan'sexpedition,whichfinishedin1522.7.参考答案：√解析：Thestatementistrue.TheLouvreMuseuminParisistheworld'slargestartmuseumbyarea,coveringanareaofapproximately72,735squaremeters.Ithousesanextensivecollectionofartandartifactsfromvariousperiods.8.参考答案：√解析：Thestatementistrue.ThepHscalemeasurestheacidityorbasicityofasolutiononalogarithmicscalerangingfrom0to14.ApHof7isneutral,below7isacidic,andabove7isbasic.9.参考答案：√解析：Thestatementistrue.AlbertEinsteinwontheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1921forhisexplanationofthephotoelectriceffect,notforhistheoryofrelativity.Histheoryofrelativitywaspublishedlaterandiswidelyrecognizedforitssignificanceinphysics.10.参考答案：×解析：Thestatementisfalse.TheAmazonRiveristhesecondlongestriverintheworld,aftertheNile.TheNileisgenerallyconsideredtobelonger,althoughtherehasbeensomedebateabouttheexactlengths.四、简答题1.参考答案：BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishdifferinpronunciation,vocabulary,andspelling.Pronunciationdifferencesincludethepronunciationofvowels(e.g.,"bath"inBritishEnglishvs."bath"inAmericanEnglish)andconsonants(e.g.,"tomato"inBritishEnglishvs."tomato"inAmericanEnglish).Vocabularydifferencesincludewordslike"lift"(British)vs."elevator"(American)and"flat"(British)vs."apartment"(American).Spellingdifferencesinclude"colour"(British)vs."color"(American)and"realise"(British)vs."realize"(American).解析：本题考查英式英语和美式英语的差异。英式英语和美式英语在发音、词汇和拼写方面存在显著差异。发音差异主要体现在元音和辅音的发音上，例如“bath”在英式英语中发短元音，而在美式英语中发长元音。词汇差异体现在日常用词上，如“lift”在英式英语中指电梯，而在美式英语中指提升。拼写差异主要体现在一些单词的结尾，如“colour”在英式英语中拼写为“colour”，而在美式英语中拼写为“color”。这些差异反映了两种英语在不同地区的使用习惯和文化背景。2.参考答案：Modalslikecan,could,may,andmightconveydifferentdegreesofcertaintyorpoliteness."Can"isusedforabilityorpossibilityandislessformal."Could"isusedforpolitenessoruncertaintyandismoreformalthan"can.""May"isusedforpermissionorpossibilityandispolite."Might"isusedforasmallerchanceofsomethinghappeningandismorepolitethan"may."解析：本题考查情态动词的用法。情态动词可以表达不同的语气和含义。例如，“can”用于表示能力或可能性，语气相对不正式；“could”用于表示礼貌或不确定性，语气比“can”更正式；“may”用于表示许可或可能性，语气较为礼貌；“might”用于表示较小的可能性，语气比“may”更礼貌。这些情态动词在不同语境中可以传达不同的语气和含义，帮助表达者更准确地传达自己的意图。3.参考答案：Articles(a,an,the)functiontospecifywhetheranounisgeneralorspecific."A"and"an"areindefinitearticlesusedforgeneralnounsthatarenotspecific."The"isadefinitearticleusedforspecificnounsthatareknowntothespeakerandlistener.Articleshelpclarifythemeaningandcontextofasentence.解析：本题考查冠词的用法。冠词用于限定名词，帮助区分名词的泛指和特指。不定冠词“a”和“an”用于泛指不具体的名词，而定冠词“the”用于特指已知的名词。冠词的使用可以帮助明确句子的含义和语境，使表达更加准确。例如，“abook”指任何一本书，“thebook”指特定的某本书。4.参考答案：Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsconvertsunlight,water,andcarbondioxideintoglucoseandoxygen.Sunlightprovidesenergy,chlorophyllcapturesthelightenergy,andcarbondioxideisusedasacarbonsource.Theprocessoccursinthechloroplastsofplantcells.解析：本题考查光合作用的过程。光合作用是植物利用阳光、水和二氧化碳合成葡萄糖和氧气的过程。阳光提供能量，叶绿素吸收光能，二氧化碳作为碳源参与反应。这个过程发生在植物的叶绿体中。光合作用是植物生长和生存的基础，对地球生态系统具有重要意义。5.参考答案：Theprimarycausesofclimatechangearegreenhousegasemissions,deforestation,andindustrialactivities.Greenhousegaseslikecarbondioxideandmethanetrapheatintheatmosphere,leadingtoglobalwarming.DeforestationreducestheEarth'scapacitytoabsorbcarbondioxide.Industrialactivitiesreleaselargeamountsofpollutantsandgreenhousegases.Thesefactorscollectivelycontributetoclimatechangeanditsenvironmentalimpacts.解析：本题考查气候变化的主要原因及其影响。气候变化的主要原因是温室气体排放、森林砍伐和工业活动。温室气体如二氧化碳和甲烷在大气中吸收热量，导致全球变暖。森林砍伐减少了地球吸收二氧化碳的能力。工业活动释放大量污染物和温室气体。这些因素共同导致气候变化及其环境影响，如极端天气事件、海平面上升和生物多样性减少。6.参考答案：Thestructureoftheatom,withitsnucleusandelectrons,contributestotheformationofchemicalbonds.Atomsbondtoachieveastableelectronconfiguration.Covalentbondsoccurwhenatomsshareelectrons,whileionicbondsoccurwhenatomstransferelectrons.Metallicbondsoccurbetweenmetalatoms,whereelectronsaresharedina"sea"ofelectrons.Thesebondsdeterminethepropertiesofmoleculesandcompounds.解析：本题考查原子结构与化学键的形成。原子的结构，包括原子核和电子，决定了化学键的形成。原子通过共享或转移电子来形成稳定的电子构型。共价键是原子共享电子形成的，离子键是原子转移电子形成的，金属键是金属原子之间共享电子形成的。这些化学键决定了分子和化合物的性质。7.参考答案：Supplyanddemandarefundamentaleconomicconceptsthatdeterminemarketprices.Supplyreferstothequantityofagoodorserviceavailable,whiledemandreferstothequantityconsumersarewillingtobuy.Whensupplyexceedsdemand,pricestendtofall.Whendemandexceedssupply,pricestendtorise.Thisre