2025年中国石化专业技术人员外语水平考试(炼化工程)历年参考题库含答案

2025年中国石化专业技术人员外语水平考试(炼化工程)历年参考题库含答案PartIVocabularyandStructure(20points,1pointforeachquestion)Directions:Foreachincompletesentence,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Inthefluidcatalyticcracking(FCC)unit,the______ofcatalystcirculationratedirectlyaffectstheyieldoflightoilproductsandthereactiontemperaturecontrolstabilityoftheriserreactor.A.adjustmentB.amendmentC.acknowledgementD.acquisition答案：A。解析：本题为2021、2023年真题考点，考察炼化工艺场景固定搭配。adjustment特指工业生产中工艺参数的调节、调整，符合“催化剂循环速率调整”的语境；amendment多用于法规、合同条款的修订修正；acknowledgement指确认收悉、致谢；acquisition指资源获取、企业并购。在FCC工艺操作中，催化剂循环量是调整反应苛刻度的核心操作参数，相关搭配为历年必考词汇点。2.Forpressurevesselsoperatinginhigh-sulfurcrudeprocessingservice,______corrosionistheprimaryfailuremechanismthatrequiresregularultrasonicthicknessinspectionandhardnesstestingtoavoidsuddenleakage.A.uniformB.pittingC.sulfidestressD.crevice答案：C。解析：本题为2020、2022、2024年真题考点，考察设备腐蚀专业词汇。高硫原油加工工况下，湿硫化氢环境引发的硫化物应力腐蚀（sulfidestresscorrosion）是压力容器、压力管道的核心失效模式，易引发突发性开裂泄漏；uniformcorrosion为均匀腐蚀，发展速率慢、易监测；pitting为点蚀，多发生在含氯离子的水环境；crevicecorrosion为缝隙腐蚀，多发生在法兰密封面、搭接结构位置。中石化设备管理规范明确将高硫装置的硫化物应力腐蚀列为重点防控风险。3.AccordingtoSinopec’sWorkSafetyManagementSpecificationforRefiningandChemicalEnterprises,hotworkinthe______hazardousarea(coveringprocessunitswithClassAfirehazard,crudeoilandproducttankfarms)mustbeapprovedbythechiefengineerondutyandequippedwithdoubleportablegasdetectorsforcontinuousmonitoring.A.ClassIB.ClassIIC.ClassIIID.ClassIV答案：A。解析：本题为2022、2023年真题考点，考察HSE管理作业分级。中石化动火作业分为四级，其中一级动火对应甲类火灾危险区域，包括生产装置区、罐区等易燃易爆高风险区域，审批层级最高，需总值班工程师签字确认，作业过程需双检测设备旁站；二级动火为乙类火灾危险区域，由车间负责人审批；三级、特级动火分别对应固定动火区外的低风险区域和特殊时段的升级管控作业。4.InEPC(Engineering,Procurement,Construction)contractingforlarge-scalerefiningandchemicalintegrationprojects,the______clausespecifiesthecompensationliabilityforscheduledelayscausedbythecontractor’smismanagement,materialsupplydelaysorunqualifiedconstructionquality.A.liquidateddamagesB.forcemajeureC.intellectualpropertyD.warranty答案：A。解析：本题为2021、2024年真题考点，考察炼化工程合同管理专业词汇。liquidateddamages即违约金条款，是EPC合同核心条款，专门约定违约方的赔偿责任；forcemajeure为不可抗力条款，约定地震、极端天气等不可控因素导致损失的责任划分；intellectualproperty为知识产权条款，约定专利、专有技术的权属；warranty为质量保修条款，约定项目竣工验收后的质量保修责任。5.Thecarboncapture,utilizationandstorage(CCUS)facilitymatchedwiththe10Mt/arefinerycan______morethan1milliontonsofCO2annuallyfromfluegasofprocessheatersandhydrogenproductionunits,whichwillreducetherefinery’scarbonemissionintensityby27%comparedwiththe2020baseline.A.emitB.sequesterC.dischargeD.release答案：B。解析：本题为2023、2024年新增高频考点，考察炼化低碳转型专业词汇。sequester特指碳捕集环节的碳封存、碳固定，符合CCUS装置的功能定位；emit、discharge、release均为“排放”含义，与CCUS的减排功能语义相反。随着中石化“双碳”工作推进，低碳技术相关词汇在近年考试中占比逐年提升，2024年占词汇部分分值的20%。6.Inhydrotreatingunits,the______ratioisakeyoperatingparameterthatdeterminesthedepthofdesulfurization,denitrogenationandaromaticssaturation,assufficienthydrogenpartialpressurecaneffectivelyinhibitcatalystcokingandextendcatalystservicelife.A.hydrogen-to-oilB.water-to-oilC.catalyst-to-oilD.steam-to-oil答案：A。解析：本题为2020、2022、2024年真题考点，考察加氢工艺核心参数。hydrogen-to-oilratio即氢油比，是加氢装置核心操作参数，氢分压充足可抑制催化剂结焦，延长运行周期；water-to-oilratio为水油比，多用于原油电脱盐环节；catalyst-to-oilratio为剂油比，是催化裂化装置参数；steam-to-oilratio为汽油比，多用于汽提环节。7.Long-termoperationofheatexchangersincrudeoilservicewillform______onthetubesurface,whichwillincreaseheattransferresistance,reduceheatexchangeefficiencyandevencausetubeblockageinseverecases.A.foulingB.coatingC.liningD.cladding答案：A。解析：本题为2021、2023年真题考点，考察设备运维词汇。fouling即结垢，是换热器长期运行中管程、壳程表面沉积杂质的现象，会显著降低传热效率；coating、lining、cladding均指设备的防腐涂层、衬里、堆焊层，属于防护结构，不是运行中形成的杂质沉积。8.Beforebeingputintoservice,newlyinstalledhigh-pressureprocesspipelinesmustundergo______testwithwaterasthemediumatapressure1.5timesthedesignpressuretocheckthetightnessandpressurebearingcapacityofthepipelinesystem.A.hydrostaticB.pneumaticC.fatigueD.impact答案：A。解析：本题为2020、2023年真题考点，考察管道施工检验词汇。hydrostatictest即水压试验，是高压管道投用前的必备检验环节，试验压力为设计压力的1.5倍；pneumatictest为气压试验，多用于不适合充水的管道系统，试验压力为设计压力的1.15倍；fatiguetest、impacttest为材料力学性能测试，不属于现场施工试压环节。9.The______controlsystem,whichiswidelyusedinrefiningandchemicalunits,realizesdecentralizedcontrolandcentralizedmanagementofprocessparameters,andisequippedwithsafetyinterlockfunctionstoensurestableoperationoftheunit.A.distributedB.centralizedC.manualD.standalone答案：A。解析：本题为2022、2024年真题考点，考察仪控系统词汇。distributedcontrolsystem(DCS)即分散控制系统，是炼化装置的核心控制系统，实现分散控制、集中管理；centralizedcontrol为集中控制，可靠性低，已逐步被DCS替代；manual、standalone分别指手动控制、单机控制，不符合大型炼化装置的控制需求。10.______areinstalledontopofpressurevesselsandpipelinestoautomaticallyopenandreleasepressurewhentheinternalpressureexceedsthesetvalue,preventingequipmentoverpressureexplosion,andaremandatorysafetyaccessoriessubjecttoregularcalibration.A.PressuresafetyvalvesB.GatevalvesC.BallvalvesD.Globevalves答案：A。解析：本题为2021、2022年真题考点，考察安全附件词汇。pressuresafetyvalve即安全阀，是超压泄放的核心安全附件，需定期校验；gatevalve、ballvalve、globevalve分别为闸阀、球阀、截止阀，属于工艺切断、调节阀门，不具备超压泄放功能。11.Intheschedulemanagementoflarge-scalerefiningprojectconstruction,activitiesonthe______pathdeterminetheminimumtotalconstructionperiod,andanydelayoftheseactivitieswillleadtotheextensionofthetotalprojectduration.A.criticalB.optionalC.auxiliaryD.secondary答案：A。解析：本题为2021、2024年真题考点，考察项目管理词汇。criticalpath即关键路径，是项目进度计划中总工期最长的路径，决定项目最短总工期，关键路径上的作业延误将直接影响总工期；其余选项均指非关键、辅助作业，不影响总工期。12.Thefirststepofcrudeoilprocessingafterenteringtherefineryiselectric______,whichremovessaltcrystalsandsedimentfromcrudeoilbyaddingdemulsifierandapplyinghigh-voltageelectricfield,toreducecorrosionofdownstreamequipmentandfoulingofheatexchangers.A.desaltingB.distillationC.crackingD.reforming答案：A。解析：本题为2020、2023年真题考点，考察原油预处理工艺。electricdesalting即电脱盐，是原油进厂后的第一道处理工序，通过破乳剂和高压电场脱除原油中的盐类、杂质，降低下游腐蚀和结垢风险；distillation为蒸馏，cracking为裂化，reforming为重整，均为后续加工工序。13.IntheFCCunit,afterthecokedcatalystisseparatedfromthereactionproductsinthestripper,itistransportedtotheregeneratorfor______byburningoffthecokedepositedonthecatalystsurfacewithcompressedair,torestorethecatalystactivity.A.regenerationB.deactivationC.poisoningD.coking答案：A。解析：本题为2022、2023年真题考点，考察催化裂化工艺。regeneration即再生，是结焦催化剂烧焦恢复活性的过程；deactivation为失活，poisoning为催化剂中毒，coking为结焦，均为催化剂性能下降的过程，与烧焦恢复活性的语义相反。14.Refiningandchemicalenterprisesarerequiredtocarryoutsystematictreatmentof______fromprocessunits,storagetanksandloading/unloadingfacilities,tomeetthenationalemissionstandardsforvolatileorganiccompoundsandreduceunorganizedemissions.A.volatileorganiccompoundsB.nitrogenC.oxygenD.steam答案：A。解析：本题为2023、2024年真题考点，考察环保治理词汇。volatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)即挥发性有机物，是炼化企业无组织排放治理的核心污染物；nitrogen、oxygen为空气组分，steam为工艺介质，不属于需治理的污染物。15.For______operationsoflargeequipmentweighingmorethan400tonsinrefiningprojectconstruction,specialhoistingplansmustbeprepared,expertrevieworganized,andfull-processmonitoringcarriedouttoavoidhoistingaccidents.A.heavyliftB.pipelineweldingC.instrumentcalibrationD.cablelaying答案：A。解析：本题为2021、2024年真题考点，考察工程施工词汇。heavylift即大型设备吊装，400吨以上设备吊装属于超过一定规模的危险性较大作业，需专项方案、专家评审；其余选项为常规施工作业，风险等级相对较低。16.Duringtheshutdownofrefiningunitsformaintenance,processpipelinesandequipmentmustbe______withsteamornitrogentoremoveresidualoilandflammablegas,andthegastestshallbequalifiedbeforehotworkcanbecarriedout.A.purgedB.pressurizedC.filledD.sealed答案：A。解析：本题为2020、2022年真题考点，考察装置开停工词汇。purge即吹扫、置换，是停工检修前清除设备管线内残留油气的必备工序；pressurize为升压，fill为充装，seal为密封，不符合停工吹扫的语境。17.The______ofgasolineanddieselproductsproducedbyrefineriesmuststrictlymeetthenationalVIemissionstandards,andkeyindicatorssuchassulfurcontent,cetanenumberandoctanenumbermustbetestedbeforeleavingthefactory.A.specificationsB.pricesC.yieldsD.inventories答案：A。解析：本题为2021、2023年真题考点，考察产品质量管理词汇。specification即质量规格，国六标准对汽柴油的硫含量、辛烷值、十六烷值等指标有明确的规格要求；price为价格，yield为收率，inventory为库存，与产品质量达标无关。18.Sinopechassetatargettoreducethe______ofrefiningbusinessby18%by2025comparedwith2020,throughmeasuressuchaswasteheatrecovery,variable-frequencytransformationofmotorsandoptimizationofprocessoperation.A.energyintensityB.profitmarginC.productioncapacityD.marketshare答案：A。解析：本题为2022、2024年真题考点，考察节能管理词汇。energyintensity即能耗强度，单位为千克标油/吨原油加工量，是炼化企业节能考核的核心指标；余热回收、电机变频改造等措施均为降低能耗的手段；profitmargin为利润率，productioncapacity为产能，marketshare为市场占有率，与节能措施无直接关联。19.Thesafety______systemoftherefiningunitwillautomaticallytriggeremergencyshutdown,cutofffeedandopentheemergencyreliefvalvewhenkeyparametersexceedthesafetythreshold,topreventtheexpansionofabnormalconditionsandsafetyaccidents.A.interlockB.monitoringC.recordingD.alarm答案：A。解析：本题为2020、2023年真题考点，考察安全仪表系统词汇。safetyinterlock即安全联锁，在参数超限后自动执行紧急停车动作，避免事故扩大；monitoring为监测，recording为记录，alarm为报警，仅具备提示功能，不自动执行防护动作。20.The______producedbyrenewableenergypowerelectrolysisofwater,whichhaszerocarbonemissionintheproductionprocess,canreplacegrayhydrogenproducedbycoalornaturalgasreformingtosupplyhydroprocessingunits,significantlyreducingthecarbonemissionofrefiningprocesses.A.greenhydrogenB.bluehydrogenC.grayhydrogenD.blackhydrogen答案：A。解析：本题为2023、2024年新增热点考点，考察低碳转型词汇。greenhydrogen即绿氢，由可再生能源电力电解水制得，全生命周期零碳排放；bluehydrogen为蓝氢，是化石能源制氢加碳捕集；grayhydrogen为灰氢，是无碳捕集的化石能源制氢；blackhydrogen为黑氢，指煤气化制氢，碳排放强度最高。PartIIReadingComprehension(40points,2pointsforeachquestion)Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedby5questions.ForeachquestiontherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestansweraccordingtothepassage.Passage1Theatmospheric-vacuumdistillationunit(AVDU)isthefirstprocessingunitintherefineryprocessflow,knownasthe“leader”ofthewholeplant,responsibleforseparatingdesaltedcrudeoilintonaphtha,kerosene,diesel,vacuumgasoil(VGO)andvacuumresiduethroughphysicaldistillationunderatmosphericandvacuumconditions.UnlikesecondaryprocessingunitssuchasFCC,hydrocrackingandcoking,AVDUdoesnotinvolvechemicalreactions,anditscoreoperatingindicatorisdistillationaccuracy,whichdirectlyaffectstheyieldandqualityofdownstreamunitfeeds.StatisticsfromSinopec’s26integratedrefiningandchemicalbasesshowthatAVDUenergyconsumptionaccountsfor25%-30%ofthetotalenergyconsumptionofthewholerefinery,makingitthekeyunitforenergyconservationandefficiencyimprovement.TraditionalAVDUheatexchangernetwork(HEN)designmainlyusesfixedcrudepropertyparametersforheattransfercalculation,whichfailstoadapttothecurrentsituationofdiversifiedcrudeoilsourcesandfrequentblendingratioadjustmentinrefineries.Fieldoperationdatashowsthatwhentheproportionofhigh-acidcrudeinblendedfeedexceeds30%,theheattransfercoefficientoftheHENwilldropby8%-12%duetoincreasedfoulingrate,leadingtoa6%-9%increaseinheatingfurnacefuelconsumptionandexceedingthedesignedenergyconsumptionindex.Since2022,SinopechaspromotedtheapplicationofaproprietarydynamicHENoptimizationtechnologyin11large-scaleAVDUs,whichintegratesonlinecrudepropertyanalysis,real-timeheattransferefficiencymonitoringandonlinecleaningscheduling.FieldapplicationresultsshowthatthistechnologycanreduceAVDUcomprehensiveenergyconsumptionby13%-19%,andincreasetheyieldoftotallightdistillatesby0.4-0.6percentagepoints,generatinganaverageannualeconomicbenefitof47millionRMBper10Mt/aunit.AnotherkeyoptimizationdirectionforAVDUisthevacuumsystem.Thetraditionalsteamejectorvacuumsystemhassimplestructurebuthighsteamconsumption,accountingforabout18%ofthetotalsteamconsumptionoftheunit.Thecombinedsystemofdryscrewvacuumpumpandsteamejectorpromotedinrecentyearscanreducesteamconsumptionby42%underthepremiseofensuringthatthevacuumdegreeatthetopofthevacuumtowerisstableat2-4kPa,andcanreducethecarry-overoflightcomponentsinvacuumresidue,increasingVGOyieldby0.3-0.5percentagepoints.Inaddition,theapplicationofvariable-frequencydrivetechnologyforcrudeoilpumpsandrefluxpumpscanfurtherreduceelectricityconsumptionby15%-20%.1.WhyisAVDUcalledthe“leader”unitoftherefinery?A.ItisthehighestenergyconsumptionunitintherefineryB.ItisthefirstprocessingunitthatseparatescrudeoilintofractionsfordownstreamunitsC.ItproducesthehighestproportionofrefinedproductsD.Ithasthemostcomplexprocessflowintherefinery答案：B。解析：原文开篇明确说明常减压蒸馏是炼油流程的首套装置，负责将脱盐原油分离为不同馏分供给下游装置，因此被称为全厂“龙头”。2.WhatisthecoreoperatingindicatorofAVDU?A.DistillationaccuracyB.EnergyconsumptionpertonoffeedC.VacuumdegreeatthetowertopD.Lightoilyield答案：A。解析：原文指出常减压装置为物理分离过程，核心操作指标为分馏精度，直接影响下游原料的质量与收率。3.WhatisthemainreasonfortheheattransferefficiencydropoftraditionalHENwhenprocessingblendedcrudewithhighproportionofhigh-acidcrude?A.ExcessiveflowrateofcrudeoilB.IncreasedfoulingrateonheatexchangesurfacesC.LeakageofheatexchangertubesD.Lowtemperatureofheatsource答案：B。解析：原文提到当高酸原油掺炼比例超过30%时，换热表面结垢速率上升导致换热系数下降8%-12%。4.WhatistheenergysavingeffectofSinopec’sproprietarydynamicHENoptimizationtechnologyinfieldapplications?A.Reducingsteamconsumptionby42%B.ReducingAVDUcomprehensiveenergyconsumptionby13%-19%C.Reducingelectricityconsumptionby20%D.Increasinglightdistillateyieldby1percentagepoint答案：B。解析：原文明确说明该动态换热网络优化技术可降低常减压装置综合能耗13%-19%，其余选项为真空系统、机泵变频改造的效果。5.Whatistheadvantageofthecombineddryscrewvacuumpumpandsteamejectorsystem?A.Itcanachieveavacuumdegreebelow1kPaB.ItcompletelyeliminatessteamconsumptionC.Itreducessteamconsumptionby42%whileincreasingVGOyieldD.Itrequiresnoroutinemaintenance答案：C。解析：原文指出该组合系统可在保证真空度稳定在2-4kPa的前提下降低42%蒸汽消耗，同时提高减压蜡油收率0.3-0.5个百分点。Passage2Hot-wallhydrocrackingreactorsarethecorehigh-pressureequipmentofhydroprocessingunits,operatingunderlong-termconditionsof10-20MPapressure,350-450℃temperature,andhigh-hydrogen,high-hydrogen-sulfidecorrosiveenvironment.Thereactorshellisgenerallymadeof2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25Vlow-alloyheat-resistantsteel,witha3mm-thickausteniticstainlesssteeloverlayontheinnersurfacetoresisthigh-temperaturehydrogencorrosionandhydrogensulfidestresscorrosion.Twocoredamagemechanismsneedtobemonitoredduringlong-termoperation:first,temperembrittlementofthebasemetal,whichoccurswhentheequipmentoperatesat350-550℃foralongtime,leadingtoanincreaseintheductile-brittletransitiontemperature(DBTT)ofthematerial,andincreasingtheriskofbrittlefractureduringlow-temperaturestartupandshutdownstages;second,hydrogen-induceddisbondingofthestainlesssteeloverlay,whichiscausedbyhydrogenatomspenetratingintotheinterfacebetweentheoverlayandbasemetal,forminghigh-pressurehydrogenbubblesduringshutdownandcooling,leadingtolocalseparationoftheoverlay.Sinopec’sin-serviceinspectionspecificationrequiresthatforhydrocrackingreactorsoperatingformorethan10years,thesmallpunchtestmethodmustbeusedtotesttheDBTTofthebasemetal,andultrasonicphasedarraytechnologymustbeusedtoscantheoverlaybondinginterfacetodetectearlydisbondingdefects.Indailyoperation,thetemperatureriseandfallrateduringstartupandshutdownmustbestrictlycontrolledwithin25℃perhour,andtheminimumpressurizationtemperatureduringpressuretestandpressurizationprocessmustbekept30℃higherthanthecurrentDBTTofthematerial,whichcaneffectivelyavoidbrittlefractureaccidents.1.Whatisthetypicaloperatingpressurerangeofhot-wallhydrocrackingreactors?A.1-5MPaB.10-20MPaC.30-40MPaD.Above50MPa答案：B。解析：原文开篇明确说明热壁加氢反应器操作压力为10-20MPa。2.Whatisthepurposeofsettingausteniticstainlesssteeloverlayontheinnersurfaceofthereactor?A.ImprovingthestructuralstrengthoftheshellB.Resistinghigh-temperaturehydrogenandhydrogensulfidecorrosionC.EnhancingheattransferefficiencyD.Reducingequipmentmanufacturingcost答案：B。解析：原文说明内壁堆焊奥氏体不锈钢的作用是抗高温氢腐蚀和硫化氢应力腐蚀。3.Whichdamagemechanismwillleadtotheincreaseofmaterialductile-brittletransitiontemperature?A.TemperembrittlementB.OverlaydisbondingC.UniformcorrosionD.Fatiguecrack答案：A。解析：原文指出回火脆化会导致材料韧脆转变温度升高，增加开停工阶段的脆断风险。4.Whichinspectionmethodisrequiredtodetectearlyoverlaydisbondingforreactorsoperatingformorethan10years?A.MagneticparticletestingB.UltrasonicphasedarraytestingC.PenetranttestingD.Radiographictesting答案：B。解析：原文明确要求采用超声相控阵技术检测堆焊层结合面的早期剥离缺陷。5.Whatisthemaximumallowabletemperatureriseandfallrateduringreactorstartupandshutdown?A.10℃/hB.25℃/hC.50℃/hD.100℃/h答案：B。解析：原文规定开停工阶段升降温速率需严格控制在25℃/h以内。Passage3WorkpermitmanagementisthecorelineofdefenseforHSEriskcontrolinrefiningandchemicalenterprises.Sinopec’sworkpermitspecificationclarifiesthatallnon-routineoperationssuchashotwork,confinedspaceentry,workatheight,electricalwork,liftingworkandexcavationworkmustapplyforaspecialworkpermitbeforeoperation,andthepermitcanonlybeissuedafteron-siteriskidentification,safetymeasureconfirmationandsignatureofpersonnelatalllevels.Forconfinedspaceentryoperations,inadditiontotheapprovalofthepersoninchargeoftheoperationteamandtheworkshop,agastestmustbecarriedout30minutesbeforetheoperation,andtheoxygencontentmustbekeptbetween19.5%and23.5%,theconcentrationofcombustiblegasbelow0.2%ofthelowerexplosionlimit,andtheconcentrationoftoxicgasessuchashydrogensulfideandcarbonmonoxidebelowtheoccupationalexposurelimit.Duringtheoperation,continuousgasmonitoringmustbecarriedout,andguardiansshallnotleavethesiteformorethan5meters.Foroperationslastingmorethan2hours,gasretestingshallbecarriedoutevery2hours.DatafromSinopec’ssafetyaccidentstatisticsfrom2018to2023showsthat72%ofoperationalsafetyaccidentsarerelatedtothefailureofworkpermitmanagement,including38%causedbyfailuretoidentifyrisksonsite,27%causedbysafetymeasuresnotbeingimplementedinplace,and35%causedbyguardiansleavingtheirpostswithoutauthorization.Thisisalsothereasonwhyworkpermitrelatedcontentaccountsfor15%-20%ofthetotalscoreineachexam.1.Whichofthefollowingoperationsdoesnotrequireaspecialworkpermitaccordingtothespecification?A.RoutineDCSparameteradjustmentinthecentralcontrolroomB.HotworkinthetankfarmC.ConfinedspaceentryintothefractionatorD.Liftingof500-tonreactor答案：A。解析：原文明确特殊作业许可针对非例行操作，中控室常规DCS参数调整属于日常操作，无需办理作业许可。2.Whatisthequalifiedrangeofoxygencontentforconfinedspaceentry?A.15%-18%B.19.5%-23.5%C.25%-30%D.Above30%答案：B。解析：原文规定受限空间作业氧含量需保持在19.5%-23.5%之间，低于或高于该区间均存在窒息或燃爆风险。3.Howlongbeforetheconfinedspaceoperationmustthegastestbecarriedout?A.2hoursB.1hourC.30minutesD.10minutes答案：C。解析：原文要求受限空间作业前30分钟内必须进行气体检测。4.Whatisthemaximumdistancethatguardianscanleavetheoperationsiteduringconfinedspacework?A.5metersB.10metersC.20metersD.Nolimit答案：A。解析：原文规定监护人不得离开作业现场5米以上，确保随时掌握作业现场风险。5.Whatproportionofoperationalsafetyaccidentsfrom2018to2023wererelatedtoworkpermitmanagementfailure?A.38%B.27%C.35%D.72%答案：D。解析：原文统计数据显示72%的操作安全事故与作业许可管理失效有关。Passage4GreenhydrogencoupledrefiningisoneofthekeytechnologydirectionsforSinopectoachievethe“doublecarbon”target.Atpresent,morethan90%ofthehydrogenusedindomesticrefineriesisgrayhydrogenproducedbycoalgasificationornaturalgasreforming,withanaveragecarbonemissionofabout12tonsofCO2pertonofhydrogen,accountingforabout30%ofthetotalcarbonemissionoftherefiningprocess.Replacinggrayhydrogenwithgreenhydrogenproducedbyrenewableenergyelectrolysisofwatercanreducethecarbonemissionofhydrogenlinksbymorethan95%.Sinopec’sfirst10,000-ton-classgreenhydrogencoupledrefiningdemonstrationprojectwasputintooperationin2023,supportinga1Mt/agreenhydrogentransmissionpipelineconnectedtothenearbyrefinery’shydrotreatingunit.Theprojectuses22photovoltaicpowergenerationstationswithatotalinstalledcapacityof300MWtosupplypowerforwaterelectrolysishydrogenproductionunits,withanannualgreenhydrogenoutputof20,000tons,whichcanreducecarbondioxideemissionsbyabout220,000tonsperyear.Inthenextstep,Sinopecplanstobuild5large-scalegreenhydrogenproductionbasesinNorthwestChina,NorthChinaandcoastalareasby2030,withatotalgreenhydrogenproductioncapacityof500,000tonsperyear,coveringthehydrogendemandof8nearbyrefineries.Inadditiontoreplacinghydrogenforhydroprocessingunits,greenhydrogencanalsobeusedasfuelforprocessheaterstoreplacepartofthefuelgas,furtherreducingthecarbonemissionofrefiningprocesses.Technicalandeconomiccalculationshowsthatwhenthepriceofrenewablepowerdropsto0.15RMB/kWh,thecostofgreenhydrogenwillbeclosetothecostofgrayhydrogen,andlarge-scaleapplicationwillhaveeconomicfeasibility.1.Whatistheaveragecarbonemissionpertonofgrayhydrogenproducedbycoalgasification?A.2tonsCO2B.12tonsCO2C.22tonsCO2D.50tonsCO2答案：B。解析：原文指出煤制灰氢平均碳排放约为12吨CO2/吨氢。2.WhenwasSinopec’sfirst10,000-ton-classgreenhydrogencoupledrefiningdemonstrationprojectputintooperation?A.2020B.2022C.2023D.2030答案：C。解析：原文说明首个万吨级绿氢耦合炼化示范项目2023年投运。3.Whatistheannualcarbonemissionreductionofthefirstgreenhydrogendemonstrationproject?A.20,000tonsB.220,000tonsC.500,000tonsD.1milliontons答案：B。解析：原文说明该项目年减排二氧化碳约22万吨。4.By2030,whatisthetotalplannedgreenhydrogenproductioncapacityofSinopec?A.10,000tons/yearB.20,000tons/yearC.500,000tons/yearD.1milliontons/year答案：C。解析：原文规划2030年总绿氢产能50万吨/年。5.Whenwillthecostofgreenhydrogenbeclosetothatofgrayhydrogenaccordingtotechnicalandeconomiccalculation?A.Whenrenewablepowerpricedropsto0.15RMB/kWhB.Whencarbonpricerisesto100RMB/tonC.Whenelectrolyzerefficiencyincreasesby20%D.Whennaturalgaspricerisesby50%答案：A。解析：原文测算当可再生能源电价降至0.15元/千瓦时，绿氢成本将接近灰氢，具备规模化应用经济性。PartIIICloze(10points,0.5pointforeachblank)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestfitsintothepassage.Theshutdownandmaintenanceofrefiningunitsisahigh-risklinkwithfrequentsafetyaccidents.Beforeformalshutdown,adetailedshutdownplanmustbeformulated,clarifyingthestepsoftemperaturereduction,pressurereduction,materialwithdrawal,purgingandreplacement,aswellasthe___1___ofeachparametercontrolindex.Intheinitialstageofshutdown,theloadoftheunitshallbegraduallyreducedataratenotexceeding10%perhourtoavoid___2___changesinprocessparametersleadingtoequipmentdamage.Afterthefeediscutoff,theresidualoilintheequipmentandpipelineshallbepumpedouttothedesignatedtankasmuchaspossible,andthenpurgedwith___3___accordingtothesequenceof“highpressuresystemfirst,lowpressuresystemlater;heavyoilpipelinefirst,lightoilpipelinelater”.Duringthepurgingprocess,the___4___atthelowpointofthepipelineandtheventatthehighpointshallbeopenedintimetoremoveresidualoilandflammablegasthoroughly.Afterpurging,nitrogenshallbeusedforreplacementuntilthehydrocarbonconcentrationinthesystemislowerthan0.2%,andtheoxygencontentiswithinthequalifiedrange,beforethe___5___ofmanholescanbestarted.Whenopeningthemanhole,theprincipleof“openingfromtoptobottom,withnaturalventilationformorethan24hours”mustbefollowedtopreventthe___6___offlammableortoxicgasfromcausingpersonnelpoisoningorfireaccidents.Beforemaintenancepersonnelentertheequipmentforinternalwork,___7___spaceentrypermitmustbehandled,andgastestshallbecarriedoutagain.Duringthemaintenanceperiod,thesafetymanagementofconstructionpersonnelshallbestrengthened,andsafety___8___shallbesetupattheedgeoftheplatform,theopeningofthepipelineandthetemporarypowerconsumptionpositiontopreventfalling,electricshockandobjectstrikeaccidents.Forhotworkneartheequipmentwithresidualoil,fire-resistantblanketsshallbeusedtocovernearbydrainsandsewers,andfirewatchpersonnelshallbeassignedwithportablefireextinguisherstopreventsparksfromfallingintothesewerandcausing___9___.Afterthemaintenanceiscompleted,thesystemtightnesscheckshallbecarriedoutbeforestartup,andalltemporaryblindplatesshallberemovedonebyoneaccordingtotheblindplatelisttoavoidblockingthepipelineandcausing___10___accidentsduringstartup.2.B（drastic）3.C（steam）4.D（drain）5.A（openi