2023年新版考研英语一真题及答案 (一)

考研英语一真题(后附答案详解)

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

A,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition(1)

manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,putting

your(2)inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh(3).

(4),whydowetrustatall?Well,becauseitfeelsgood.(5)peopleplace

theirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,a

hormonethat(6)pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstruct

thatleadssheeptoflocktogetherforsafetyandpromptshumansto(7)with

oneanother.SwissScientistshavefoundthatexposure(8)thishormoneputs

usinatrusting(3):Inastudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintotheroses

ofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramounts

ofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir(10)whoinhaledsomethingelse.

(11)forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay(12)us.

ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate(13)

acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach(14)toanadult

testerholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,“What'sinhere?”before

lookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,uWow!”Eachsubjectwasthen

invitedtolook(15).Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf(16)the

containerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad(17)them.

Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere(18)tocooperate

withthetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhis

leadership.(19).onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe

(20)“testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.

1.A.onB.1ikeC.forD.from

2.A.faithB.concernC.attentionD.interest

3.A.benefitB.debtC.hopeD.price

4.A.ThereforeB.ThenC.InsteadD.Again

5.A.UntilB.UnlessC.AlthoughD.When

6.A.selectsB.producesC.appliesD.maintains

7.A.consultB.competeC.connectD.compai'c

8.A.atB.byC.ofD.to

9.A.contextB.moodC.periodD.circle

10.A.counterpartsB.substitutesC.colleaguesD.supporters

11.A.FunnyB.LuckyC.OddD.Ironic

12.A.monitorB.protectC.surpriseD.delight

13.A.betweenB.withinC.towardD.over

14.A.transferredB.addedC.introducedD.entrusted

15.A.outB.backC.aroundD.inside

16.A.discoveredB.provedC.insistedD.remembered

17.A.betrayedB.wrongedC.fooledD.mocked

18.A.forcedB.wi11ingC.hesitant1).entitled

19.A.IncontrastB.AsaresultC.Onthewho1eI).Forinstance

20.A.inflexibleB.incapableC.unreliableD.unsuitable

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychocsing

A,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobably

gounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:Whathappenswhentherobotscome

fortheirjobs?

Don，tdismissthatpossibi1ityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathigh

riskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddle

classdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycare

don,tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financial

transitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3D

printersandvirtualrealityhaven*tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenew

companiesthatwillinventthem.

Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeand

laborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwi11havetoberethought.Taxesonlow-wage

laborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshould

beexpanded:Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjob

creation,andreduceinequality.

Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears,

yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupended

byautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatareconingforourjobswouldberuts.

Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.

21.【题干】Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?

A.Leadingpoliticians.

B.Low-wagelaborers.

C.Robotowners.

D.Middle-classworkers.

22.【题干】Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor*sview?

A.Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.

B.Optimists*opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.

C.Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled

D.Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided

23.【题干】Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison.

A.creativepotential.

B.job-huntingski1Is.

C.individualneeds.

D.cooperativespirit.

24.【题干】Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat.

A.encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.

B.increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.

C.easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.

D.preventingtheincomegapfromwidening.

25.【题干】Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith.

A.pposingviewsonit.

B.possiblesolutionstoit.

C.itsalarmingimpacts.

D.itsmajorvariations.

Text2

AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericans

disapproveofPresidentTrump'suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennials

prefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Nota

president'ssocialmediaplatform.

MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrust

hasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracy

ski11s.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthepresidentialcampaign,near1ya

quarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstate

ofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.Andasurvey

conductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrust

newsfromthemediagiant.

Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulat

separatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurvey

ofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrustntoverify

stories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives-

especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias."Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreat

dealofpersonalresponsibi1ityforeducatingtheraselvesandactivelyseekingout

opposingviewpoints,nthesurveyconcluded.

Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.AsurveyconductedinAustralia,

Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthat

youngpeople*srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.

Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyand

immediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheir

valuesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassing

alonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenby

Americansforthefakenewsphenomenonisureadererror,“moresothanmace-up

storiesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenews

liesin**misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews“viasocialmedia.In

otherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.

“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthis

problem,wsaysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.

Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyreveal

amentaldisciplineinthinkingskills-andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareon

socialmedia.

26.【题干】AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubts

on_____________________________________________________________________________________

【选项】

A.thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice.

B.people*spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.

C.theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation.

D.socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.

27.【题干】Thephrase"beerup"(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaning

to_______________________

【选项】A

A.sharpen

B.define

C.boast

D.share

28.【题干】Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,young

people_________________________

【选项】

A.tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace.

B.verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources.

C.havesstrongsenseofresponsibility.

I).1iketoexchangeviewson^distributedtrustn

29.【题干】TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblem

is_______________

【选项】

A.readersoutdatedvalues.

B.journalists*biasedreporting

C.readers'misinterpretation

D.journalists*made-upstories.

30.【题干】Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

【选项】

A.ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline

B.ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend

C.TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.

D.ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.

Text3

Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain*sNational

HealthService(NHS)andDcepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmean

well.DcepMindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence(AI)companiesinthe

world.Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcould

alsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.ItIsagainstthat

backgroundthattheinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedher

damningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS,whichhtnded

overtoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsInonthebasisofavague

agreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients,rightsandtheir

expectationsofprivacy.

DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways.Further

arrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbecarefully

scrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedofpatients

andal1unnecessarydatahasbeencleaned.Therearelessonsaboutinformedpatient

consenttolearn.Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhe

mostimportant.Ms.DenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust,since

underexistinglawit“controlled”thedataandDeepMindmerely“processed"it.

Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingandaggregation,not

themerepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.

Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathat

ourlivesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividual

fromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthewaythesurveillanceeconomy

works.Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonlywhenitiscomparedwith

thedataofcountlessmillionsmore.

Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelssiightly

ma1adapted.Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.Itisnotenoughtosay

thatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswi11benefitpatientsandsavelives.What

mattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusing

publicresources.Ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,

bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.Wearestillatthe

beginningofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegigantic

consequenceslater.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigital

feudalism.Ms.Denham'sreportisawelcomestart.

31.【题干】WhaistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?

【选项】

A.Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.

B.11failedtopaydueattentiontopatient*srights.

C.11fellshortofthelatter,sexpectations

D.Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.

32.【题干】TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham*sverdict

with___________________________

【选项】

A.emptypromises.

B.toughresistance.

C.necessaryadjustments.

D.sincereapologies.

33.【题干】TheauthorarguesinParagraph2

that_________________________________________________

【选项】

A.privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts.

B.leakingpatients*dataisworsethansellingit.

C.makingprofitsfrompatients*dataisillegal.

D.thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit

34.【题干】Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdeal

is___

【选项】

A.theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.

B.theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.

C.theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.

D.themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.

35.【题干】Theauthor*sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcare

【选项】

A.ambiguous.

B.cautious.

C.appreciative.

D.contemptuous.

Text4

TheU.S.PostalService(USPS)continuestobleedredink.Itreportedanet

lossof$5.6billionforfiscal,the10thstraightyearitsexpenseshaveexceeded

revenue.Meanwhile,ithasmorethan$120billioninunfundedliabilities,mostly

foremployeehealthandretirementcosts.Therearenanybankruptcies.Fundamentally,

theUSPSisinahistoricsqueezebetweentechnologicalchangethathaspermanently

decreaseddemandforitsbread-and-butterprocuct,first-classmail,anda

regulatorystructurethatdeniesmanagementtheflexibilitytoadjustitsoperations

tothenewreality

Andinterestgroupsrangingfrompostalunionstogreeting-cardmakersexert

self-interestedpressureontheUSPS'sultimateoverseer-Congress-insistingthat

whateverelsehappenstothePostalService,aspectsofthestatusquotheydepend

ongetprotected.Thisiswhyrepeatedattemptsatreformlegislationhavefailed

inrecentyears,leavingthePostalServiceunabletopayitsbillsexceptby

deferringvitalmodernization.

Nowcomeswordthateveryoneinvolved—Democrats,Republicans,thePostal

Service,theunionsancthesystem'sheaviestusers-hasfinallyagreedonaplan

tofixthesystem.LegislationismovingthroughIneHousethatwou1dsaveUSPSan

estimated$28.6billionoverfiveyears,whichcoulchelppayfornewvehicles,among

othersurvivalmeasures.Mostofthemoneywouldcomefromapenny-per-letter

permanentrateincreaseandfromshiftingpostalretireesintoMedicare.Theletter

stepwouldlargelyoffsetthefinancialburdencfannuallypre-fundingretiree

healthcare,thusaddressingalong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunion.

IfitclearstheHouse,thismeasurewouldstillhavetogetthroughtheSenate

-wheresomeoneisboundtopointoutthatitamountstothebare,baremirimum

necessarytokeepthePostalServiceafloat,notcomprehensivereform.There'sno

changetocollectivebargainingattheUSPS,amajoromissionconsideringthat

personnelaccountsfor80percentoftheagency'scosts.Alsomissingisany

discussionofeliminatingSaturdayletterdelivery.Thatcommon-sensechangeerjoys

widepublicsupportandwouldsavetheUSPS$2billionperyear.Butpostal

special-interestgroupsseemtohavekilledit,atleastintheHouse.Theemerging

consensusaroundthebillisasignthatlegislatcrsaregettingfrightenedabout

apoliticallyembarrassingshort-termcollapseattheUSPS.Itisnot,however,a

signthatthey'regettingseriousabouttransformingthepostalsystemforthe21st

century.

36.【题干】ThefinancialproblemwiththeUSPSiscausedpartlyby.

【选项】

A.itsunbalancedbudget.

B.itsrigidmanagement.

C.thecostfortechnicalupgrading.

D.thewithdrawalofbanksupport.

37.【题干】Accordingt3Paragraph2,theUSPSfailstomodernizeitselfdueto___.

【选项】

A.theinterferencefrominterestgroups.

B.theinadequatefundingfromCongress.

C.theshrinkingdemandforpostalservice.

D.theincompetenceofpostalunions.

38.【题干】Thelong-standingcomplaintbytheUSESanditsunionscanbeaddressed

by_____•

【选项】

A.removingitsburdenofretireehealthcare.

B.makingmoreinvestmentinnewvehicles.

C.adoptinganewrate-increasemechanism.

D.attractingmorefirst-classmailusers.

39.【题干】Inthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstoviewlegislatorswith.

【选项】

A.respect.

B.tolerance.

C.discontent.

D.gratitude.

40.【题干】Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

【选项】

A.TheUSPSStartstoMissItsGoodOldDays

B.ThePostalService:KeepAwayfromMyCheese

C.TheUSPS:ChronicIllnessRequiresaQuickCure

D.ThePostalServiceNeedsMorethanaBand-Aid

PartB

Directions:

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youare

requiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfrom

thelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeen

correctlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A].InDecemberof1869,Congressappointedacommissiontoselectasiteand

prepareplansandcostestimatesforanewStateDepartmentBuilding.Thecommission

wasalsotoconsiderpossiblearrangementsfortheWarandNavyDepartments.Tothe

horrorofsomewhoexpectedaGreekRevivaltwinoftheTreasuryBuildingtobe

erectedontheothersideoftheWhiteHouse,theelaborateFrenchSecondEmpire

styledesignbyAlfredVullettwasselected,andconstructionofabuildingtobouse

allthreedepartmentsbeganinJuneof1871.

[B].Completedin1875,theStateDepartment/ssouthwingwasthefirsttobe

occupied,withitselegantfour-storylibrary(completedin1876),Diplomatic

ReceptionRoom,andSecretary*sofficedecoratedwithcarvedwood,Orientalrugs,

andstenciledwallpatterns.TheNavyDepartmentmovedintotheeastwingin1879,

whereelaboratewallandceilingstencilingandmarquetryfloorsdecoratedthe

officeoftheSecretary.

[C].TheState,War,andNavyBuilding,asitwasoriginallyknown,housedthe

threeExecutiveBranchDepartmentsmostintimatelyassociatedwithformulatingand

conductingthenation'sforeignpolicyinthelastquarterofthenineteenthcentury

andthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury-theperiodwhentheUnitedStates

emergedasaninternationalpower.Thebuildinghashousedsomeofthenation5smost

significantdiplomatsandpoliticiansandhasbeenthesceneofmanyhistoricevents.

[D].Manyofthemostcelebratednationalfigureshaveparticipatedin

historicaleventsthathavetakenplacewithintheEEOB'sgranitewalls.Theodore

andFranklinD.Roosevelt,WilliamHowardTaft,DwightD.Eisenhower,LyndenB.

Johnson,GeraldFord,andGeorgeH.W.Bushallhadofficesinthisbuildingbefore

becomingpresident.Ithashoused16SecretariesoftheNavy,21SecretariesofWar,

and24SecretariesofState.WinstonChurchilloncewalkeditscorridorsandJapanese

emissariesmetherewithSecretaryofStateCordel1Hui1afterthebombingofPearl

Harbor.

[E].TheEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuiIding(EEOB)commandsauniqueposition

inboththenationalhistoryandthearchitecturalheritageoftheUnitedStates.

DesignedbySupervisingArchitectoftheTreasury,AlfredB.Muilett,itwasbuilt

from1871to1888tohousethegrowingstaffsoftheState,War,andNavyDepartments,

andisconsideredoneofthebestexamplesofFrenchSecondEmpirearchitecturein

thecountry.

[FLConstructiontook17yearsasthebuildingslowlyrosewingbywing.When

theEEOBwasfinished,itwasthelargestofficebuildinginWashington,withnearly

2milesofblackandwhitetiledcorridors.Almostal1oftheinteriordetai1is

ofcastironorplaster;theuseofwoodwasminimizedtoinsurefiresafety.Eight

monumentalcurvingstaircasesofgranitewithover4,000individuallycastbronze

balustersarecappedbyfourskylightdomesandtwostainedglassrotundas.

[G].ThehistoryoftheEEOBbeganlongbeforeitsfoundationswerelaid.The

firstexecutiveofficeswereconstructedbetween1799and1820.Aseriesoffires

(includingthosesetbytheBritishin1814)andovercrowdedconditionsledtothe

constructionoftheexistingTreasuryBuilding.In1866,theconstructionofthe

NorthWingoftheTreasuryBuildingnecessitatedthedemolitionoftheState

Departmentbuilding.

41.【答案】E

【解析】诸多选项中都出现了EEOB这个简称，那么就意味着这个专有名词一定会先有

交代它的全称，再出现简称，这里只有D选项符合。

42.【答案】G

【解析】选项中有诸多时间，因此这篇文章很可能有明显的时间线，而G出现了关

键词ThehistoryoftheEEOB

43.【答案】A

【解析】InDecemberof1869,出现了早日勺时间，并且文章内容说国会选址开始建，

符合逻辑

44【答案】B

【解析】F段中说到了建了，一边接一边修建，B口出现完成Completedin1875,符

合逻辑

45.【答案】D

【解析】讲完了建筑特色，再说诸多名人在其中发生的历史事件，符合逻辑

PartCTranslation

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

Chinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

46)BythedateofhisbirthEuropewaswitnessingthepassingofthereligiousdrama,

andthecreationofnewformsundertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyandcomedy.

【解析】本句主干为Eurcpewaswitnessingthepassingandthecreation。句首bythe

dateofhisbirth,考察代词指代，回上文可知为：莎士比亚。undertheincentiveof

classicaltragedyandcomedy为定语,修饰thecreation0

【参照译文】莎士比亚出生之时，宗教戏剧在欧洲正逐渐消灭，而在经典悲剧和戏剧的激发

下，这里正在形成多种新的戏剧形式。

47)noboywhowenttoagrammarschoolcouldbeignorantthatthedramawasaform

ofliteraturewhichgaveglorytoGreeceandRomeandmightyetbringhonorto

England.

【解析】本句口勺主干为：noboycouldbeignorantthat.,意思为:没有人会不了解.

可以翻译成：人都了解...。whowenttoagrammarschool为定语从句，修饰noboy,可

此前置翻译为：去文法学校的人都了解..一。之后为that引导H勺宾语从句，宾语从句的主

干为thedramawasaformofliterature,之后为which引导时定语从句,修饰aformof

literature,定语从句中mightyetdo意思为:迟早会...，定语从句可采用后置的翻译措

施：它已经给希腊和罗马带来了荣耀，也可能会给英国带来荣耀。

【参照译文】那些去文法学校的人都懂得，戏剧是文学的一种形式，它已经给希腊和罗马带

来了荣耀，也迟早会给英国带来荣耀。

48)Buttheprofessionalcompani