湖北省鄂东南联盟2025-2026学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省鄂东南联盟2025-2026学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHowOurAncestorsUsedMushroomstoChangetheCourseofHumanHistoryMushroomsplayedavitalroleinhumansurvivalandcivilization,buttheircontributionswerelongoverlookedduetopoorpreservationinthefossilrecord.Recenttechnologicalbreakthroughshaverevealedtheirhiddenroles.KeyUsesofMushroomsbyAncientHumans:TimePeriodGroupUsageSpecificDetails48,000yearsagoNeanderthals(尼安德特人)Food;Medicine1.Peopleategray&splitmushrooms;2.Peoplechewedpenicillinmould(青霉素霉菌)fortoothinfection.11,000yearsagoMiddleStoneAgehunter-gatherersStartingfires1.82preservedmushroomswereinYorkshire,UK;2.Mushroomswereprocessedintosomethingthatcouldbeusedwithtreeskinaseasy-to-carryfire-startingkit.10,000yearsagoEarlyricecultivators(EastAsia)Makingbeer1.Aspecialtinymushroomchangedriceintosugar;2.Themushroomsweremixedwithtinythingsintheairtomakethefirstricebeer.5,300yearsagoNewStoneAgeÖtzitheIceman(冰人奥兹)Fishingfloats;Startingfires1.Somemushroomswerecoveredwithbeewaxforreusablefloats;2.Drymushroommaterialandaspecialstoneinaleatherbagwereusedtostartfires.ImportantDiscoveries:1.Chemicaltestsshowmushrooms’carbonandnitrogen(氮)levelsaresimilartoplantsandmeat,meaningtheywerelikelypartofancientdietsbutpreviouslyundetected.2.Scientistsfoundbitsofmushroomsstuckin15,000-year-oldteeth,provingconsumption.1.Whyweremushrooms’contributionsignoredforalongtime?A.Becauserecenttechnologyhadnotbeeninvented.B.Becausepeopleshowednointerestinmushrooms.C.Becausemushroomsplayednoroleinhumansurvival.D.Becausemushroomswerenotwellpreservedinfossils.2.Whichtwoancientgroupsusedmushroomsasfirestarters?A.MiddleStoneAgehunter-gatherersandNeanderthals.B.NeanderthalsandEarlyricecultivators.C.MiddleStoneAgehunter-gatherersandÖtzitheIceman.D.ÖtzitheIcemanandEarlyricecultivators.3.Whatdirectlyprovesancienthumansatemushrooms?A.Chemicaltests. B.Undetecteddiethistory.C.Preservationtechnology. D.Mushroompiecesinancientteeth.BWhenscientistsatColumbiaUniversityannouncedtheyhadmadeacheesecakeusinga3Dprinter,manypeoplelaughed.Butfor14-year-oldMayaRodriguez,itwasthemostexcitingnewsshe’dheardallyear.Mayahadalwayslovedbaking.Hergrandmother,aprofessionalbakerinMexicoCity,taughthertomaketraditionalMexicanpastrieswhenshewasjustseven.ButMayaalsolovedtechnology.Sheoftendreamedofcombininghertwopassions.“Thearticlesaidthescientistsuseda3Dprintertobuildthecheesecakelayerbylayer—grahamcrackers,peanutbutter,Nutella,bananapuree,andstrawberryjam,“Mayaexplained.“Itwasn’tjustmixingthingstogether.Theprintercouldplaceeachingredientexactlywhereitneededtobe.“Inspired,Mayaspenthersummerresearching3Dfoodprinting.Shelearnedthatwhile3Dprintingwasfirsttestedin1981,foodprintingwasstillinitsearlystages.Mostfoodprinterscouldonlyhandleoneingredientatatime.TheColumbiateam’sbreakthroughwasusingmultipleingredientsinoneprint.“Istartedexperimentingwithmyfamily’skitchenprinter—theregularkind,notafoodprinter,”Mayalaughed.“IdesignedlayersforatraditionalMexicantreslechescake.”Herbigmomentcameattheschoolsciencefair.Mayapresentedherdesignalongsidesamplesofherhand-bakedcake.Alocalnewspapercoveredherproject.Soonafter,auniversityfoodscienceprograminvitedhertovisittheirlab.“It’snotreallyaboutthecake,”Mayasaid.“It’saboutshowingthatoldtraditionsandnewtechnologycanworktogether.Mygrandmother’srecipesarehundredsofyearsold.Maybeaprintercanhelpkeepthemaliveforhundredsmore.”4.HowdidMayafirstlearnabout3D-printedfood?A.Fromanewsarticle. B.Fromhergrandmother.C.Fromaschoolsciencefair. D.Fromauniversitylabvisit.5.WhatwasspecialabouttheColumbiaUniversityteam’s3D-printedcheesecake?A.Itwasthefirst3D-printedfoodevermade.B.Itcouldbeprintedinjustoneminute.C.Itintegratedmultipleingredientsintooneprint.D.Ittastedbetterthanregularcheesecake.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.3Dprinters. B.Newtechnologies.C.Universityscientists. D.Maya’sgrandmother’srecipes.7.WhatmessagedoesMaya’sstorymainlyconvey?A.3Dprintingwillreplacetraditionalbaking. B.Youngpeopleshouldentersciencefairs.C.Technologycanhelppreserveculturaltraditions. D.Cheesecakeisthebestfoodto3D-print.CWhenwolvesbringdownanimals,ravens(渡鸦)oftenarrivefirst.Evenbeforewolvesbeginfeeding,thesebirdsgathernearby,readytotakeleftoverbits.Theirtiminghaslongseemedsurprising,leadingmanytoassumeravenssimplyfollowwolvestofindfood.AnewstudypublishedinScience,however,revealsamuchmoreadvancedstrategy.Insteadoffollowingwolvescontinuously,ravensrememberlocationswherekillsarelikelytohappenandreturntothoseareas,evenfromgreatdistances.Tounderstandravenbehavior,researchersfromtheUniversityofVeterinaryMedicineViennafitted69birdswithGPStrackers.Inadditiontoravendata,theyanalyzedmovementpatternsfrom20collaredwolves.Theyfocusedonwinter,whenravensmostofteninteractwithwolves,recordinglocationsevery30minutesforbirdsandeveryhourforwolves.Theyalsodocumentedwhereandwhenwolveskilledprey.Overthecourseofthestudy,researchersdiscoveredthatravensseldomfollowedwolvesformorethananhouroronekilometer.Instead,theyvisitedparticularlocationsrepeatedly,demonstratingthatravensrememberthemostproductivehuntinggrounds.Thissuggeststhatravenslearnwhichareasaremorelikelytoprovidefood,astrategythathelpsthemfindmealsefficientlywithoutconstantlytrackingwolves.Theresearcherssayravensmaystillfollowwolvesovershortdistanceswhentheyarenearby,butonalargerscale,memoryplaystheleadingrole.SeniorauthorProfJohnM.Marzluffexplains,“Whatourstudyclearlyshowsisthatravensareflexibleinwheretheydecidetofeed.Theydon’tstaytiedtoaparticularwolfpack.Withtheirsharpsensesandmemoryofpastfeedinglocations,theycanselectamongmanyfeedingopportunitiesfarandwide.Thestudysuggeststhatsomespecies,likeravens,maybeunderestimatedintermsoftheirintelligenceandabilitytoadapttotheirenvironment.”8.WhatisthefunctionofParagraph1?A.Tointroduceawidelyheldbelief.B.Todescribeanimals’huntingskills.C.Toexplainwhyravensfollowwolves.D.Topresentdifficultiesintrackingbirds.9.Whydidtheresearcherschoosetofocusonwinter?A.Ravensareeasiertotrackinwinter.B.Wolvesaremoreactiveduringwinter.C.GPSdevicesperformbestincoldweather.D.Ravensinteractmostfrequentlywithwolvesthen.10.WhichofthefollowingisNOTsupportedbythestudyresults?A.Ravensalwaysarrivefirstateverywolfkill.B.Ravensseldomfollowwolvesforlongperiods.C.Ravensusememorytoimprovefeedingefficiency.D.Ravensrememberparticularlysuccessfulhuntingareas.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Ravens:AdaptingtoWolves’Habits.B.Ravens:MemoryoverWolfFollowing.C.HowRavensCompetewithWolvesforFood.D.GPSTrackingRevealsRavens’MigrationPatterns.DFormanyyears,painassessmentinmedicalsettingshasreliedheavilyonpatients’self-reportorcaregivers’observation.Yetthisapproachisoftenunreliable,especiallyforindividualswhocannotcommunicateclearly,suchaspeoplewithdementia(痴呆).Asaresult,painisfrequentlymistakenforbehavioralproblems,leadingtoinappropriatetreatmentwhiletherealcauseremainsunaddressed.Inresponse,researchershaveturnedtonewtechnologiestoimprovehowpainisrecognized.OneexampleisPainChek,asmartphone-basedapplicationthatanalyzesfacialexpressions.Itidentifiessmallmusclemovementsassociatedwithpainandcombinesthemwithobservablesignssuchassleepdisturbance,providingamoreconsistentwaytoevaluatepatientswhocannotspeakforthemselves.Theeffectivenesshasbeendemonstratedinpractice.AtOrchardCareHomesintheUnitedKingdom,theintroductionofPainChekledtonoticeablechanges.Staffreportedfewerunnecessarymedicationsandacalmerenvironmentamongresidents.Someindividualswhohadkepttothemselvesduetountreatedpainbegantoeatnormallyandengagewithothersagain.“Weimmediatelysawthebenefits,”recallsCherylBaird,thefacility’sformerqualitydirector,notingthatthesystemrevealedpainthatmightotherwisehavegoneunnoticed.Evenso,thisapproachisnotwithoutlimits.Systemsthatrelyonfacialanalysismayworklessaccuratelyacrossdifferentgroupsorconfusepainwithotheremotions.Thereisalsoconcernthatoverrelianceonsuchtoolscouldweakenclinicaljudgmentratherthansupportit.Forthisreason,technologyisbestseennotasareplacement,butasasupporttohumancare.Itcanmakehiddensufferingmorevisible,butitcannotfullyinterpretitonitsown.AsBairdreflectsfromherownexperiencewithlong-lastingpain,havingone’spainacknowledgedisoftenthefirststeptowardhealing.Iftoolslikethiscanhelpgiveaclearervoicetothosewhocannotspeak,theirvaluemaylienotinperfection,butinmakingcaremoreattentive,moreresponsive,andultimatelymorehumane.12.Whatistheproblemwithtraditionalpainassessment?A.Ittakestoomuchtimetocomplete.B.Itoftenfailstoidentifypainaccurately.C.Itoverlookspatientswithclearcommunication.D.Itdependstoomuchonpatients’medicalhistory.13.WhichofthefollowingchangesdidPainChekbringtothecarehome?①Unnoticedpainwasidentified.②Staffworkedlongerhourseachday.③Unnecessarymedicationusedropped.④Residentsbecamemoresociallyactive.A.①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.②③④14.WhydoesBairdmentionherpersonalpainexperience?A.Tocallforbetterstafftraining. B.Topraiseadvancedtechnology.C.Tohighlightaccuraterecord-keeping. D.Tostresstheneedforpainrecognition.15.Whatistheauthor’sviewonnewassessmenttools?A.Effectivebutoverused. B.Accuratebutimpersonal.C.Usefuldespiteitslimitations. D.Reliabledespiteitshighcost.第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AreYouReactingorChoosing?Haveyouevertoldyourself,“IfeellikeI’vebeenbusyallday,butIgotnothingdone”?You’reswitchingfromtasktotaskasnewrequestscomethrough,butyoudon’thaveaspareminutetoconnectwiththebiggerpicture.___16___Reactingiswhathappenswhenyoumovethroughyourdayonautopilot.Choosing,bycontrast,isintentional(有目的的；主动选择的).Herearetipsthathelpshiftfromreactiveautopilottointentionalliving.Identifyyourvalues.Theconfidencetochoosecomeswhenyouknowwhatmattersmosttoyou—whetherthat’sfamilytime,creativity,leadership,orhealth.___17______18___Evenafewsecondsofreflectioncanbreakthecycleofautomaticagreement.Tryaskingyourself:Willthismovemeclosertomyvalues,pullmefurtheraway,orsimplydistractmefromthebiggerpicture?Experimentwithboundaries.Treateach“no”asasmalltest.Youmightdiscoverthatpeoplestillrespectyou,yourfamilyadjusts,andyouactuallygainenergyfortheopportunitiesthatexciteyou.___19___Andeverytimeyouchoose,youremindyourselfthatyourlifeisyourstoshape.___20___Youmoveforwardonprojectsandpassionsthatleaveyoufeelingfulfilled,withenergyleftoverforlifeoutsideofwork.Overtime,you’llnoticethatsuccessfeelslesslikeconstantlyprovingyourselfandmorespacious.A.Chooseyourownroute.B.Pausebeforesayingyes.C.Thisistheresultofconfusingreactingwithchoosing.D.Whenyoupracticechoosinginsteadofreacting,thebenefitsaddup.E.Eachsuccessfulexperimentcanhelpyoubuildconfidenceinyourabilitytochoose.F.It’saboutfollowingyourownNorthStar,whetherthatleadsyoudownauniquepath.G.Clearvaluesactlikeafilter(过滤器),helpingyoudecidewhatdeservesyour“yes”.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。WhenIwasfifteen,Itriedoutfortheschoolbasketballteam.Ihad___21___formonths,wakingearlytoshoothoops.IwasconfidentIwould___22___it.Whenthelist___23___,Isearchedformyname.Iwasn’tthere.Ifelt___24___.Fordays,Iwantedtoquitbasketball___25___.“Whatwasthe___26___inpractisingforit?”Ithought.Thenmyfathersatmedown.“Look,”hesaid,“thisisjustone___27___closing.Butthereareotherdoors.Ifyoustopnow,you’llneverknowwhatyoucouldachieve.”Hiswords___28___inmymind.Idecidedtokeeppracticing,notjustforthe___29___,butformyself.Ijoinedacommunityleagueandplayedeveryweekend.Iwasn’tthestarplayer,butIimprovedgradually.Thenextyear,I___30___again.Thistime,Imadeit.Standingonthat___31___,Irealizedsomethingimportant.IfIhadmadetheteamthefirsttime,Imightneverhavelearnedtolovethegameforwhatit___32___is.Failuredidn’tstopme;ittaughtmeresilience.Sometimes,___33___isjustlife’swayofteachingyoutofightharder.Yearslater,Istillrememberthatexperience.It___34___onmethatsuccessisnotaboutneverfalling,butabout___35___everytimeyoudo.21.A.waited B.struggled C.longed D.practiced22.A.make B.keep C.catch D.take23.A.cameup B.cametrue C.cameout D.cameover24.A.ashamed B.broken C.shocked D.confused25.A.entirely B.occasionally C.formally D.temporarily26.A.message B.point C.matter D.problem27.A.room B.door C.wall D.path28.A.engaged B.flooded C.flashed D.stuck29.A.game B.list C.team D.school30.A.workedout B.stoodout C.triedout D.stressedout31.A.court B.ground C.field D.yard32.A.mainly B.literally C.apparently D.truly33.A.winning B.losing C.quitting D.persisting34.A.counted B.cast C.dawned D.hit35.A.insisting B.keeping C.rising D.accepting第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Students’Health:SweatandLightChina’seducationauthorityhasoutlinedaclearvisionforthenation’syouth,emphasizingthatsuccessfuleducationshouldleavestudentsnotonlyknowledgeablebutalso___36___(physical)exhaustedandspirituallyfulfilled.Atarecentpressconferenceduringthe“TwoSessions”,EducationMinisterHuaiJinpengintroducedakeyinitiativewhosegoalistoensureeverystudentfinisheseachschooldaywith“sweatontheirbodies___37___lightintheireyes.”___38___(achieve)the“sweat”part,theMinistryofEducation(MOE)isrollingoutacomprehensivePhysicalStrengthEnhancementAction.Schoolsacrossthecountry___39___(encourage)toorganizemorecompetitivesportstomakeexercise___40___enjoyableandintegralpartofschoollifenow.Theaimistocreateadynamiccampusenvironment___41___studentsareactivelyengagedinsports.The___42___(two)partoftheinitiativefocusesonthe“light”—asymbolofstudents’mentalwell-being.Inresponseto___43___(grow)concernsaboutacademicpressureandmentalhealth,theMOEislaunchinganewMentalHealthPromotionAction.___44___(strategy)includeintegratingmorearts,laborpractice,andoutdooractivitiesintothecurriculum.Bydiversifyingtheschoolexperience,theministryhopestocultivateresilience,optimism,andagenuineloveforlearning,ensuringthatstudents’eyesshine___45___curiosity.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.如今，各种手机软件给人们带来了便利，也带来了一些问题。为了引导同学们合理利用各种手机应用软件来提升自己，你校英文报发起了主题为“HowIHaveBenefitedFromApps”的征文活动。请结合自己的经历写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：1.你使用的应用软件(如learningapps；entertainmentapps；health&fitnessapps等)；2.你获得的益处和你的建议。注意：(1)写作词数应为80个左右；(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。HowIHaveBenefitedFromApps____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。TheDumplingsThatBroughtUsHomeOnLunarNewYear’sEve,theLifamilykitchenwaslouderthanthefirecrackersoutside.Steamrosefromthepot.Laughterbouncedoffthewalls.Flourdustedthetablelikefreshsnow.AndinthemiddleofitstoodGrandma,issuinginstructionsasifshewereconductinganorchestra(管弦乐队).“Nottoomuchfilling!”shecalledout,“We’remakingdumplings,notpillows!”Everyyear,nomatterhowbusylifebecame,theentirefamily