广东佛山顺德区2026年下学期普通高中教学质量检测（二）英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1广东佛山顺德区2026年下学期普通高中教学质量检测（二）英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFamilytravelershavebecomeessentialtothefutureofsustainableandregenerativetravel.Sustainabletravelfocusesonreducingharmdonebytourismactivities,whileregenerativetravelaimstohaveanetpositiveimpactonadestination.Familytravelofferspowerfulteachingmoments,exposingchildrentoglobalissuesandinspiringthemtobecomeenvironmentaladvocates.Herearefourinspiringexamples.BorneoFamilyHolidayThistripiscreatedwitheventheyoungesttravelersinmind,offeringahands-onmarineconservationactivity—coralreplanting—that’sopentokidsasyoungasfive.Familieslearnaboutmarinebiodiversityandcoralrepair.Italsoincludesexploringamonkeycenterandevenanimmersiveovernightstayinthejungle.BaliGlobalClassroomAdventureThetripincludesaseriesoflearningmoments,followedbyregenerativetravelactivities.Forinstance,participantslearnabouthowonelocalcommunityshiftedfromdestroyingmarinelifetoprotectingandnurturingit,afterwhichthere’sachancetoparticipateinserviceprojectsfocusedonpreservingthehealthoftheocean.PeruFamilyAdventureThistripfeaturesaheightenedfocusonactivelyengagingwithlocalpeopleandbusiness,inordertohelpsupportasustainablefuture.Travelersvisitalocalweaving(纺织)co-optomeetthewomenworkersandlearnabouttraditionalweavingmethods,thussupportingthesurvivaloflocalbusinessandculturaltraditions.CostaRicaAdventureHolidayFamilieswitnesstherelationshipbetweennatureandlocalcommunities,supportlocaleconomiesthroughvisitswithhandicraftsellers,andprotectbiodiversitythroughnaturereservevisits.Thetripreducesthecarbonfootprintbystayinginsustainablefamily-runhotels.1.Whichtripofferskidsachancetostayonenightinthejungle?A.BorneoFamilyHoliday. B.BaliGlobalClassroomAdventure.C.PeruFamilyAdventure. D.CostaRicaAdventureHoliday.2.Whatisthemainfocusofthe“PeruFamilyAdventure”trip?A.Exploringtouristattractions. B.Supportinglocalbusiness.C.Sellinghandmadecraftstotourists. D.Teachinglocalshowtoweave.3.Whatisacommongoalofthefourtrips?A.Toprovideaffordabletraveloptions. B.Toteachchildrensurvivalskills.C.Tooffermoney-savingtraveltips. D.Toeducatethroughsustainabletravel.【答案】1.A2.B3.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了四个适合家庭的可持续旅行项目，通过环保与文化体验让孩子了解自然与社会，践行可持续旅行理念。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据BorneoFamilyHoliday部分中“Italsoincludesexploringamonkeycenterandevenanimmersiveovernightstayinthejungle.(它还包括探索猴子中心，甚至在丛林中沉浸式过夜。)”可知，婆罗洲家庭度假之旅为孩子提供在丛林过夜的机会。故选A项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据PeruFamilyAdventure部分中“Thistripfeaturesaheightenedfocusonactivelyengagingwithlocalpeopleandbusiness,inordertohelpsupportasustainablefuture.(这次旅行的重点是积极与当地人民和企业互动，以助力支持可持续的未来。)”可知，秘鲁家庭冒险之旅主要致力于支持当地企业。故选B项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Familytravelofferspowerfulteachingmoments,exposingchildrentoglobalissuesandinspiringthemtobecomeenvironmentaladvocates.(家庭旅行提供了极具意义的教育机会，让孩子们接触全球性问题，并激励他们成为环保倡导者。)”可知，这四个旅行项目的共同目标是通过可持续旅行进行教育。故选D项。BGrowinguponLongIsland,CaitlinNoonanlearnedtobecautiousaboutthewatershedrank.“WhereIlived,allofourdrinkingwatercamefromundergroundwatersources.Thatmeantanychemicalsorpollutantsoutsidecouldeasilyfindtheirwayintothewatersupply,”sheexplained.Shewasalwaysusingawaterfilter(过滤器),alwaysworriedaboutwhatmightbeinthetap.Thisearlyexperienceshapedheracademicpathandkickstartedherfutureasanenvironmentalproblem-solver.Nowaseniorinchemicalengineering,Noonanisturningconcernintoaction.Sheleadsaprojectaimedatexploringhowwastefoodcanbetransformedintoamaterialcapableofremovingcarbondioxide(CO₂).WithhelpfromUConnDiningServices,Noonangatheredabout10poundsoffoodwastefromdininghallsandbroughtittoherlab.Shegroundanddriedthewasteintopowder,whichthenunderwentslowpyrolysis—ahigh-heatprocesswithoutoxygen.Thisprocessproducedbiochar(生物炭),acarbon-rich,sponge-likematerial,alongwithotherbyproducts.Noonanfocusedonbiochar,whichcanbetunedtoabsorbCO₂.Toenhanceitseffectiveness,sheappliedsteamactivationat900°C,creatingastructureidealfortrappingCO₂molecules(分子).Thefinalproductisareusable,dark,sponge-likepowderthatcansafelyreturntotheenvironmentasasoilenhancer.Unlikechemicaladsorbents,itremainsstableinsoilforcenturies,supportingplantgrowth.Noonanhaswonthetopscholarshipforundergraduatesinmath,naturalsciencesandengineering.“WhattrulydistinguishesNoonanisherremarkableindependentthinking,”saysJuliaValla,herresearchadvisor.“Unlikemostundergraduateresearcherswhorequiresignificantguidance,NoonanconsistentlychallengesmewithnewideasandapproachestoourworkonCO₂capture.Inmyexperience,thestudentswhochallengetheiradvisorsratherthansimplyfollowingdirectionsaretheoneswhoultimatelyreshapetheirfields.”Inadditiontoherresearch,NoonanalsoservesasateachingassistantandplanstopursueaPh.D.inchemicalengineering,focusingoncarboncapture.Herlong-termgoalistocontinuetransformativeenvironmentalresearch.“Throughmywork,Iwanttomakeameasurableandpositiveimpactontheplanet,”shesaid.4.WhatcanweinferaboutNoonanfromparagraph1?A.Shewasworriedaboutpublichealth. B.Sheignoredthequalityofdrinkingwater.C.Sheavoideddrinkingundergroundwater. D.Shedevelopedearlyenvironmentalawareness.5.Whatisthemainfocusofparagraph3?A.TheequipmentusedinNoonan’slab. B.TheprocessofNoonan’sexperiment.C.ThemotivationforNoonan’sresearch. D.ThedifficultyNoonanfacedintheexperiment.6.WhatmakesNoonanstandout,accordingtoJuliaValla?A.Herneedforconstantguidance. B.Herwillingnesstoquestionheradvisor.C.Herpoorrelationshipwithheradvisor. D.Herfocusonfollowingtraditionalmethods.7.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.EmissionFighter:FromFoodWastetoSolution.B.WasteManagement:ANewHopeforGlobalPollution.C.GrowingStory:TheDailyLifeofaChemicalStudent.D.WastetoWonder:UniversityDiningHalls’RecyclingProgram.【答案】4.D5.B6.B7.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述Caitlin因儿时饮水担忧萌生环保意识，研发将餐厨垃圾制成生物炭吸附二氧化碳，科研出众，立志深耕碳捕捉造福地球。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Thisearlyexperienceshapedheracademicpathandkickstartedherfutureasanenvironmentalproblem-solver.(这段早期的经历塑造了她的学术道路，并开启了她日后成为环境问题解决者的生涯)”可知，诺南很早就具备了环境意识，故选D。【5题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“WithhelpfromUConnDiningServices,Noonangatheredabout10poundsoffoodwastefromdininghallsandbroughtittoherlab.Shegroundanddriedthewasteintopowder,whichthenunderwentslowpyrolysis—ahigh-heatprocesswithoutoxygen.Thisprocessproducedbiochar(生物炭),acarbon-rich,sponge-likematerial,alongwithotherbyproducts.Noonanfocusedonbiochar,whichcanbetunedtoabsorbCO₂.Toenhanceitseffectiveness,sheappliedsteamactivationat900°C,creatingastructureidealfortrappingCO₂molecules(分子).(在康涅狄格大学餐饮服务中心的协助下，努南从食堂收集了约10磅餐厨垃圾并带回实验室。她将垃圾研磨、烘干制成粉末，随后对其进行慢速热解——一种无氧高温处理工艺。该过程会产出富含碳、质地多孔海绵状的生物炭及其他副产品。努南重点研究可调控吸附二氧化碳性能的生物炭，为提升吸附效果，她采用900摄氏度蒸汽活化工艺，打造出极易捕捉二氧化碳分子的结构)”可知，第三段的主要内容是诺南实验的过程。故选B。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段““WhattrulydistinguishesNoonanisherremarkableindependentthinking,”saysJuliaValla,herresearchadvisor.“Unlikemostundergraduateresearcherswhorequiresignificantguidance,NoonanconsistentlychallengesmewithnewideasandapproachestoourworkonCO₂capture.

Inmyexperience,thestudentswhochallengetheiradvisorsratherthansimplyfollowingdirectionsaretheoneswhoultimatelyreshapetheirfields.(“诺南的独特之处在于她出色的独立思考能力，”她的导师朱莉娅·瓦拉说道。“与大多数需要大量指导的本科生研究人员不同，诺南总是以新的想法和方法向我提出挑战。以我的经验来看，那些勇于挑战导师、而不仅仅是服从指令的学生，最终往往能推动他们所在领域的变革。”)”可知，根据朱莉娅·瓦拉的说法，诺南的独特之处在于她敢于质疑她的导师。故选B。【7题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Nowaseniorinchemicalengineering,Noonanisturningconcernintoaction.Sheleadsaprojectaimedatexploringhowwastefoodcanbetransformedintoamaterialcapableofremovingcarbondioxide(CO₂).(如今，诺南已是一名化学工程专业的高年级学生了。她将关注转化为行动，领导了一个旨在研究如何将废弃食物转化为能够去除二氧化碳（CO₂）的材料的项目)”结合本文讲述Caitlin因儿时饮水担忧萌生环保意识，研发将餐厨垃圾制成生物炭吸附二氧化碳，科研出众，立志深耕碳捕捉造福地球。可知，A选项“减排斗士：从食物废弃物到解决方案”最符合文章标题。故选A。CGoingforawalkwithProfessorShaneO’Maraisariskybusiness.Thebrainscientistissopassionateaboutwalkingthatheisdeterminednottoletanythingmakehimpause.“Oneoflife’sgreathorrorsasyou’rewalkingiswaitingforpermissiontocrossthestreet,”hetellsme,whenwestopfortraffic.I’mnotinapositiontochallengethis.O’Maraspeaksnotonlythroughpersonalexperience,butfromscientificdata—walkingmakesushealthier,happierandbrainier.WearewanderingthestreetsdiscussingO’Mara’snewbook,InPraiseofWalking,butourchatisunpredictable:heseemstobetalkingaboutscience,nature,architectureandliterature.Hefavourswhathecallsa“motor-centric”viewofthebrain—thatbrainevolvedtosupportmovement,andtherefore,ifwestopmoving,brainwon’tworkaswell.Iwitnessedthebrain-healingeffectsofwalkingwhenmyhusbandwasrecoveringfromabraininjury.Duringoureveningwalks,hiswordsstartedtomakemoresenseandconversationflowedeasily.O’Maranodshisheadinagreement.“You’rewalkingrhythmically,andthereareallsortsofrhythmshappeninginthebrain.They’reabsentwhenyou’resitting,”hesays.Somepeople,Ipointout,don’tconsiderwalkingasproperexercise.“Thisisaterriblemistake,”hesays.“Whatweneedtobeismuchmoregenerallyactive.Andoften,peoplespendanhouratthegymbutdon’tmovemuchfortherestoftheday.Thisdoesn’tcutit.”O’Maraadds,“Aswe’rewalking,you’restillalive,breathing,andyourheartisbeating.You’reputtingonefootinfrontoftheother,andwe’retalking.Plus,I’mcheckingoutthearea,admiringthearchitecture,andwatchingpeople.Allofthesearegoingonallthetime.Robotscan’tdothis.Gettingarobottocrosstheroadisreallyhard.Whereasforourbrains,evolutionhasbeensolvingthisproblem,forthepast400millionyears.”8.WhatdoesthewritermentionwhendescribingheropinionofO’Mara?A.Sheisamusedbyoneofhishabits. B.Hisclevernessmakesherfeelnervous.C.Shefeelsimpressedbyhiswalkingspeed. D.Shefeelsunqualifiedtoquestionwhathesays.9.WhatcanwelearnaboutO’Marainparagraph2?A.Heconstantlychangestheconversationtopic. B.Hehasviewsthatsomeonedisagreeswith.C.Hebeginswalkinginordertoproveatheory. D.Heisnowdoingresearchforafuturebook.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“Thisdoesn’tcutit”meaninparagraph4?A.Thisisunrealisticformostpeople. B.Thisdoesn’tsoundveryattractive.C.Thisfailstoachievethedesiredresult. D.Thisfailstodistinguishbetweentwochoices.11.Inthefinalparagraph,O’Marasuggeststhattheactofwalking______A.canimprovepeople’sleadership. B.canbereproducedbytechnology.C.resultsfromadaptationovertime. D.encouragespeopletocooperate.【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文通过与行走科学专家O’Mara的交流，介绍行走有益身心健康与大脑运作，是长期进化形成的独特能力。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“I’mnotinapositiontochallengethis.O’Maraspeaksnotonlythroughpersonalexperience,butfromscientificdata—walkingmakesushealthier,happierandbrainier.(我无权对此提出质疑。O’Mara不仅依据个人经历，更基于科学数据指出——步行能让我们更健康、更快乐、也更聪明。)”可知，作者觉得自己没有资格质疑O’Mara所说的话。故选D项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“WearewanderingthestreetsdiscussingO’Mara’snewbook,InPraiseofWalking,butourchatisunpredictable:heseemstobetalkingaboutscience,nature,architectureandliterature.(我们漫步在街头，讨论着O’Mara的新书《InPraiseofWalking》，但我们的聊天内容天马行空：他仿佛同时在谈论科学、自然、建筑与文学。)”可知，O'Mara不断变换谈话话题。故选A项。【10题详析】词句猜测题。根据第四段“Andoften,peoplespendanhouratthegymbutdon’tmovemuchfortherestoftheday.Thisdoesn’tcutit.”(而且经常，人们在健身房待一小时，但当天其余时间很少活动，Thisdoesn’tcutit.)”可知，这里指人们只在健身房练习一个小时而其它时间很少锻炼，没有获得足够运动量，所以这句话表示无法达到预期效果。故选C项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段“Robotscan’tdothis.Gettingarobottocrosstheroadisreallyhard.Whereasforourbrains,evolutionhasbeensolvingthisproblem,forthepast400millionyears.(机器人做不到这一点。要让机器人过马路极其困难。而对我们的大脑来说，在过去4亿年的进化过程中，早已解决了这个问题。)”可知，行走是长期适应演化的结果。故选C项。DWhenajudgeisdecidingwhethersomeoneistellingthetruth—orwhenwe’redecidingwhattowearbasedonalookoutthewindow—wearejudgingthevalueofevidence.Thiscomplexabilityhaslongbelievedtobeuniquelyhuman.However,arecentstudyinScienceshowsthatoneofourclosestlivingrelatives,chimps,canalsoweightheevidencetomakedecisions.Inaseriesofexperiments,researcherstestedchimpsattheNgambaIslandChimpanzeeSanctuarytoseehowtheanimalshandleddifferentevidence.Inthefirsttest,aresearchershowedthechimpstwoboxes.Box1hadstrongevidence:aglasspanelallowedthechimpstoclearlyseetheappleinside.Box2providedweakerevidence:Therewasnoglasspanel,butsomething(awoodenball)insideitrattled(咯咯作响)whenshaken.ThechimpswhosawBox1firstchosethatboxandstuckwithitwhengiventheoptiontoswitchtoBox2.However,thechimpswhogottherattlingboxfirstswitchedtheirdecisionsoncetheysawthestrongerevidenceinBox1.Mostimpressively,thechimpsevenrevisedtheirbeliefswhenearlierevidencewasmisleading.IftheyheardsomethingbouncinginBox1,theywouldexpectanapplebasedonpreviousexperience.However,whentheexperimenterpulledoutastone,thechimpswouldimmediatelychooseBox2.“Noneofusthoughttheycoulddoitbecauseit’sjustsocomplex,”saysJanEngelmann,apsychologist.Expertsnotethatthisisthefirsttoshowthatchimpscanbothweighevidencetoformtheirbeliefsandrevisethosebeliefs.Thefindingsbreaknewgroundonthe“majorissue”ofwhetherhumansareuniqueinthiscomplexability.“It’ssuperexcitingtorecognizethatwe’resharingtheplanetwithotherhighlyintelligentbeings,”saysKristinAndrews,aphilosopherwhostudiesanimalcognition.Thenextstep,scientistshopetotestsimilarskillsinotherspecies,suchasbonobosanddogs,tobetterunderstandhowrational(理性)thinkingevolved.AsCharlesDarwinpredictedover150yearsago,humanintelligencemaysimplybeanextensionofcapacitiesfoundacrosstheanimalkingdom.AsHarealsoputsit,there’snoneedtosearchthestarsforintelligence.Wealreadyknowwe’renotalone.TherearebeingshereonEarthconsideringtheworldinawaythatwethinkofasrational.12.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Howchimpslearnfromdailyexperience.B.Theevolutionaryhistoryofhumanintelligence.C.Anexperimentshowingchimps’rationalthinking.D.Howchimpsdifferfromhumansindecision-making.13.Whatdidthechimpanzeesdointheexperimentinparagraph2?A.Theyrefusedtomakeasecondchoice.B.Theyrandomlyselectedbetweenthetwoboxes.C.Theykepttheirchoiceevenafterseeingtheapple.D.Theychangedtheirchoiceafterseeingstrongerevidence.14.Whatistheexperts’attitudetowardthefindings?A.Doubtful. B.Indifferent. C.Impressed. D.Concerned.15.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowbyquotingDarwin?A.Rationalthinkingevolvedacrossspecies.B.Humanintelligencedevelopedindependently.C.ModernsciencehasreplacedDarwin’stheory.D.Itisimportanttosearchforintelligenceinspace.【答案】12.C13.D14.C15.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一项科学实验，证明黑猩猩能够权衡证据并修正判断，展现出理性思考能力，打破了人类独有的认知。【12题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文特别是第一段“However,arecentstudyinScienceshowsthatoneofourclosestlivingrelatives,chimps,canalsoweightheevidencetomakedecisions.(然而，《科学》杂志近期的一项研究表明，与人类亲缘关系最近的黑猩猩也能权衡证据做出决定。)”可知，文章主要介绍一项展示黑猩猩理性思维的实验。故选C项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“However,thechimpswhogottherattlingboxfirstswitchedtheirdecisionsoncetheysawthestrongerevidenceinBox1.(然而，先看到摇晃发声盒子的黑猩猩在看到1号盒子里更有力的证据后，改变了它们的决定。)”可知，黑猩猩在看到更有力的证据后改变了选择。故选D项。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Noneofusthoughttheycoulddoitbecauseit’sjustsocomplex,(我们没人想到它们能做到，因为这个过程非常复杂，)”以及“It’ssuperexcitingtorecognizethatwe’resharingtheplanetwithotherhighlyintelligentbeings,(意识到我们与其他高智慧生物共享这个星球，这令人无比激动，)”可知，专家们对这一发现印象深刻且感到惊叹。故选C项。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段“Thenextstep,scientistshopetotestsimilarskillsinotherspecies,suchasbonobosanddogs,tobetterunderstandhowrational(理性)thinkingevolved.AsCharlesDarwinpredictedover150yearsago,humanintelligencemaysimplybeanextensionofcapacitiesfoundacrosstheanimalkingdom.(科学家们希望下一步在倭黑猩猩、狗等其他物种身上测试类似技能，以便更好地理解理性思维是如何进化的。正如150多年前查尔斯・达尔文所预测的那样，人类智力或许只是动物界普遍存在的各种能力的一种延伸。)”可知，作者引用达尔文的观点是为了说明理性思维在不同物种间逐步进化而来。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。有两项为多余选项。Iwas22andonafamilyholidaywhenitfirsthappened.Aswewalkedalongthebeach,Isawablueglassontheshore.Irealizedtherewassomethinginsideit.Iwassoexcited!I’dalwaysdreamedoffindingamessageinabottleandmyhandswereshakingasIopenedit.Thebottlehadbeendroppedeightmonthsearlierbyacoupleonacruise.Itwasn’tatreasuremaporacryforhelpfromadesertedisland,butthisbottlehadsurviveditsjourneyacrosstheAtlantic—andI’dfoundit.____16____IemailedthesendersassoonasIreturnedtothehotel.Theywerehappytoknowsomeonehadgottheirmessage,thoughperhapsalittledisappointedithadbeenfoundsosoon.Forme,however,itwasaprofoundexperience.____17____Ibeganspendingallmysparetimelookingformorebottles.Sincethatholiday,I’vefoundover80messagesinbottles,mostlyontheTurksandCaicosIslands,oftencalleda“magnetforfloatingobjects.”Bottleshavebeenwashinguptheresincethe1800s.I’vefoundmessagesfromsendersinNorthAmerica,EuropeandAsia.____18____I’vealsofoundartwork,businesscards,evenmoney.ItrytocontactthesendersifIcan.____19____AndIoftengethelpthroughmyblogandwebpage.Lastsummer,ItravelledtoGermanytomeetatravelagentwhosemessageIfoundbackin2011.Bythen,themessagehadbeenbadlydamaged,andIcouldonlyreadaletterheadandhername.Itriedtofindherforfouryearsbeforepostingonsocialmedia.Withinaday,Itrackedherdown.____20____We’vebeenbroughttogetherentirelybychanceandmighthavenothingincommon.Soyoumaythinktheseencounterscouldbeawkward,althoughthathasn’thappenedsofar.PeoplewhosendmessagesinbottlesareusuallyadventurousandjustasexcitedtomeetasIam.A.Itbecamemypassion.B.Itfeltlikeamiracletome.C.Manypeopleforgetthemessages.D.It’snotjustmessagesinsideeither.E.It’sastrangeexperiencewhenImeetasender.F.TheInternethasmadethismucheasierthanbefore.G.Onceyouknowhowtocollectproperly,youfindbetterones.【答案】16.B17.A18.D19.F20.E【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在海边偶然发现一个漂流瓶后，对寻找漂流瓶产生浓厚兴趣，并在此过程中与世界各地寄送漂流瓶的人们建立了奇妙的联系。【16题详析】上文“Thebottlehadbeendroppedeightmonthsearlierbyacoupleonacruise.Itwasn’tatreasuremaporacryforhelpfromadesertedisland,butthisbottlehadsurviveditsjourneyacrosstheAtlantic—andI’dfoundit.(这个瓶子是八个月前一对夫妇在游轮上丢下的。它不是藏宝图，也不是荒岛上的求救信号，但这个瓶子穿越了大西洋幸存下来——而我找到了它)”描述了漂流瓶的来源及其跨越海洋的非凡旅程。B选项“Itfeltlikeamiracletome.(对我来说这感觉像个奇迹)”承接上文，用“It”指代上文的“发现这个漂流瓶”这一经历，表达了作者对这一奇妙相遇的惊叹之情。故选B项。【17题详析】上文“Forme,however,itwasaprofoundexperience.(然而，对我来说，这是一次深刻的经历)”指出这次发现对作者意义重大。A选项“Itbecamemypassion.(它成了我的热爱)”承接上文，用“It”指代上文的“findingamessageinabottle”这一事情，点明这次经历让作者将寻找漂流瓶变成了自己的热爱。下文“Ibeganspendingallmysparetimelookingformorebottles.(我开始把所有空闲时间都用来寻找更多的瓶子)”则描述了作者为此投入大量时间的具体表现，与A选项形成“热爱—行动”的逻辑关系。故选A项。【18题详析】上文“Bottleshavebeenwashinguptheresincethe1800s.I’vefoundmessagesfromsendersinNorthAmerica,EuropeandAsia.(自19世纪以来，瓶子就一直被冲上那里的海岸。我找到过来自北美、欧洲和亚洲寄信人的信息)”描述了作者找到的漂流瓶中的信件。D选项“It’snotjustmessagesinsideeither.(里面也不只有信件)”承接上文，指出漂流瓶中的内容比信件更丰富。下文“I’vealsofoundartwork,businesscards,evenmoney.(我还发现过艺术品、名片，甚至钱)”则具体列举了信件之外的其他物品，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。【19题详析】上文“ItrytocontactthesendersifIcan.(如果可能的话，我会尝试联系寄信人)”描述了作者联系寄信人的意愿。F选项“TheInternethasmadethismucheasierthanbefore.(互联网让这件事比过去容易多了)”承接上文，用“TheInternet”解释了作者能够顺利联系寄信人的原因——网络技术的便利。下文“AndIoftengethelpthroughmyblogandwebpage.(我经常通过我的博客和网页获得帮助)”则具体介绍了作者利用互联网联系寄信人的方式，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。【20题详析】下文“We’vebeenbroughttogetherentirelybychanceandmighthavenothingincommon.Soyoumaythinktheseencounterscouldbeawkward,althoughthathasn’thappenedsofar.(我们完全是偶然被联系在一起的，可能毫无共同之处。所以你可能会觉得这些相遇会很尴尬，尽管到目前为止还没有发生过)”描述了作者与寄信人相遇时的特殊情况——偶然相遇、可能毫无共同之处，并指出这种相遇看似尴尬却并非如此。E选项“It’sastrangeexperiencewhenImeetasender.(当我和寄信人见面时，这是一种奇特的经历)”作为本段首句，用“strange”概括了下文所描述的“偶然相遇、可能无共同点”的奇特之处，起到总领全段的作用。故选E项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MaunaLoainHawaiiisamongtheworld’smostactivevolcanoes.However,this____21____spotisanidealplaceforsimulating(模拟)aspacemissiontoMars.Thesitewaschosenbecauseitisrelativelyremoteand____22____totheconditionsonMars.TheredplanethaslargevolcanoesthataregeologiccousinstoMaunaLoa.____23____,sixscientistswerehousednearthevolcanoinasmallwhitedome(圆顶屋)foran8-monthexperiment,the____24____ofwhichwasto____25____informationonhowlengthyMarsmissionscouldpsychologicallyaffectastronauts.Thesixscientistsclosedthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworldinordertostudywhat____26____onMarswouldbelike.Theirtaskwastoseehowisolationaffectsthesocialaspectsofexplorerswhomightoneday____27____theredplanet.ConditionsonMarsaretough,sothesixhadtomanagewithoutmanyoflife’s____28____,likefreshfruitandunlimitedwater.Leavingthehabitatinvolved____29____heavysuitssimilartothosebeingdesignedforMarsastronautsandwaiting5minutesinan“airlock”tosimulatehowtheairpressuredrops.Theyonlyleftthedomeonceaweekto____30____fieldstudiesthatwouldhappenduringaMarsmission.Outside,therewasalottoexplore—lavaflows,caves,andigneousrock.The____31____wereaparticularlyattractivedestination.Inanarticle,aparticipantnotedhercrewexploredmorethan100caves.Inoneparticularcave,shedetailedthe____32____thatcamefromexploringfinger-shapedrockformations.“Wehaveexaminedtherockmoreclosely,and____33____asuitableshelterforapossibleevacuation(撤离)fromthedome,”shewrote.“OnMarsthiskindoflavatube(熔岩管)ishopedtoprovidesheltertoastronautsfromthe____34____spaceradiationduringasolarstorm.”Theresearchfindingsareexpectedtohaveconsiderable____35____ondecisionswhenputtingastronautsforfuturemissionstoMars.21.A.uncertain B.unimportant C.unnecessary D.unlikely22.A.vital B.linked C.similar D.beneficial23.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.However D.Still24.A.cause B.objective C.result D.challenge25.A.send B.store C.change D.download26.A.weather B.water C.life D.volcanoes27.A.inhabit B.pollute C.picture D.map28.A.skills B.fortunes C.tools D.luxuries29.A.protecting B.locating C.carrying D.wearing30.A.keepaneyeon B.carryout C.breakoff D.calloff31.A.shelters B.rocks C.caves D.domes32.A.relief B.excitement C.fear D.peace33.A.decorated B.built C.destroyed D.found34.A.harmful B.random C.mysterious D.unexpected35.A.limitations B.pressure C.influence D.control【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.B25.B26.C27.A28.D29.D30.B31.C32.B33.D34.A35.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍夏威夷冒纳罗亚火山因环境酷似火星，被用于模拟火星任务实验，科学家在此模拟火星生活，为未来载人探火任务提供研究依据。【21题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个看似不太可能的地方却是模拟火星太空任务的理想地点。A.uncertain不确定的；B.unimportant不重要的；C.unnecessary不必要的；D.unlikely不太可能的。根据前文“MaunaLoaisamongtheworld’smostactivevolcanoes”可知，活跃火山本不适合科研，因此是不太可能的地点。故选D项。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该地点被选中是因为它位置偏远，且与火星环境相似。A.vital至关重要的；B.linked相关的；C.similar相似的；D.beneficial有益的。根据后文“TheredplanethaslargevolcanoesthataregeologiccousinstoMaunaLoa”可知，这里指两地地质环境相似。故选C项。【23题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，六名科学家被安置在火山附近的白色小圆顶屋内，进行为期8个月的实验，其目的是收集关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息。A.Therefore因此；B.Moreover此外；C.However然而；D.Still仍然。根据前文“TheredplanethaslargevolcanoesthataregeologiccousinstoMaunaLoa”描述MaunaLoa适合模拟火星环境，因此开展实验，前后为因果关系，therefore符合语境。故选A项。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，六名科学家被安置在火山附近的白色小圆顶屋内，进行为期8个月的实验，其目的是收集关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息。A.cause原因；B.objective目的；C.result结果；D.challenge挑战。根据后文“tostudywhatlifeonMarswouldbelike”以及语境可知，此处指实验的目标。故选B项。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，六名科学家被安置在火山附近的白色小圆顶屋内，进行为期8个月的实验，其目的是保存关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息。A.send发送；B.store储存，收集；C.change改变；D.download下载。根据后文“howlengthyMarsmissionscouldpsychologicallyaffectastronauts”以及语境可知，实验是为了收集关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息，store符合语境。故选B项。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这六名科学家与外界隔绝，以研究火星上的生活会是什么样子。A.weather天气；B.water水源；C.life生活；D.volcanoes火山。根据后文“howisolationaffectsthesocialaspectsofexplorers”以及语境可知，这里指科学家在模拟火星生活。故选C项。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的任务是观察隔离会如何影响未来可能居住火星的探险者的社交状况。A.inhabit居住；B.pollute污染；C.picture想象；D.map绘制地图。根据前文“spacemissiontoMars”可知，这里指研究对象是未来将居住火星的探险者，inhabit符合语境。故选A项。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：火星环境恶劣，所以六人必须在没有许多生活奢享品的条件下生活，比如新鲜水果和无限供水。A.skill技能；B.fortunes财富；C.tools工具；D.luxuries奢享品。根据后文“freshfruitandunlimitedwater”以及常识可知，这些在太空中属于稀缺奢享品。故选D项。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：离开栖息地需要穿上与为火星宇航员设计的宇航服类似的厚重防护服，并在“气闸舱”内等候5分钟，以模拟气压下降的过程。A.protecting保护；B.locating定位；C.carrying携带；D.wearing穿着。根据后文“heavysuits”以及语境可知，这里指穿戴厚重防护服。故选D项。【30题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们每周只离开圆顶屋一次，去执行火星任务期间会进行的实地研究。A.keepaneyeon留意；B.carryout执行；C.breakoff中断；D.calloff取消。根据后文“fieldstudiesthatwouldhappenduringaMarsmission”以及语境可知，这里指开展地研究的任务，carryout符合语境。故选B项。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些洞穴是特别吸引人的目的地。A.shelters庇护所；B.rocks岩石；C.caves洞穴；D.domes圆顶屋。根据后文“hercrewexploredmorethan100caves”可知，这里指洞穴很吸引人，caves是原词复现。故选C项。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个特别洞穴里，她详细描述了探索指状岩层所带来的兴奋感。A.relief宽慰；B.excitement兴奋；C.fear恐惧；D.peace平静。根据前文“wereaparticularlyattractivedestination”可知，这里指探索她带来了兴奋。故选B项。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们更仔细地检查了岩石，并找到了一个适合从圆顶屋撤离的庇护所。A.decorated装饰；B.built建造；C.destroyed破坏；D.found找到。根据后文“asuitableshelterforapossibleevacuation”以及语境可知，这里指发现了适合从圆顶屋撤离的庇护所。故选D项。【34题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在火星上，这种熔岩管有望为宇航员提供庇护，躲避太阳风暴期间有害的太空辐射。A.harmful有害的；B.random随机的；C.mysterious神秘的；D.unexpected意外的。根据后文“spaceradiationduringasolarstorm”以及常识可知，辐射是有害的，harmful符合语境。故选A项。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项研究结果预计会对未来派遣宇航员执行火星任务的决策产生重大影响。A.limitations限制；B.pressure压力；C.influence影响；D.control控