河北唐山市2026届普通高等学校招生统一考试第二次模拟演练英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河北唐山市2026届普通高等学校招生统一考试第二次模拟演练英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。1.Howmuchdoesthewomanneedtopayintotal?A.$12. B.$14. C.$19.【答案】C【原文】W:Hi,I’dliketobuythreeticketstotheVanGoghexhibit.Twoadulttickets,onestudentticket.M:Theadultticketsare7dollarseach.Thestudentticketis5dollars.W:Great,hereyougo!2.Whatarethespeakerslikelytodothisweekend?A.Gohiking. B.Trycooking. C.Visitthebeach.【答案】B【原文】W:Ihopedtohikethisweekend,butit’sbeenrainingallweek.M:Yeah,Iplannedtorelaxonthebeach,butitmightbecanceledtoo.Lookslikewe’llhavetostayhome.Let’strysomenewrecipes!W:Soundsfun.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.WhethertohireElla. B.Howtotrainnewstaff. C.Whattorequireforajob.【答案】A【原文】M:Ellaseemsenergeticandambitious.W:Butwereallyneedsomeoneflexibleforthejob.M:Whynotgiveheratry,andseehowshewillperform?4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Managerandassistant.【答案】B【原文】W:I’venoticedasharpdropinyourgrades.Iseverythingokayathome?M:Everything’sfineathome.I’vestartedapart-timejobrecently,butI’lltrytomanagemytimebetter.W:Ibelieveyoucanturnthingsaround.Youhavegreatpotential.5.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atahospital. B.Inaclassroom. C.Onaplayground.【答案】C【原文】W:Comeoverandhavearest.Youlooktired.M:Thanks.Mylegsarestillsorefromyesterday’straining.W:Maybeyoushouldtakeabreak.Coachsaidwedon’thavetopushtoohardtoday.M:I’llrunthelastlapanyway.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）请听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。6.Whatistheman’sopinionaboutChinesecalligraphy?A.It’saformofrelaxation. B.It’shardtounderstand. C.It’salivingculture.7.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Giveacall. B.Seeherfriend. C.Visitanexhibition.【答案】6.C7.A【原文】W:HaveyouseenpeoplepracticingcalligraphyinparkssincewearrivedinBeijing?M:Yes.Theypayalotofattentiontoeverylinetheydraw.W:Absolutely.M:Whiletheypractise,youcanreallysensethehistoryandtheeffortbehindeachmovement.It’simpressive.W:MyfriendTonymentionedthereisacalligraphyexhibitionnearby.M:Whydon’tyouaskhimaboutwhenitstarts?W:Goodidea.I’llcontacthimrightnow.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatdoesthemanthinkheshouldlearnmost?A.Tellingajoke. B.Listeningcarefully. C.Communicatingmore.9.Whatdoesthewomansuggestweshoulddoaboutdifficultconversations?A.Bethoughtful. B.Arguestrongly. C.Gettothepoint.10.Howdoesthewomanfeelabouthercommunicationwithfamily?A.Confident. B.Nervous. C.Regretful.【答案】8.B9.A10.C【原文】W:Doyouknowwhywehavetwoearsbutonlyonemouth?M:Soundslikeajoke.What’stheanswer?W:Wearesupposedtolistentwiceasmuchaswespeak!It’sajoke,butitactuallyshowsanimportantcommunicationskill:listeningcarefully.M:That’strue.Ineedtolearnthatmostofall.W:Andhere’sanotherskill:beingkindwhenyouspeak.Whenconversationsgetdifficult,peopleoftenrespondwithangerorargue.Instead,weshouldspeakpolitelyandconsiderothers’perspectives.M:Youdothatreallywell.YoualwaysrespectwhatI’msaying,evenifyoudon’tagree.W:Thanks!Ifeelthesameaboutyou.ButIknowIdon’talwayscommunicatewellwithmyfamily.SometimesIlackpatienceandmakethemfeelembarrassed.M:Communicatingwithfamilycanbetough.Butthekeyistokeeptryingandimproving.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。11.WhatdoesthemanthinkofRose’sperformance?A.Simple. B.Natural. C.Formal.12.HowdidRoseprepareherrole?A.Byexperiencinglife.B.Byreadingthestorycarefully.C.Bytrainingemotionalexpression.13.Whatdidthemandoforthefestival?A.Hetaughtstageacting. B.Hechangedthesets. C.Hehelpedwiththelighting.14.Whatisthemostimportantforaperformanceaccordingtotheman?A.Jointeffort. B.Greatacting. C.Soundeffect.【答案】11.B12.A13.C14.A【原文】W:Didyougototheschooltheatrefestivallastnight?M:Yes,Idid.Ididn’texpectittobethatgood,tobehonest.W:Samehere.Thefinalplayreallystoodout.Thestorywassimple,buttheactingmadeitpowerful.M:EspeciallyRose,whoplayedthemother.Herperformanceisquitetruetolife.W:Right.Iheardshespenttimevolunteeringatahospitaltopreparefortherole.M:Thatmakessense.Itexplainswhyheremotionsseemedsogenuine.W:Bytheway,wereyouinvolvedinthefestival?M:Notonstage.Ihelpedwiththelighting.Itwasstressful,butalsofun.W:I’vealwayswonderedhowimportantlightingis.M:Moreimportantthanpeoplethink.Asmallchangeinlightcancompletelychangethemoodofascene.W:That’sinteresting.Iusedtothinkactingwaseverything.M:Actingmatters,ofcourse,butit’sreallyateameffort.Withoutsoundandlighting,evengreatactorscanlosetheirimpact.W:Iseeyourpoint.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。15.WhatmistakedidMarymake?A.Sheignoredgrammar. B.Shegotthewordwrong. C.Shehadbadpronunciation.16.HowdidtheairportworkerrespondtoMary?A.Angrily. B.Humorously. C.Embarrassingly.17.Whatdoweknowfromtheman’sChineselearning?A.Tonesareimportant.B.Makingmistakesiscostly.C.Real-lifelearningisthebest.【答案】15.B16.B17.A【原文】W:IwasjusttalkingtoMary,who’slearningEnglish.Shefeltreallyembarrassedaboutamistakeshemadeyesterday.M:Whathappened?W:Shewastryingtogetoutoftheairport,sosheaskedaworker“WheredoIexist?”Theworkerstaredatherandthensaid,“planetEarth.”M:Ah,shemeanttosay,“WheredoIexit?”It’sanunderstandablemistake.Andprettyfunny,too.Ihopesheisn’tdiscouraged.W:That’swhatItoldher.Ithinkshe’slearningtolaughatherselfaswell.Everyonemakesmistakes.M:WhenIstartedlearningChinese,ItriedtotellsomeonethatIwanteddumplings.ButwhatIreallysaidwas,“Iwanttosleep.”That’showIlearnedthattonesmatter!W:Makingmistakesisanecessarypartoflanguagelearning.M:Yes.Youhavetosayandhearanewwordmanytimes.Anencouragingfriend,andasenseofhumorreallyhelp!听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.Whyisthecafecalled“silentcafe”?A.Becauseofthestaff. B.Becauseoftheplatform. C.Becauseofthelocation.19.WhatmadeWangXianquitherjob?A.Herloveforcoffeemaking.B.Herconcernforherrelatives.C.Hersearchforbetterchances.20.HowdoesWangXianseeWangJiali’spresentjob?A.Timeconsuming. B.Moneymaking. C.Lifechanging.【答案】18.A19.B20.C【原文】InsideagovernmentservicehallinHuai’an,Jiangsuprovince,thereisa“silentcafe”,wherethestaffcommunicatethroughwarmsmilesandsignlanguage.There,thedeafstaffmakecoffeeandcustomersplaceordersthroughtheshop’sonlineplatform.ThewomanbehindthecafeisWangXian.Shequitherjobafterseeingherauntanduncle,bothofwhomaredeaf,struggling—theyneverhadformaljobsandsoldtofuonthestreets.WangXianwantedtocreatebetteropportunitiesforthedisabled.WangJialiworksatthecafe.Withnopriorexperience,shehadtoworkhardtohandlethefullmenu.Theworkcomeswithunseenchallengesandoccasionalmisunderstandingsfromsomecustomers.However,comparedwithherpreviousjobs,theconstantinteractionhasbecomehergreatestsourceofgrowth.“Ithashelpedherbuildcourageandimprovedhercommunicationskills,makingheradifferentperson,”WangXiansaid.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AMilkisacommonfoodacrossmanycountriesintheworld.Butdairycancontributealottothegreenhousegasemissionsofourfood.IntypicalEUdiets,itaccountsforjustoverone-quarterofthecarbonfootprint,sometimesasmuchasone-third.Growingawarenessofthismeansmanyarelookingtoplant-basedalternatives.IntheUK,surveyssuggestone-quarterofadultsnowdrinksomenon-dairymilks.It’sevenmorepopularinyoungergenerationwithone-thirdof16to23-year-oldschoosingthem.Thereisnowarangeof“plant-based”milkalternativesavailable,includingsoy,oat,almondandrice.Thisraisestwocommonquestions:areplant-basedmilksreallybetterfortheenvironment,andwhichisbest?Inthetableherewecomparemilksacrossanumberofenvironmentalindicators:landuse,greenhousegasemissions,wateruse,andeutrophication—thepollutionofecosystemswithtoomanynutrients.Thesearecomparedperliter(升)ofmilk.ProductLandusem2perkg,2013GreenhousegasemissionsKgCO2eq(当量)perliter,2013Freshwateruselitersperliter,2013EutrophicationgPO4eqperliter,2013Almondmilk0.50m20.70kg371.46L1.50g

Dairymilk8.95m23.15kg628.20L10.65gOatmilk0.76m20.90kg48.24L1.62gRicemilk0.34m21.18kg269.81L4.69gSoymilk0.66m20.98kg27.80L1.06gWhichoftheplant-basedmilksisbest?Itreallydependsontheimpactwecaremostabout.Thereisnoclearwinneronallindicators.However,fromanutritionalperspective,thereplacementofdairywithplant-basedmilksisunlikelytobeaconcernforthosewithadiversediet.Itispossibletomeettheserequirementsfromotherfoods.However,forcertaingroups,especiallythoseonlowerincomeswithpoordietarydiversity,thismightbeaninappropriateswitch.21.Whyaremanypeopleconsideringplant-basedmilkaccordingtothetext?A.Dairyisrathertoocommon. B.Itischeaperthandairy.C.Dairyhasmoreenvironmentalimpact. D.Ittastesbetterthandairy.22.Whichproductinthetableusestheleastwater?A.Oatmilk. B.Soymilk. C.Ricemilk. D.Almondmilk.23.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Adiversedietshouldincludedairy. B.Low-incomepeopleshouldavoidmilk.C.Milkqualitystandardsshouldbestricter. D.Peopleshouldchoosedifferentmilkfornutrition.【答案】21.C22.B23.D【语篇解读】主要说明了乳制品碳足迹高促使人们转向植物奶。多种植物奶在土地、用水等环保指标各有优劣，无全能最优款，人们需结合自身饮食状况和营养需求合理选择。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Milkisacommonfoodacrossmanycountriesintheworld.Butdairycancontributealottothegreenhousegasemissionsofourfood.IntypicalEUdiets,itaccountsforjustoverone-quarterofthecarbonfootprint,sometimesasmuchasone-third.(牛奶是世界上许多国家都常见的食物。但乳制品在我们的食物所产生的温室气体排放中占据了很大比例。在典型的欧盟饮食中，其碳足迹占比超过四分之一，有时甚至高达三分之一。)”以及第二段“Growingawarenessofthismeansmanyarelookingtoplant-basedalternatives.(人们对这一情况的日益重视意味着许多人正在寻求植物性替代品。)”可知，很多人在考虑植物奶是因为乳制品对环境的影响更大。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据对比表格中“淡水使用”一列的数据：杏仁奶371.46L、燕麦奶48.24L、米奶269.81L、豆奶27.80L，豆奶用水量最少，可知，豆奶用水量最少。【23题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whichoftheplant-basedmilksisbest?Itreallydependsontheimpactwecaremostabout.Thereisnoclearwinneronallindicators.However,fromanutritionalperspective,thereplacementofdairywithplant-basedmilksisunlikelytobeaconcernforthosewithadiversediet.Itispossibletomeettheserequirementsfromotherfoods.However,forcertaingroups,especiallythoseonlowerincomeswithpoordietarydiversity,thismightbeaninappropriateswitch.(哪种植物性牛奶最好呢？这实际上取决于我们最关心的影响因素。在所有指标上都没有明确的优胜者。不过，从营养角度来看，用植物性牛奶替代乳制品不太会成为那些饮食多样化人群的担忧事项。通过其他食物也能满足这些需求。然而，对于某些群体，尤其是那些收入较低且饮食多样性差的人群来说，这种转变可能并不合适。)”可知，人们应根据营养需求选择不同的奶。BFionaReillyisasenioremergencyphysician.Herfirstanswertowhatthekeytogoodhealthcareismightbealittleunexpected.DrReillysaysdoctorsoftendon’tallowpatientstosharetheirstories,whichcouldincludethefeelings,concernsandexperiencestheybringintoamedicalconsultationthatimpacttheirmedicalinteractions.Shepointstoa2019USstudythatlookedintothetimeittakesbeforeadoctorinterruptsapatientforthefirsttime.“It’sratherbad.It’s11seconds,”shesays.“Butwhenpatientsaregiventhatspace,theirexperienceisvastlydifferent-andsoisthefeelingtheywalkawaywith.”DrReillyrecallsmeetingafamilyatheremergencydepartmentseveralyearsago.Theirthree-year-olddaughterhadafeveranddoctorstreatingherbelieveditwaslikelyacommonillness.Butthefamilyremainedhighlyanxiousaboutthechild’sillness.Itledthedoctorstodoanumberofextratests,whichincreasedthecomplexityandcostforthepatientandtothesystem.Thetestsreturnedasnormal,butthefamily’sconcernwasstillthere.Therefore,DrReillywasbroughtintogiveasecondopinion.Thefirstthingshedidwasspeakwiththechild’smother.Themotherexplainedthatyearsearlier,shesensedsomethingwasnotrightwithherpregnancyandsoughtmedicalcare.Atthehospital,she’dbeenreassuredthateverythingwasokayafteranumberoftests.But,sadly,shelostthebabyintheend.“Asthemothertoldherstory,Iunderstoodwhyshewassoworriedaboutthischildtoday,”DrReillysays.“Thestorytellerhaspower.Themorepatientsfeellistenedto,themorelikelytheyaretohavecloserandmoreproductiverelationshipswiththeirmedicalproviders.”Themother’sstoryisnotuncommon.“Agooddoctorneedsscientificknowledgeandtechnicalskill,”shesays.“Buttheyalsoneedinsightandtheabilitytolistenandinterpretastory.Andtheyneedamoralframeworkinwhichtosituatethatsothattheycanmakeadeepandimportantandtrustingconnectionwiththeirpatients.”24.Whatcanbeinferredfromthe2019USstudy?A.Doctorscutpatientsoffquickly.B.Patientsannoyeddoctorseasily.C.Patientshatedtalkingtodoctors.D.Doctorstalkedtopatientsanxiously.25.Whydidthefamilyremainhighlyanxious?A.Thedoctorsgavewrongtests.B.Theyhadaterribleexperience.C.Thedaughterhadaseriousillness.D.Thetreatmentcostwasratherhigh.26.WhatdoesDrReillymeanwhenshesays“thestorytellerhaspower”?A.Patientscanaskdoctorsformoretests.B.Patientscantelltheirstoriestothedoctors.C.Patientscantreatdoctorsintheirownway.D.Patientscaninfluencedoctors’understanding.27.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thevalueofgooddoctors.B.Theroleoftechnicalskills.C.Thewayofgainingpatients’trust.D.Thestandardofdoctors’moralbehavior.【答案】24.A25.B26.D27.A【语篇解读】主要通过急诊医生菲奥娜·赖利的视角，讲述医生倾听患者故事的重要性，以一个家庭因孩子发烧就医的案例，说明患者的经历和感受对医疗互动有重要影响，强调好医生应具备倾听患者故事的能力。【24题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Shepointstoa2019USstudythatlookedintothetimeittakesbeforeadoctorinterruptsapatientforthefirsttime.“It’sratherbad.It’s11seconds,”shesays.(她提到2019年美国的一项研究，该研究调查了医生首次打断患者说话之前所花的时间。“情况相当糟糕。只有11秒，”她说)”可知，从2019年美国的这项研究可以推断出医生很快就打断患者说话。【25题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Themotherexplainedthatyearsearlier,shesensedsomethingwasnotrightwithherpregnancyandsoughtmedicalcare.Atthehospital,she’dbeenreassuredthateverythingwasokayafteranumberoftests.But,sadly,shelostthebabyintheend.(这位母亲解释说，几年前，她感觉自己的孕期有些不对劲，于是去就医。在医院，经过一系列检查后，医生让她放心，说一切都正常。但遗憾的是，她最终还是失去了孩子)”可知，这个家庭之前有过糟糕的经历，所以对这次孩子发烧高度焦虑。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Asthemothertoldherstory,Iunderstoodwhyshewassoworriedaboutthischildtoday，DrReillysays.“Thestorytellerhaspower.Themorepatientsfeellistenedto,themorelikelytheyaretohavecloserandmoreproductiverelationshipswiththeirmedicalproviders.(雷利医生说：“那位母亲讲述自己的经历时，我终于明白了她今天为何如此为孩子忧心。倾诉者拥有治愈的力量。患者越是感觉自己被认真倾听，就越有可能与医护人员建立更亲近、更融洽高效的医患关系。”）可知，当雷利医生说“讲故事的人有力量”时，意思是患者讲述自己的故事会影响医生的理解。【27题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Themother’sstoryisnotuncommon.“Agooddoctorneedsscientificknowledgeandtechnicalskill,”shesays.“Buttheyalsoneedinsightandtheabilitytolistenandinterpretastory.Andtheyneedamoralframeworkinwhichtosituatethatsothattheycanmakeadeepandimportantandtrustingconnectionwiththeirpatients.”.(这位母亲的经历并非个例。她说：“一名优秀的医生既需要专业的科学知识与诊疗技术，也需要洞察力，以及倾听、解读患者心声的能力。同时，医生还需要一套道德准则，以此来审视和理解患者的经历，从而与患者建立深刻、真挚且互信的医患关系。”)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是好医生应具备的能力，也就是好医生的价值。CAsafemalewriter,IwasconflictedaboutAI,butasthenoisegrewlouderabouthowusefulitcouldbe,Istartedtohearitcouldfreetimeandenergy,takingoversimpletasksandallowingustofocusonwhatmatters.Oneday,Igavein.Atfirst,Iusedittocheckspellingandgrammar.ThenIbeganfact-checking.Ievenstartedsecond-guessingmyownauthority.Finallyithitme:IhadbeenrelyingonAIalmostcompletely.IhadfallenforthehurtfulbeliefthatnothingmyownbraincouldcreatewouldeverbeasgoodaswhatAIsaid.Timetopresstheresetbutton?IdothinkAIhasitsuses.Itcanhelppeopleunderstandcomplicatedthingsoranyscarycommunication.Butcouldthegreatersocietalreliancebeaddingtothegeneralnoiseinourheads,graduallyunderminingourtrustinourselves?EducationalpsychologistDrJuliaAlfanosays,“Withoutinformationbeingputtoactive,conscious,criticalcheck,wearenotopentorevaluationoftheinformationwearepresentedwith.Westopbeingcurious…wearenolongerengagedinanactiveprocess.Asaresult,theinformationitselftakesonanindividualrealityortruth,andwehavelostouragencyoverit.”Quickanswersandshortcutsmayfeelefficient,buttheyweakenreflectionandcriticalthinking.Keepingasenseofourhumanselffeelslikeanimportantlessonhere,becauseifwestarttobelievethatourminds,thoughtsandopinionshavenovalue,thensoonweshallbeprovedright.IamterrifiedbythethoughtthatevenWHENtheperfectjobcomesup,alotofusnowwon’tapplyforit…becausewhatisthepointanymore,whocancompetewitharobotorperfection?Inmymind,allofuscan,becausebeingimperfectiswhatmakesushuman.Ididn’tneedAItofindthisreassurance-WinniethePoohoncesaid,“What’swrongwithknowingwhatyouknownowandnotknowingwhatyoudon’tknowuntillater?”Pigletadded,“Thethingsthatmakemedifferentarethethingsthatmakeme,me.”28.Whatdoesparagraph1mainlytellusabouttheauthor?A.Shetriedtoperfectherwriting.B.Sheremainedcreativeallthetime.C.Shebegantodoubtherjudgement.D.ShetrustedAItoimproveherwork.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“undermining”inparagraph2mean?A.Weakening. B.Assessing.C.Gaining. D.Expressing.30.WhatdoesDrJuliaAlfanostress?A.Theimportanceofreflection.B.Thecostofbeingefficient.C.Thetrendofmoderninformation.D.Theeffectofactivethinking.31.WhatcanwelearnaccordingtoWinniethePoohandPiglet?A.AIhelpsusknowmore.B.AImakeswhatwewillbe.C.Wecannotcompetewitharobot.D.Weshouldfaceourimperfection.【答案】28.C29.A30.A31.D【语篇解读】主要讲述身为女性作家的作者，从对AI存在矛盾态度到逐渐依赖，之后开始反思AI对自我判断及社会思考方式的影响，强调人类应保持自我，正视自身不完美，警惕过度依赖AI带来的问题。【28题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Asafemalewriter,IwasconflictedaboutAI,butasthenoisegrewlouderabouthowusefulitcouldbe,Istartedtohearitcouldfreetimeandenergy,takingoversimpletasksandallowingustofocusonwhatmatters.Oneday,Igavein.Atfirst,Iusedittocheckspellingandgrammar.ThenIbeganfact-checking.Ievenstartedsecond-guessingmyownauthority.Finallyithitme:IhadbeenrelyingonAIalmostcompletely.IhadfallenforthehurtfulbeliefthatnothingmyownbraincouldcreatewouldeverbeasgoodaswhatAIsaid.(作为一名女性作家，我原本对人工智能心存抵触。但随着越来越多人宣扬它的实用价值，我渐渐听说它能节省时间和精力，接手琐碎简单的工作，让我们专注于真正重要的事。终于有一天，我妥协了。起初，我只用它检查拼写和语法，后来又用它核实资料真伪。我甚至开始怀疑自己的专业判断力。直到有一刻我猛然醒悟：我几乎已经完全依赖人工智能了。我竟陷入了一种伤人的执念——总觉得自己大脑构思创作的东西，永远比不上人工智能给出的答案。)”可知，作者从对AI的纠结到几乎完全依赖，甚至怀疑自己大脑创造的东西不如AI，即开始怀疑自己的判断。【29题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Butcouldthegreatersocietalreliancebeaddingtothegeneralnoiseinourheads,graduallyunderminingourtrustinourselves?(但是，社会对人工智能的更大依赖是否会增加我们头脑中的普遍干扰，逐渐undermining我们对自己的信任呢？)”，结合前文提到作者因依赖AI而怀疑自己，可推测这里是说社会对AI的依赖会逐渐削弱我们对自己的信任，“undermining”与“Weakening（削弱）”意思最为接近。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“EducationalpsychologistDrJuliaAlfanosays,‘Withoutinformationbeingputtoactive,conscious,criticalcheck,wearenotopentorevaluationoftheinformationwearepresentedwith.Westopbeingcurious…wearenolongerengagedinanactiveprocess.Asaresult,theinformationitselftakesonanindividualrealityortruth,andwehavelostouragencyoverit.’”(教育心理学家朱莉娅·阿尔法诺博士说：“如果不对信息进行积极、有意识、批判性的检查，我们就无法对所接触到的信息进行重新评估。我们不再好奇……我们不再参与积极的思考过程。结果，信息本身就具有了一种个体的真实性或正确性，而我们已经失去了对它的掌控。”)”可知，DrJuliaAlfano强调如果不积极检查信息，就会失去对信息的重新评估能力，不再思考，进而失去对信息的掌控，所以她强调的是反思的重要性。【31题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“WinniethePoohoncesaid,“What’swrongwithknowingwhatyouknownowandnotknowingwhatyoudon’tknowuntillater?”Pigletadded,“Thethingsthatmakemedifferentarethethingsthatmakeme,me.”(小熊维尼曾说：“知道自己现在知道什么，不知道的留到以后再知道，这有什么错呢？”小猪补充道：“使我与众不同的东西造就了我。”)”，结合前文提到人类不完美才是人类的特点，可推断出我们应该正视自己的不完美。DYouprobablyknowaboutendangeredanimals.Butwhataboutplants?Theyarethebackboneofeveryecosystem—offeringhomes,food,shade,andoxygentootherspecies.Buthere’sthetrickypart:sometimesaforestlookshealthy.Butmanyoftheplantsthatcouldbethereareactuallymissing.Thisiswheretheideaofdarkdiversitycomesin.DarkdiversityislikeNature’ssecretlist—theplantsthattheenvironmentcouldsupport,butthatwedon’tseeanymore.Theproblemisthatmostofthetime,scientistsonlycountthespeciestheysee.Darkdiversityshowsusahiddenlossthat’seasytoignore.Westudiedhiddenplantlossatover5,000naturalplantsitesin119regionsworldwide.Eachsitewas100m2,andsurroundingregionswereabout300km2.Ateachsite,welistedallspecieswesaw,calledalphadiversity.Wealsocomparedsitesinthesameregiontomeasurebetadiversity,showinghowvegetationdifferedacrosstheregion.Acrosseachregion,weaddedallspeciestogetgammadiversity,thetotal“regionallibrary.”Tofindmissingspecies,wecalculateddarkdiversity,countingplantsthatusuallygrowwiththosepresentbutwereabsent,likeasking,“Whichclassmatesaremissingtoday?”Thesumofobservedandmissingspeciesformedthespeciespool,representingasite’spotentialdiversity.Communitycompletenessisthepercentageofthespeciespoolthatisactuallyobservedatasite.Finally,weassessedhumanimpactusingtheHumanFootprintIndex,includingpopulation,roads,farmland,andcities,toseewhetherhigherhumaninfluencereducedbiodiversity.Whatdidwefindout?Onaverage,onlyabout25%ofthepossibleplantswerepresentineachspot.Inareaswithlittlehumanactivity,aboutoneinthreeexpectedspeciesshowedup.Therestwerelikelyabsentduetonaturalreasons.Inareaswithahighhumanfootprint,onlyoneinfiveexpectedspecieswerethere.Justcountingplants(alphadiversity)didn’tshowthisproblem.Thisisbecausedifferentlocationshavenaturallymoreorfewerspecies.Agrasslandmightlook“full”butstillhaveverylowcompleteness.ThehiddenlossonlybecameclearwhenwelookedatNature’ssecretlistofmissingplants.32.Whatdoes“Nature’ssecretlist”suggest?A.Theenvironmentisimproving.B.Someextinctplantsareinit.C.Someplantsarepotentialbutabsent.D.Naturehasitswayofcreatingdiversity.33.Ifalphadiversityis20,darkdiversityis70,thenthecommunitycompletenessisabout__________.A.22.2% B.28.6%C.40% D.45%34.Whichofthefollowingbestmatchesthefinding?A. B.C. D.35.Whydoestheauthormentionthegrasslandexample?A.Todescribeatypicalnaturalhabitat.B.Toemphasizetherichnessofplantlife.C.Toillustratedifferencesbetweenregions.D.Toshowthelimitationofcountingvisiblespecies.【答案】32.C33.A34.B35.D【语篇解读】主要介绍植物在生态系统中的重要性，引入“暗多样性”概念，讲述通过对全球多地自然植物站点研究，揭示人类活动对植物多样性的影响，以及仅统计可见植物物种存在局限性。【32题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“DarkdiversityislikeNature’ssecretlist—theplantsthattheenvironmentcouldsupport,butthatwedon’tseeanymore.(暗多样性就像大自然的秘密清单——上面列着环境本可以支持生长，但我们如今再也看不到的植物。)”可知，“大自然的秘密清单”意味着一些有生长潜力但目前缺失的植物。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Thesumofobservedandmissingspeciesformedthespeciespool,representingasite’spotentialdiversity.Communitycompletenessisthepercentageofthespeciespoolthatisactuallyobservedatasite.(观察到的物种与缺失物种之和构成物种池，代表一个站点的潜在多样性。群落完整性是在一个站点实际观察到的物种在物种池中所占的百分比。)”，已知alphadiversity（观察到的物种数）为20，darkdiversity（缺失物种数）为70，那么物种池为20+70=90，群落完整性为20÷(20+70)×100%≈22.2%。【34题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Inareaswithlittlehumanactivity,aboutoneinthreeexpectedspeciesshowedup.Inareaswithahighhumanfootprint,onlyoneinfiveexpectedspecieswerethere.(在人类活动少的地区，大约三分之一预期的物种会出现。在人类活动足迹多的地区，只有五分之一预期的物种存在。)可知，人类活动少的区域植物存在比例高于人类活动多的区域。B选项的图表能准确体现这一关系。【35题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Justcountingplants(alphadiversity)didn’tshowthisproblem.Thisisbecausedifferentlocationshavenaturallymoreorfewerspecies.Agrasslandmightlook“full”butstillhaveverylowcompleteness.ThehiddenlossonlybecameclearwhenwelookedatNature’ssecretlistofmissingplants.(仅统计植物种类数量（阿尔法多样性）并不能反映出这一问题。这是因为不同地域本身物种数量就有多有少。一片草原看似植被繁茂，但其物种完整度可能依旧很低。只有当我们对照大自然那份消失植物的隐秘名录时，这种隐性的物种流失才得以清晰显现。)”可知，提到草地看似“物种丰富”但完整性低的例子，是为了表明仅统计可见物种存在局限性。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Guiltisacommonhumanemotion.Itcanguideus,butitcanalsohurtus.Guiltisusuallydefinedasafeelingofresponsibilityorregretforsomethingwehavedonewrong,orevenforsomethingweonlyimaginewehavedonewrong.Itoftencomesfromourvaluesandexpectations,whichshapehowwejudgeourownbehavior.____36____Itreflectsourawarenessofrightandwrong.Itshowsthatwecare.____37____Someguiltishelpful.Thiskindofguiltappearswhenwebreakapromise,hurtsomeone,orfailtomeetanimportantresponsibility,anditpushesustocorrectourmistakesandimproveourselves.Itisuseful.However,thereisalsoharmfulguilt.Thistypeoftencomesfromunrealisticstandards,pasteventswecannotchange,orevenotherpeople’sexpectations.____38____Unlikehelpfulguilt,itdoesnotleadtoactionbutinsteadweakensourconfidenceandwearsoutourenergy.Whenyoufeelguilty,pauseforamoment.Askyourselfwherethefeelingcomesfromandwhetheritisbasedonfactsorassumptions,becausenotallguiltisreasonable.Thenconsideritseffect:doesitencourageyoutotakepositiveaction,ordoesitsimplymakeyoufeelbadwithoutofferingasolution?____39____Byquestioningyourguilt,youbegintounderstanditinsteadofbeingcontrolledbyit.Ifyourguiltishelpful,takeaction.Apologize,makechanges,orcompletewhatyouhaveleftunfinished,sothatyourbehaviormatchesyourvalues.Ifyourguiltisharmful,learntoletitgo,eventhoughthismaytaketimeandeffort.Remindyourselfthatnooneisperfect,