GrammarandFunction

1、外研版 高二年级(必修5) Module 2,Module 2 A Job Worth Doing,Grammar,Match the sentences with the names of the tenses.,past simple past perfect past continuous,He survived. He was driving a lorry. He had had lots of jobs.,Read the sentences and discuss the questions.,a. Which tense refers to actions in the pas

2、t? b. Which tense refers to an action in progress when another thing happened? c. Which tense refers to something which happened before something else?,1. Before he volunteered to direct traffic, Timoteo had had lots of jobs. 2. He was driving a lorry when he came off the road. 3. Somehow he survive

3、d.,c,b,a,1. 表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示一般过去的时间状语连用。 He lived here three years ago. 他三年前住在这里。,一般过去时用法,2. 表示在过去一段时间内, 经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我小的时候, 常在街上踢足球。,3. 用在Its time/I wish/Id rather + that-clause句型中,以及某些条件。句中表示虚拟, 这些句型描述的情况往往与现在事实相反。 How I wish every

4、family had a large house with a beautiful garden!,4. 可以根据上下文的语境要求,使用 一般过去时。 - Long time to see! Havent you graduated from college? - Yes. I studied English for four years in Nanjing.,过去进行时主要用来表示在过去延续了一段时间的动作。 They were expecting you yesterday.他们昨天一直在等你。,过去进行时用法,2. 有时不与时间状语连用时,可以表示逐渐的发展。 It was getti

5、ng darker. The wind was rising. 3. 有时可以用一个句子来表示时间状语。 When I arrived, Tom was talking on the phone.,1. 表示某动作或状态在过去某时间或某动作之前已经完成。 句中常用by引导的时间状语或以before, until, when, than 等引导的含有一般过去时的时间状语从句。,过去完成时的用法,By 5:00 yesterday morning we had finished that work. 到昨天早上5点钟时, 我们已经做完了工作。,2. 表示某动作或状态在过去某时刻前已 经开始, 持续

6、到这一过去时间, 并可能 持续下去。 John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage. 约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。,3. 用在if引导的与过去事实相反的条件句以及wish, as if引导的从句中。 If she had worked hard, she would have succeeded. 要是她努力的话, 她就会成功了。 (事实上她没努力,也没成功。),4. 常用hardly/scarcely/barely. when.,；no sooner .than.等结构中, 表示“刚刚就

7、”。 Hardly had he begun to speak, the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲, 听众就打断了他。,5. intend, think, hope, want, mean等动词用过去完成时, 表示过去未曾实现的打算或意图。 I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. 我本来打算今年好好休个假, 但是我不能离开了。,Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night. Mary was writ

8、ing a letter to her friend last night.,They had done the work at five oclock. They did the work at five oclock.,1. Were you surprised by the ending of the film? No. I _ the book, so I already knew the story. A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read,Practice,2. I was just going to cut my

9、 rose bushes but someone _ it. Was it you? A. has done B. had done C. would do D. will do,3. I walked slowly through the market, where people _ all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold,4. Have you fi

10、nished reading Jane Eyre? No, I _ my homework all day yesterday. A. was doing B. would do C. has done D. do,5. Excuse me. I _ I was blocking your way. A. didnt realize B. dont realize C. havent realized D. wasnt realizing,6. The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _ on the market

11、 in 1973. A. had come B. has come C. came D. comes,Function Making deductions about the past,英语中, 表示对过去某种情况进行推测或对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行推测时, 常用情态动词must, may (might), can(could), should (ought to), would等have过去分词表示。依据说话人的语气或推测的把握程度不同, 使用的情态动词也不同。,“情态动词have过去分词”的用法,1. musthave过去分词 表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态的肯定判断。用于肯定的陈述

12、句中(在否定句及疑问句中用can代替must), 意思是“一定已经”。 If he had really been there, I must have seen him.,2. can (could)have过去分词 表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态的否定或疑问判断。 Where can he have gone? 他可能去哪里了呢? Jim cant have been at home yesterday. 吉姆昨天不可能在家。,3. may/mighthave过去分词 表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态进行的不肯定的推测, 语气比使用can (could)弱。might的语气比may更弱。

13、 She may have read the book. He might not have got your letter.,4. needhave过去分词 常用于否定句, 表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情, 表示“本来不必”。 You neednt have told him the news. 你没有必要告诉他那消息。,5. should/ought tohave过去分词 肯定式表示“过去本应做某事(但没做)”;否定式表示“过去不该做某事(但做了)”,含有不满或责备之意。 Youre right. I should have thought of that. She ought to

14、have come earlier.,6. wouldhave过去分词 表示过去本来要做某事却因某种原因未做, 用来说明某种情况, 不含有责备之意。 I would have written to you earlier but I have been ill. 我本来要早点给你写信, 但我生病了。,If I had seen the advertisement, I would have applied for the job. 我要是看见那个广告了, 我就申请那份工作了。,1. “When I was younger, I worked as a miner.” “That _ have

15、been hard.” 2. Im surprised David didnt apply for the job. He _ have seen the advertisement.,Practice,Complete the sentences with must, cant or might.,must,cant,3. “Wheres Sam?” “I dont know. He _ have gone to the meeting.” 4. I dont know why the manager didnt reply. He _ not have received our lette

16、r. 5. Jackie looks happy. They _ have increased his salary. 6. The secretary wasnt listening. She _ have heard what I said.,might,might,must,cant,A: I visited China last year B: That _ very interesting. A: Not really. I still had to look after a group of French children who were visiting China. B: T

17、hat _ easy!,Complete the dialogue with the correct words and phrases.,must have been,cant have been,A: No, it was a nightmare. B: They _ have got lost, or had an accident. A: Yes, but luckily there were no disasters. I managed somehow.,might,1. John _ a better job, but he was too careless. A. should

18、 do B. must have done C. could do D. could have done 2. - I dont know why he is late. - Nor do I. He _ have had an accident. A. can B. should C. might D. must,3. He must have seen the inspector last night, _ he? A. mustnt B. hasnt C. didnt D. doesnt 4. -Mary looks sad. Did you tell her about the accident? -Yes, but I _ have told her. A. should B. shouldnt C. must D. ought to not,5. The playground is all wet. It _ rained last night. A. had B. can have C. should have D. must have 6. We _ have hurried. We had to wait twenty minute