专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷220

专业英语八级(阅读)模拟试卷220

一、选择题(本题共74题，每题1.0分，共74分。)

(l)Wasthesummitasuccess?Itdependsonthestandardsyouusetomeasureit.

CertainlybythestandardsofpreviousG8summitsthisonehasachievedagreatdeal,

despitethedisruptioncausedbythebombingsinLondon,writesBBCeconomics

reporterSteveSchifferesinananalysispiece.Itisunprecedentedtoreachsubstantive

deals-suchasthe$50bn(£28.8bn)Africaaidboostanddebt-cancella-tiondeal—atsuch

meetings.(2)TheG8summitalsoagreedtoreneweffortstoforgeatradedeal,pledged

$3bnforthePalestinianauthority,andsaiditwouldincreaseaccesstoAidstreatment,

Schifferesnotes.(3)Thcsummitbrokenewgroundbybringingpovertycampaignersand

leadersfromdevelopingcountriesfacetofacewiththeworld'seightmostpowerful

leaders.InthewordsofTonyBlair:"Itisn'ttheendofpovertyinAfrica,butitisthehope

thatitcanbeended."Ofcourse,thevariousdealsfallfarshortofwhatmany

campaignerswanted.Buttheyhavesetanimportantprecedentwhichcouldleadto

furtherdevelopmentsoverthecourseoftheyear,whenotherkeynegotiatingmeetings

aretakingplace.(4)SchifferesalsopointsoutthatofcoursetheG8summitdidnotsolve

alltheworld'sproblems.Buttherearc,hewrites,threekeymeetingslaterthisyearwhere

campaignersandotherswillbeabletotesttheG8*srealresolve.InSeptember,theUN

meetsinaspecialsessioninNewYorktoconsiderreformandprogresstowardsreaching

themillenniumdevelopmentgoals.Willthemajorpowerspledgethesameincreasein

aid($25bn)fornon-Africancountriesthatisrequiredtolifttheirpooroutofpovertyby

2015?(5)InDecember,thetradeissueswillbeconfrontedhead-on,astheworldtrade

talksresumeinHongKonginalast-ditchefforttoreachadealafterfouryearsof

wrangling.Willrichnationsbepreparedtoeliminatetheiragriculturalsubsidiesinorder

toopentheirmarketstothepoorcountries?Andhowmuchwilltheytrytoforcethepoor

countriestoopentheirmarketsfirst?(6)AlsoinDecember,thecontractingpartiestothe

UNframeworkconventiononclimatechangewillmeetinMontrealtodiscusswhat

shouldhappenwhentheKyotoprotocolrunsoutin2012.Willtheybeabletoagreea

newregimetoregulateglobalemissionsthatwillincludebothdevelopingcountriesand

theUS?(7)Noneoftheseissuesiseasytoresolve.ButthepoliticalwillshownattheG8

doesatleastgivesomeofthesenegotiationsafightingchance,Schifferesconcludes.

(8)Alsoonthesummit,aneditorialintheBusinessTimesSingaporenotesthatlast

week'sG8summit,unlikemostpastmeetingsofthiswealthynationsgrouping,achieved

somesmallmeasureofprogress.Inadeparturefromthepast,BritishPrimeMinister

TonyBlair,thehost,gottheleaderstopersonallysignthefinalcommuniquelastweek

whichcoveredsomeofthebroadestissuessuchasaidioAfrica,climatechangeand

worldtrade.(9)ItaddsthatwhileaidtoAfricaisimportant,theG8leaderswouldhave

donemoreiftheyhadresolvedtotackletheissueofsubsidiestotheirownfarmerswhich

placespoorcountriesatadisadvantage.TheWorldBankreckonsthataboldtariff

reductioncouldinjectfunds10timestheaidflowsintotheAfricancontinent.Butwhenit

cametosettingtime-tablesforfarmsubsidycutsintheirowncountries,theleaders'

commitmentworethin.Tlicymerelyspokeabouttheneedtostopgovernmentsupportfor

agriculturalexports.ThetariffissuewillcomeupattheHongKongmeetingofthe

WorldTradeOrganizationinDecemberandtheworldwillseehowfarthesameleaders

willgoonthatissue,pointstheeditorial.(10)Ontheissueofclimatechange,thefailure

wasmoreglaring.TherestoftheleadersdrewablankwithPresidentBush,eventhough

sevenoutoftheeightnationshaveratifiedtheKyotoprotocol.ThoughMr.Blairwanted

G8countriestotaketheleadonreducingcarbondioxideemissions,thecommunique

avoidedsettingtargetsortimetablesassetoutinthe1997protocol.Forwhatit'sworth,

theUSwhichhasconsistentlychallengedthesciencebehindclimatechangewasfinally

forcedtoadmitthatglobalwarmingiscausedbyhumanactivity.(11)Theeditorial

concludes(hatitisincreasinglyclearmatsummitshavetogobeyondmerestatementsof

intentandrichcountriesmustavoidbackslidingontheircommitments.LastThursday's

terroristattacksinLondon,whichcastashadowondiscussionsatGleneagles,underscore

theneedforboldactionforthedevelopmentofstrongandstableeconomiesintherestof

theworld.

1、OnenewpointinthisG8meetingisto.

A^settlealltheworld'sproblemstoendthepovertyinpoorcountries

B>communicatebetweenthepovertycampaignersandworldleaders

C、eliminateagriculturalsubsidiestoopenmoremarketsforpoorcountries

D^regulatetheemissionsinvolvingbothdevelopedanddevelopingcountries

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干中的newpoint查到第3段第1句，该句指出这次峰会broke

newground(破天荒第一次)把povertycampaigners与theworld'seightmostpowerful

leaders召集在一起。所以选项B是正确答案。

2、ThefollowingissueswerecoveredinG8summitEXCEPT.

A^aidtoAfrica

B、worldtrade

C^climatechange

D、anti-terroristaction

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据题干查到第8段，该段最后一句明确指出峰会讨论了对非洲的援

助、气候变化和世界贸易，只有选项D未被提及，所以选项D是正确答案。

3、Fromthedescriptioninthepassage,welearnthat.

A^thisG8meetingenabledadvancedcountriestocuttheiragriculturalsubsidies

B、thisG8summitisonlyastatementofzealtomeetailthepowerfulleaders

C、thisG8summitisofgreatsuccesstosomeextentinspileoflittleachievement

D、G8countriesallplayedaleadingroleinreducingcarbondioxideemissions

标准答案：C:

知识点解析：文章开头三段充分肯定了这次峰会的成功。但从第4段开始，文章指

出峰会不可能解决所有问题、问题也很难解决、领导人在具体目标和时间制定上的

犹豫不决等等，可见，这次峰会虽然成功，实效不大。所以选项C是正确答案。

(l)ScotlandYard'stopfingerprintexpert,DetectiveChiefSuperintendentGerald

LambournchadarequestfromtheBritishMuseum'sPrehistoricDepartmenttoforcehis

magnifyingglassonamysterysomewhat"outsidemyusualbeat."(2)Thiswasnota

questionofWhodunit,butWhoWasIt.Thebluntinstrumentsheporedoverwerethe

antlersofreddeer,datedbyradio-carbonexaminationasbe-ingupto5,000yearsold.

TheywereusedasminingpicksbyNeolithicmantohackflintsandchalk,andthe

fingerprintshewaslookingforwereofourremoteancestorswhohadlastwieldedthem.

(3)ThcantlerswereunearthedinJulyduringtheBritishMuseum'sfivc-ycar-long

excavationatGrime'sGraves,nearTherford,Norfolk,a93-acresitecontainingmore

than600verticalshaftsinthechalksome40feetdeep.Fromartifactsfoundinmany

partsofBritainitisevidentthatHintwasextensivelyusedbyNeolithicmanasheslowly

learnedhowtofarmlandintheperiodfrom3,000to1,500B.C.(4)Flintwasespecially

usedforax-headstoclearforestsforagriculture,andthequalityoftheflintonthe

Norfolksitesuggeststhattheminerstherewerekeptbusywithmanyorders.(5)What

excitedMr.G.deG.Sieveking,themuseum'sdeputydirectoroftheexcavations,wasthe

driedmudstillstickingtosomeofthem."Ourdeductionisthattheminerscoatedthe

baseoftheantlerswithmudsothattheycouldgetabettergrip,"hesays."Iheexciting

possibilitywasmatfingerprintsleftinthismudmightatlastidentifyasindividualsas

peoplewhohaveleftfewrelics,whocouldnotreadorwrite,butwhomayhavehad

muchmoreintelligencethanhadbeensupposedinthepast.'1(6)ChiefSuperintendent

Lambourne,whofouryearsagohad"assisted"theBritishMuseumbytakingthe

fingerprintsofa4000-year-oldEgyptianmummy,spenttwohourslastweekexamining

about50antlers.Onsomehefoundminutemarksindicatingahumanhand—thatpartof

thehandjustbelowthefingerswheremostpressurewouldbebroughttobearthe

wieldingofapick.(7)After25years*specializationintheYard'sfingerprintsdepartment,

ChiefSuperintendentLambourneknowsallaboutridgestructures-technicallyknownas

the"tri-radiatcsection".(8)Itwashisidentificationofthatpartofthehandthathelpedto

incriminatesomeoftheGreatTrainRobbers.In1995hediscoveredsimilarhandprints

onabloodstainedtee-makeronagolf-coursewhereawomanhadbeenbrutally

murdered.Theyeventuallyledtothekiller,after4,065handprintshadbeentaken.

(9)ChicfSuperintendentLambourchadagreedtovisittheNorfolksiteduringfurther

excavationsnextsummer,whenitishopedthatfurtherhand-markedantlerswillcometo

light.Butheiscautiousaboutthehistoricsignificanceofhisfindings.(10)'*Fingerprints

andhandprintsareuniquetoeachindividualbuttheycantellnothingabouttheage,

physicalcharacteristics,evensexofthepersonwholeftthem,"hesays."Eventhefinger

printsofgorillacouldbemistakenforthoseofaman.Butifanumberofimprinted

antlersarerecoveredfromgivenshaftsonthissiteIcouldatleastdeterminewhich

antlerswerehandledbythesameman,andfromtheremightbededucedthenumberof

minersemployedinateam."(1l)"AsindicationofintelligenceImightdeterminein

whichwaytheminersheldtheantlersandhowtheywieldedthem."(12)ToMr.

Sievekingandhismuseumcolleaguesanysuchfindingswilladdtotheirdossierofwhat

mightappeartothelaymanastrivialandunrelatedfactsbutfromwhichmightemerge

onedayanimpressivenewimageofourremoteancestors.

4、Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat.

A>ChiefSuperintendentLambournewaswillingtoaccepttherequest

B、ChiefSuperintendentLambournewasfamiliarwiththetaskhewasaskedtodo

C、thetaskthistimewasquitedifferentfromwhathedidbefore

D、heisonememberoftheBritishMuseum'sPrehistoricDepartment

标准答案：c

知识点露析：文章第1段说苏格兰的首席指纹专家、高级警司应大英博物馆的史前

部要求协助解一个谜，原文用了outsidemyusualbeat（非自己本行的，非自己所擅

长的），说明C是正确答案。

5、Accordingtothepassage,theantlerswereusedto.

ANploughthefieldsforcultivation

B、cutthewoodsforagriculture

C^obtainusefultoolsfbrwork

D^minemorecoals

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据题干中theantlers查找至第2段，该段第3句指出antler（鹿角）被

用作miningpickstohackfiintsandchalk（挖掘燧石和白垩的工具），而根据下面的段

落可看出燧石等是新石器时代的人用来开荒种田的，所以C是正确答案。

6、Accordingtothepassage,ChiefSuperintendentLambourne.

A^wasagreatarchaeologisttodiscovertheworld'smystery

hadvisitedtheNorfolksiteinorderlostudytheantlers

C^coulddeterminetheintelligenceofNeolithicmanbythefingerprints

D^oncehelpedsolveamurdercasebydiscriminatingthefingerprints

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据题目选项查到第8段，该段说明Lambourne的发现曾帮助侦破

一起谋杀案，所以选项D是正确答案。

7、TheattitudeofChiefSuperintendentLambournetowardsthefindingsis.

A、optimistic

B、prudent

C、suspicious

D、emotional

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干杳到第9段，该段的cautious一词说明Lambourne对发现持

谨慎态度，所以选项B是正确答案。

（1）TheNorwegiangovernmentjustgaveLarsSelhheimmorethan$5,000.Whydidthe

32-year-olddairyfarmerneedsuchahandout?Totakehisfamilycamping,ofcourse.

（2）Thatmaysoundcrazy,buthereinNorwayitmakessense.Sinceeveryonedeservesan

annualvacation,thegovernmentreasons,itshouldpayfortemporaryworkerstomilkthe

cowssothatfarmerscangetaway.Welfareisnotbashedherebutcelebratedby

politiciansofallstripes.Whenacenter-tightcoalitiontookpowerlastyearfromaleft­

leaninggovernment,ildidn'treininsocialspending.Rather,itraisedpensionsand

advocatedcashpaymentstoparentscaringforinfants.(3)Norwayservesupanamazing

menuofentitlements.Healthcareisguaranteedtoeveiyone,andit'sfreeafterthefirst

$172inpersonalmedicalcostseachyear.Disabledpeoplereceivingspeciallyequipped

carsandwheelchairstogetaround.Universityeducationisfree.Maternityleavestretches

for42weeksatfullpay.Manyarthritissufferersgetanall-expcnse-paidtriptoaspain

theCanaryIslands.Sickleavecanlastayearatfullsalary.Stay-at-homeparentsearna

publicpension.NorwegianswholiveaboveArcticCirclegettaxbreaks;poetsand

paintersgetsubsidies.(4)WhatmakessuchgenerositypossibleisNorthSeapetroleum.

NorwayistheWorld'sNo.2exporterofcrudeoilandNo.3exporterofnaturalgas.Last

year,thoseindustriesnettedthestate$12.3billion,orabout$2,800foreverycitizen.

Still,thewelfaresystemiscostly—anyoneearningmorethan$36,000ayearpaysthetop

incometaxrateof49.5percent.Sintaxesarchightoo,drivingupthepriceofabeeratan

ordinarybarto$6andthepriceofapackofcigarettestoS7.Norwegianscomplainabout

waitinglistsforsomemedicalprocedures,andmanyofthewealthyoptforprivatehealth

care.Yetopinionpollsshowmostpeopletobecontent,"There'sageneralconsensusthat

youshouldtakecareofthepoorest,"saysTorHersougoftheConfederationof

NorwegianBusinessandIndustry.nWehavesomuchmoney.Wecanaffordit."(5)The

inclinationtosharethewealthisdeeplyrootedinhardscrabblefarmsandfishinghamlets.

Thisisasmallcountry(4.4millionpcople)moreaccustomedtopovertythanprivilege.

Flauntingone'smoney—the"conspicuousconsumption"thatthelateNorwegian-

AmericaneconomistThorsteinVeblencondemned—ismorethanvulgar;it's,well,un­

Norwegian.TheclosestthingtoanationalcreedissomethingcalledJantelaw,avillage

maximthatwarnspeoplenottoactasthoughtheyarebetterthananyoneelse.Americans

familiarwiththedenizensofGarrisonKeillor'sfictionalLakeWobegonwouldrecognize

thementality.Here,it'sanationalpolicy:"Thephilosophyistokeepthetraditional

equalitywe'vehad,"saysMagnhildMcltveitKlcppa,ministerforsocialaffairs.(6)Still,

therearcworriesinthewelfarestate.SomefretthatNorwegians,whoseideaofvacation

istoroughitinunheatedmountaincabins,aregoingsoft.Singleparenthoodisonthe

rise,andconservauveness(cappedbyafuneralgranl)erodesinitiative.Asaresult,the

PrimeMinister,anordainedLutheranPastorwhoscandalizedsomeconstituentsby

puffingonacigarinpublic,haslauncheda"valuescommission"tofostertraditional

mores.(7)Thenthereisthefearof"oiladdiction".AfallincrudepricessentNorway's

economytumblinginthemid-80s,andthecurrentdropinoilpricesislowering

governmentrevenues.Interestratesarcupandinflationmaynotbefarbehind.Sothe

risk-averseNorwegiansaresockingawaymostofthepetroleumprofitsinanational

rainy-dayfund.Justeightyearsfromnow,Norwayexpectstoearnmorefromits

investmentsthanfromitsoldfangledmagnanimity,indefinitely."We'reluckyin

Norway."saysasmilingfarmerSelheim.Luckyindeedbutcertainlynobetterthan

anyoneelse.

8、TheNorwegiangovernmentgavethedairyfarmermoneyforhisvacation,becausehe

A、isanexcellentworkerwithhighskills

B>hastherighttoenjoyanannualvacation

C>canmilkthecowtoproducemoremilk

D^bringspeoplethefreshmilkeveryday

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干定位到原文第2段，该段第2句指出在挪威每个人都享有度

假的权利，所以奶农自然也不例外，选项B是正确答案。

9、TheNorwegiansenjoythefollowingwelfareEXCEPT.

A^theirfreehealthcareisofferedafterpayinginitialmedicalcostseachyear

B>disabledpersonsreceivedspecially-uscdcarsandwheelchairstogoaround

C^Maternityleavelastsayearatfullsalary

D^theNorwegianslivingabovetheArcticCirclegot(axreduction

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第3段讲述挪威高福利体现在哪些方面。其中产假是全薪42周长

假，而病假可长达一年。选项C把这两个事实混在一起了。所以是本题正确答

案。

10、Whichofthefollowingstatementscontainsametaphor?

A、Norwegiansaresockingawaymostofthepetroleumprofitsinanationalrainy-day

fund.

B、...thewealthisdeeplyrootedinhardscrabblefarmsandfishinghamlets.

C^Avillagemaximthatwarnspeoplenottoactasthoughtheyarebetterthananyone

else.

D^...aleft-leaninggovernment,itdidn'treininsocialspending.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：在选项A中，用rainy-day来暗喻“困难时期"，nationalrainy-dayfund

指的就是国家紧急备用金了，A是正确答案。

11、Themostsuitabletitleforthispassagemightbe.

A^PovertyandPrivilege

B、TheTraditionalEquality

C^TheTraditionalNorwegian

D、TheWelfarePolicyinNorway

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本文虽涉及挪威特殊群体的特权、传统意义上的平等和传统的挪威人

等等，但讨论的重点即文章主题是挪威的福利政策，其它都是围绕福利政策的说明

和延展，显然D是正确选项。

(l)Consideringitisabusinessthathasprovokedwarsincenturiespast,scantattentionis

paidtothemodernslavetrade.Butonewaytotrackthetradeinpeopleistherecently

releasedannualreportontraffickinginpersonsfromAmerica'sStateDepartment.Andit

makesforgloomyreading.Thoughtherehavebeenimprovementsoflate,thenumbersof

peopleinvolvedarestillappallinglyhigh.Approximately800,000peoplearetrafficked

acrossnationalborderseachyearandmillionsmorearctradeddomestically.The

InternationalLabourOrganisationestimatesthattherearcatleast2.5mpeopleinforced

laboratanyonetime,includingsexualexploitation,asaresultoftrafficking.(2)Efforts

towipeoutthismodernslavetradearehamperedbecausehumantraffickingisabig

business.Itisimpossibletoknowtheexactsumsinvolvedbutrecentestimatesofthe

valueoftheglobaltraffickingtradehaveputitashighas$32billion.TheUnitedNations

GlobalInitiativetoFightHumanTraffickingdescribesitasahigh-rewardandlow-risk

crime.Peoplecomecheapandmanycountrieslackthenecessarylawstotarget

traffickers,ortheyarenotproperlyenforced.Worsestill,itisoftenthevictimsofthe

traffickersthataretreatedascriminals.(3)Womensuffermostinthisrespect:thereport

estimatesthat80%ofvictimsofinternationaltrallickingarewomenforcedintosome

formofprostitution.Womenareinvolvedintraffickingtoo,thoughthisislesscommon.

InEuropeandCentralandsouthAsiawomenareoftenrecruitedbyotherwomenwho

werethemselvesthevictimsoftrafficking.Inparttoavoiddetectionbytheauthorities,

traffickersgrantvictimslimitedfreedomwhilesimultaneouslycoercingthemtoreturn

hometorecruitotherwomentoreplacethem.(4)Thcreportalsocastsalightonthe

increasinglyimportantrolethattechnologyisplayinginthetrade,bothincombatingit

anditsperpetration.Theinternethelpstoidentifyandtrackdowntheperpetratorsbut

increasinglyitisbecomingpartoftheproblem.Chatroomsareusedtoexchange

informationaboutsex-tourismsites;peoplearetargetedthroughsocial-networkingsites

wherepornographicrecordsofsextraffickingarealsoboughtandsold;victimsare

ensnaredthroughinstantmessaging.(5)Thereareafewbrightspots.Ethiopiais

commendedforitseffortstocombatthetraffickingofchildrenbyestablishingchild-

protectionunitsacrossthecountry.Romania'screationofanationaldatabasetoidentify

andrespondquicklytotrendsintraffickingisalsopraisedasisMadagascar'scampaign

towipeoutsextourism.(6)Thereportrankscountriesinto3tiersdeterminedbyhow

complianttheyaredeemedtobewithAmerica'sTraffickingVictimsProtectionActof

2000.Predictably,somecountrieslistedintier3,theworstoffenders,haverespondedto

theaccusationswithoutrage.Butthesearenottheonlycountriesthathaveaproblem.

Thereisalso"specialwatchlist"oftier-2countriesthatneedcarefulmonitoring.(7)The

foreignministryofCuba,acountrythereportplacesintier3,firmlydeniedthatthe

reporthadanyvalueandusedtheopportunityforacustomaryjibeatAmerica,saying

that"thegovernmentoftheUnitedStateshasalottodoinitsowncountrytocombatthe

rampantphenomenonthereofprostitution,sexualexploitation,forcedlaborandthe

traffickingofpeople."(8)OfthesixGulfStates,Kuwait,Oman,QatarandSaudiArabia

werelistedasTier3andBahraincreptuptothetier-2watchlist.OnlytheUnitedArab

Emiratesmadeittotier2onthebasisofitseffortstocombatabuseagainstforeign

domesticservantsandconstructionworkers.ForeignministersfromtheGulfCooperation

Councilsimplysaidthattheinformationinthereportwaswrong.Theyclaimthat

America"aimstopractiseunjustifiedpressureforpoliticalends".(9)Andthereissome

evidencetheycouldusetobackupthisassertion.Onecountryexemptfromtherankings

isAmericaitself.Self-analysisisalwaysdifficultbutthereport,thoughcomprehensive,

mighthavemoreforceifAmericaweretoturnthespotlightfullyonitself.

12、It'shardtoremovethemodernslavetradebecauseofthefollowingreasons

EXCEPTthat.

A、itisafatbusinessthatattractsmanytraffickers

B>itcanmakemoremoneybuthaslessrisk

C>somecountriesdidnotexecutelawsproperly

D^criminalsalwaysslippedawaywithoutbeingnoticed

标准答案：D

知识点解析：解答此题需定位到原文第2段。全段给出了现代奴隶贸易难以根除的

原因，包括了选项A、B、C提到的三点，但D在原文中没有提到，而且句中若出

现类似always这类副词往往与事实不符，所以D是正确答案。

13、Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribestheauthor'streatmentofthetopic?

A、Subjective.

B、Positive.

C^Negative.

D、Prejudiced.

标准答案：C

知识点解析♦：此题考查作者的态度，解答此题需通览全文，把握基调。从全文可以

读出作者对世界奴隶贸易现状是持批评态度的。他语调客观，不带有偏见，但他的

态度绝不是肯定态度，而是否定态度，因此正确答案是C。

14,Therelationshipbetweenthefirstandsecondparagraphsisthat.

A、eachpresentsoneaspectofthemodernslavetrade

B、bothpresentsthefaultsofthemodernslavetrade

C>thefirstisthelogicalresultofthesecond

D、thefirstgeneralizesthesecondwithexample