2027年中考英语语法知识梳理（一：名词·代词·冠词·数词）

2027年中考英语语法知识梳理（一：名词·代词·冠词·数词）2026-2027学年九年级一、考点清单考点中考要求高频程度名词的单复数掌握规则变化与不规则变化★★★★★不可数名词及其量化识别不可数名词，正确使用单位词★★★★名词所有格掌握's所有格与of所有格的用法★★★★人称代词与物主代词主格/宾格/形容词性/名词性物主代词的区分★★★★★反身代词掌握固定搭配★★★不定代词some/any、both/either/neither、all/none等★★★★★指示代词与疑问代词基本用法★★★不定冠词a/an根据音素判断★★★★★定冠词the特指、独一无二、序数词最高级前等★★★★★零冠词三餐、季节、球类、专有名词等★★★★基数词与序数词拼写规则、序数词前the★★★★分数表达分子基数词、分母序数词★★★年份与日期读法基本表达★★★

二、名词（一）可数名词与不可数名词1.可数名词有单复数形式，可与a/an连用：·abook→twobooks·anapple→threeapples2.不可数名词无复数形式，不能直接与a/an连用。常见不可数名词：·物质类：water,milk,bread,meat,rice·抽象类：information,advice,news,work,homework,music·总称类：furniture,luggage,equipment3.不可数名词的量化用“单位词+of”：·apieceofadvice一条建议·twobottlesofwater两瓶水·apieceofnews一条新闻·threepiecesofpaper三张纸注意：news虽以-s结尾，但不可数，作主语谓语用单数：Thenewsisexciting.（二）名词复数规则变化规则例词一般加-sbook→books,pen→pens以s/x/ch/sh结尾加-esbox→boxes,watch→watches,bus→buses,dish→dishes辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-escity→cities,baby→babies,story→stories元音字母+y结尾，直接加-sboy→boys,day→days,key→keys以f/fe结尾，多数变f/fe为v加-esleaf→leaves,knife→knives,wife→wives,half→halves以o结尾，有生命加-es，无生命加-stomato→tomatoes,potato→potatoes,hero→heroes；photo→photos,piano→pianos,zoo→zoos（三）不规则复数·man→men,woman→women,child→children·foot→feet,tooth→teeth,goose→geese·mouse→mice·sheep→sheep,deer→deer,fish→fish（单复数同形）·Chinese→Chinese,Japanese→Japanese（四）名词所有格1.'s所有格（有生命的人或物）：·单数名词加's：Tom'sbook汤姆的书·以s结尾的复数名词只加'：thestudents'books学生们的书·不以s结尾的复数名词加's：Children'sDay儿童节·表示各自拥有，每个名词后都加's：Tom'sandJim'srooms（两人各自的房间）·表示共同拥有，只在最后一个名词后加's：TomandJim'sroom（两人共有的房间）2.of所有格（无生命的事物）：·thedooroftheroom房间的门·thenameofthefilm电影的名字3.特殊用法——表示时间、距离、国家、城市等也可用's：·today'snewspaper今天的报纸·tenminutes'walk十分钟的步行路程·China'scapital中国的首都4.双重所有格：afriendofmine（我的一个朋友），aphotoofTom's（汤姆的一张照片）（五）名词易错提醒·anumberof+复数名词（许多……）作主语，谓语用复数：Anumberofstudentsareplaying.·thenumberof+复数名词（……的数量）作主语，谓语用单数：Thenumberofstudentsis50.·family,class,team等集体名词，作整体看谓语用单数，强调成员时用复数：Myfamilyislarge./MyfamilyarewatchingTV.

三、代词（一）人称代词人称主格宾格第一人称单数Ime第二人称单数youyou第三人称单数he/she/ithim/her/it第一人称复数weus第二人称复数youyou第三人称复数theythem·主格作主语：Sheismysister.·宾格作宾语（动词后或介词后）：Ilikeher./Thisisforhim.（二）物主代词人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词Imymineyouyouryourshehishissheherhersititsitsweourourstheytheirtheirs·形容词性物主代词后必须接名词：Thisismybook.·名词性物主代词独立使用，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”：Thisbookismine.（=mybook）·易错：its（它的）vsit's（itis的缩写）（三）反身代词人称反身代词Imyselfyouyourselfhehimselfsheherselfititselfweourselvesyouyourselvestheythemselves常见固定搭配：·enjoyoneself玩得开心·helponeselfto随便吃/用·byoneself独自地·teachoneself自学·lookafteroneself照顾自己·saytooneself自言自语（四）不定代词1.some与any·some用于肯定句：Ihavesomequestions.·any用于否定句和疑问句：Idon'thaveanyquestions./Doyouhaveanyquestions?·表示请求、建议或希望对方肯定回答时，疑问句用some：Wouldyoulikesometea?·some也可用于肯定句表“某个”：Someboyiswaitingforyou.2.both/either/neither（两者）代词含义例句both两者都Bothofthemarestudents.either两者之一Eitherofthemwilldo.neither两者都不Neitherofthemisright.·both...and...连接主语谓语用复数：BothTomandJimarehere.·either...or.../neither...nor...连接主语谓语遵循就近原则：Eitheryouorheisright.3.all/none（三者及以上）代词含义例句all全部都Allofusarehere.none都不（一个也没有）Noneofthemcame.·none作主语，谓语单复数均可，但常考用单数：Noneofthemoneyismine.4.其他高频不定代词·everyone/everybody（每个人）作主语谓语用单数：Everyoneishere.·everything（一切）作主语谓语用单数：Everythinggoeswell.·something/anything/nothing修饰词后置：somethingimportant（重要的事）·someone/somebody/anyone/anybody/noone/nobody同理（五）指示代词·this（这个）/these（这些）——近指·that（那个）/those（那些）——远指·电话中介绍自己用this，问对方用that：ThisisTomspeaking.Whoisthat?（六）疑问代词疑问代词用法例句who主格，问人Whoishe?whom宾格，问人（介词后）Withwhomdidyougo?whose问所属Whosebagisthis?what问事物Whatdoyouwant?which在一定范围内选择Whichdoyouprefer,teaorcoffee?

四、冠词（一）不定冠词a/an1.基本用法·表示“一个”，用于可数名词单数前：abook,anapple·表示泛指某一类：Adogisausefulanimal.·表示“每一”：threetimesaday一天三次2.a还是an——看音素，不看字母·a用于辅音音素开头：abook,auniversity（u发/ju:/，辅音音素开头）,ausefulbook,aEuropeancountry·an用于元音音素开头：anapple,anhour（h不发音）,anhonestboy,anEnglishbook易错：auniversity（不是an）；anhour（不是a）；anumbrella（u发/ʌ/，元音音素）（二）定冠词the1.特指：Closethedoor,please.2.上文已提到：Iboughtabook.Thebookisinteresting.3.世界上独一无二的事物：thesun,themoon,theearth,thesky4.序数词和最高级前：thefirst,thetallest5.乐器前：playthepiano,playtheviolin6.姓氏复数前表一家人：theGreens格林一家7.某些专有名词前：theGreatWall,theYellowRiver,theUnitedStates8.用于方位词前：intheeast,ontheleft（三）零冠词（不加冠词）·复数名词泛指：Booksareuseful.·不可数名词泛指：Waterisimportant.·三餐前：havebreakfast/lunch/dinner·季节前：inspring/summer/autumn/winter·节日、星期、月份前：onMonday,inMay,atChristmas·球类运动前：playbasketball/football·专有名词（人名、城市、国家、大部分国名）前：China,Beijing,Tom·交通工具by短语：bybus,bycar,onfoot（四）冠词易错提醒·playthepiano（乐器加the）vsplaybasketball（球类不加the）·gotoschool（去上学，表目的）vsgototheschool（去学校这个地方）·inhospital（住院）vsinthehospital（在医院里）·attable（在吃饭）vsatthetable（在桌旁）

五、数词（一）基数词·1—12：one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve·13—19：thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen（注意fifteen,eighteen拼写）·整十：twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety（注意forty不是fourty）·几十几：twenty-one,thirty-five（中间加连字符）·几百：onehundred,twohundred（hundred前有具体数字时不加-s）·模糊数量：hundredsof（数以百计的）,thousandsof（成千上万的）——加-s且接of（二）序数词基数词序数词变化规则onefirst不规则twosecond不规则threethird不规则fourfourth一般加-thfivefifthve变f加-theighteighth只加-hnineninth去e加-thtwelvetwelfthve变f加-thtwentytwentiethy变i加-eth·序数词前一般加the：thefirstday,thesecondfloor·序数词前有形容词性物主代词时不加the：myfirstteacher（三）分数表达·分子用基数词，分母用序数词·分子大于1，分母加-s：1/3onethird,2/3twothirds·1/2用ahalf；1/4用aquarter（四）年份与日期·年份读法：2024读作twentytwenty-four；1900读作nineteenhundred·日期：May1st读作Maythefirst；onMay1st·in2024（年份前用in）；onMay1st（具体日期用on）

六、易错提醒汇总易错点正确用法错误示例news不可数Thenewsisgood.❌Thenewsaregood.辅音音素开头用aauniversity❌anuniversity元音音素开头用ananhour❌ahour乐器前加theplaythepiano❌playpiano球类不加theplaybasketball❌playthebasketball名词性物主代词独立使用Thisbookismine.❌Thisbookismy.everyone作主语用单数Everyoneishere.❌Everyonearehere.anumberof作主语用复数Anumberofstudentsare...❌Anumberofstudentsis...thenumberof作主语用单数Thenumberofstudentsis...❌Thenumberofstudentsare...neitherof作主语用单数Neitherofthemisright.❌Neitherofthemareright.序数词前加thethefirstday❌firstday（泛指时除外）hundredsof加shundredsofpeople❌hundredofpeople具体数字后hundred不加stwohundredpeople❌twohundredspeople

七、中考真题式练习（附答案）（一）单项选择（10题）1.Therearemany______inthefridge.Youcantakesome.A.breadsB.applesC.milkD.water2.—Howmany______arethereinyourschool?—About200.A.womanteachersB.womenteachersC.womenteacherD.womanteacher3.The______roomisnexttoours.Theyareournewneighbors.A.Green'sB.Greens'C.GreensD.Green4.Thisisnotmydictionary.It's______.______isinmybag.A.her;MineB.hers;MyC.hers;MineD.her;My5.—Wouldyoulike______tea?—Yes,please.A.someB.anyC.manyD.a6.______ofthetwoboysisgoodatswimming.Theybothlikeit.A.BothB.EitherC.NeitherD.All7.Heis______honestboy.Henevertellslies.A.aB.anC.theD./8.Myfatherusuallygoestoworkby______bus,buttodayhewentby______taxi.A.a;aB.the;theC./;/D.a;the9.______ofthestudentsinourclass______fromthecountryside.A.Twothird;isB.Twothirds;areC.Twothirds;isD.Twothird;are10.Wewillhaveasportsmeeting______May1st.A.inB.onC.atD.for（二）用所给词的适当形式填空（5题）11.Therearethree______(child)playinginthegarden.12.Ihavetwo______(knife).Oneisforcuttingbread.13.Thisis______(I)book.______(you)isonthedesk.14.The______(leaf)turnyellowinautumn.15.Weshouldbrushour______(tooth)twiceaday.（三）改错（5题，找出并改正）16.Thenewsareveryexciting.17.Therearetwohundredsstudentsinourschool.18.Thisisausefulbook,anditismy.19.EveryoneinourclasslikeEnglish.20.IhavevisitedtheGreatWallinlastsummer.

八、答案与解析（一）单项选择1.B解析：many后接可数名词复数。bread/milk/water不可数。apples可数复数。2.B解析：womanteacher变复数，两个词都要变：womenteachers。类似：mandoctor→mendoctors。3.B解析：格林一家人的房间，用Greens'（