新编英语教程4 unit6

1、Unit 6,Text I Predators, Parasites and Other Relationships,Text II Slaughter of the Elephant,Text I Text II Oral Work Guided Writing Listening,Pre-reading Activity Structure Vocabulary Acquisition Intensive Reading Answer the Questions Orally,Text 1: Predators, Parasites and Other Relationships,Look

2、 up the following words in the dictionary. What subjects do you think this text is about? What type of writing is it? What do you anticipate?,Text I,Pre-reading Activity,Predators, Parasites and Other Relationships,1. Predator: a wild animal that lives on other animals by killing and eating them Par

3、asite: a plant or animal that lives on or in another and gets food from it Ecosystem: a system which relates all the plants, animals and people in an area to their surroundings 2. The title of the text strongly suggests that it is an expository piece of writing on ecology.,Text I,Pre-reading Activit

4、y,Predators, Parasites and Other Relationships,This is Earth and Sky. When you look at a farm or a ranch, you might think to yourself, thats where _ or _ products come from. You might see _ that goes into clothing, or wood for paper, construction or fuel. But Scott Swinton, agricultural economist fr

5、om Michigan State University sees more. He knows that agricultural lands_ air and water, _ greenhouse gases, and provide _ for wild plants and animals. These extra _ are ones that some ecologists have called ecosystem services. And ecosystem services are really just things that ecosystems provide th

6、at humans care about and that we like. Ecosystem services may not be bought and sold in a marketplace. But they have _. Swinton is planning a survey of Michigan citizens to ask what theyd pay for ecosystem services such as reduced erosion or runoff or more greenhouse gas storage. Its part of an effo

7、rt to understand the value on ecosystem services. Swinton also wants to understand how _ farming practices affect the ecosystem services that a piece of land provides. And then finally with those kinds of things understood, we can think about designing policy _ for farmers to produce more of these e

8、cosystem services.,Text I,Listening Practice,corn,dairy,cotton,filter,store,habitat,benefits,value,specific,incentives,Now, please underline the key words or phrases.,Text I,List of key words of each paragraph,1. Predators include lions, wolves, robins, frogs, humans, etc. 2. Humans are the greatest

9、 predators known 3. Predators do not really have an easy time killing defenseless prey.,Now, please underline the key words or phrases.,Text I,List of key words of each paragraph,4. Parasites often spend an entire lifetime with their hosts. 5. Man makes use of predators and parasites to control the

10、number of some pests. This is called biological control. 6. Parasites and their hosts are closely associated with each other, and that is an example of symbiosis.,Text I,Structure,To support a generalization with a specific case,To support an abstraction with a concrete instance,To develops his mate

11、rial by offering examples and details,To use the common method Of illustrating an idea by examples,Text I,Vocabulary Acquisition,Write down the definition of each word that fits the context.,carnivore (L.4) prey on (L.17) superb (L.25) array (L.13) species (L.25) ad infinitum (L.38) deliberately (l.

12、42),A flesh-eating animal,Hunt an animal of any kind,excellent,A collection,A group of plants or animals of the same kind,Without end, forever (Latin),On purpose, intentionally,Some predators, carnivores such as lions,1. A flesh-eating animal. 食肉动物 2. Any of various predatory, flesh-eating mammals o

13、f the order Carnivora, including the dogs, cats, bears, weasels, hyenas, and raccoons. 食肉动物：食肉目各种食肉性哺乳动物的一种，包括狗、猫、熊、鼬、鬣狗以及浣熊 3. An insectivorous plant. 食虫植物,n. adj. carnivorous,Sometimes individual predators do prey upon farm animals,v. on / upon 1. To hunt, catch, or eat as prey: 捕食 2. To victimize

14、 or make a profit at someone elses expense. 使成为牺牲品：使成为牺牲品或以损害他人谋利 3. To plunder or pillage. 抢劫或抢夺 4. To exert a baneful or injurious effect: 折磨，使痛苦,prey: v. quarry. 捕获物，猎物 2. One that is defenseless, especially in the face of attack; a victim. 牺牲品 3. The act or practice of preying. 捕猎，捕食,词组： 1) be b

15、ecome, fall a prey to 成了.的受害者, 受.的折磨 2) easy prey 容易捕获的猎物; 容易上钩者; 头脑简单的人 3) make a prey of 把.当作食物猎获物 4) seek after ones prey 寻食; 寻求战利品,prey upon,Please translate: 我不知道在动物世界里是否总是弱肉强食。 I dont know if it is always the case in the animal world that stronger animals prey upon the weaker ones.,People usua

16、lly believe that predators have an easy time of it, killing defenseless prey.,Please paraphrase: People usually think that predators do not have to make an effort to kill the prey animals, since they prey have no means of protecting themselves., strength and size, and formidable claws and teeth,form

17、idable: adj. 1) Arousing fear, dread, or alarm: 可怕的：引起恐惧或忧虑的： E.g. the formidable prospect of major surgery. 2) Inspiring awe, admiration, or wonder: 不可思议的：引起敬畏、钦佩或惊奇的： 3) Difficult to undertake, surmount, or defeat: 难对付的：难以完成、克服或对付的： E.g. a formidable challenge; a formidable opponent.,My experience

18、 shows quite the contrary -the tiger has to work quiet hard for its meals, I estimate that, for every wild prey killed, the tiger makes twenty to thirty unsuccessful attempts.,Please paraphrase: What I have gone through proves quiet opposite, i.e., the tiger has to make a real effort to get somethin

19、g to cat. I would say that in order to catch one wild animal, the tiger has to try to make twenty to thirty attempts.,If the wolf could capture prime, healthy prey, it,prime most important synonym main e.g. 吸烟是引起肺病的主要原因。 Smoking is the prime cause of lung disease. 我们主要关切是为所有毕业生提供工作岗位。 Our prime conc

20、ern is providing jobs for all the graduates. 2. of the very best quality or kind The hotel is in a prime location overlooking the valley. 3. be a prime candidate/target (for something) Old people are a prime target for thieves. 4. prime example Blakey Hall is a prime example of a 19th century buildi

21、ng.,So, naturalists observe, a flea Hath smaller fleas than he on him prey; And these have smaller still to bite em, And so proceed ad infinitum.,Please paraphrase: Naturalists have observed that fleas have smaller fleas living on and feeding off them, and these have even smaller fleas on them. This

22、 phenomenon continues almost indefinitely.,扁虱,fungi: n. 真菌, 菌类 singular : fungus bacteria: n. 细菌 singular: bacterium adj. bacteria-free 无菌的 flatworm: n. 扁形虫 tick: n.动扁虱 mite: n. 螨类,Since there are many parasitic fungi, bacteria, flatworms, insects, ticks, and mites.,mongoose,in hopes that 希望着,In the

23、 hope of 希望能 e.g. We came to the island in the hope of finding a simpler way of life. in vain hope 幻想地, 空想地 last hope 最后的希望或被寄托最后希望的人 live in hope(s) 仍然希望情况会好转 lose all hope(s) 完全失望,elm spanworm,bluebird, controlling the importation of plants and animals to the U.S.,importation: n. 反：exportation The

24、 act or business of importing. 进口：进口的生意或行为 The condition or process of being imported. 进口：进口的状态或过程 3. Something imported; an import. 输入物，进口货,词组： duty-free importation 免税进口 foreign capital importation 引进外资 unilateral importation exportation 单边进出口,Fish caller remoras attach themselves to sharks. They

25、get a free ride and eat fragments of the sharks food.,Please paraphrase: Remoras, a type of fish, cling themselves to sharks, go where the sharks go and eat bits of sharks food.,There are many other commensal relationships in the sea.,commensal : adj. & n. Adj. Of, relating to, or characterized by a

26、 symbiotic relationship in which one species is benefited while the other is unaffected. 共栖的，共生的 n. An organism participating in a symbiotic relationship in which one species derives some benefit while the other is unaffected. 共生生物,animals that depend on the host for shelter or food scraps.,scrape:

27、n. junk. 废弃；抛弃,The organism that make up a lichen couldnt survive long apart.,Please paraphrase: The organisms that a lichen is composed of could not live long separately.,1. Why is the killing of elephants in some areas necessary? 2. Why do some hunters refuse to school an elephant? 3. Why is the p

28、lanned mass slaughter of five thousand elephants in the Tsavo Game Park justified? 4. In what way is an elephant different from other animals? 5. What is humane about the method used for killing elephants? 6. What does” the affairs of men” mean? 7. What is the authors attitude towards the slaughter

29、of the elephants? What do you think of this attitude?,Text II,Extensive Reading Questions,Slaughter of the Elephants,Important words:,Slaughter Contemplate (L.2) Understandable (L.3) Beast (L. 3) Fascination (L.4) Magnificent (L.5) Tread (L.6) Death throes (L.8) Justification (L.12) Massacre (L. 12)

30、 air-to-ground radio (L. 17) fatal / instantaneously (L.19) humane (L.20),Retreat (L.21) Density (L.23) Allocate (L.24) Diminish (L.25) Encroach (L.26) Altitude (L.29) Appetite (L.30) Spray (L.36) Drift (L.42),Text II,Practice,Workbook, Page 81, Comprehension,Oral Work,For or Against? Chen Ling and

31、Yuan Hua are roommates. Chen Ling has read an article in todays newspaper on “For or Against Killing wolves”. Chen tells Yuan about it and, as they have different opinions, they begin to argue.,Oral Work,A Discussion on the Nuclear Power Station Here are some expressions which can be used to show di

32、sagreement:,I dont think so. But it/ you cant be You are wrong. It certainly isnt I never. / I dont agree./ Thats not true. / Thats not the point. Why should they.? I doubt if that would work. What do you say to the argument that?,Prcis Writing Paragraph Writing Letter Writing,Guided Writing,Prcis W

33、riting,Practice: write prcis of Atomic Cars,Working in groups of two or three, choose the opening sentence from among the following on P75. Working in groups and decide which of the following details are necessary for the prcis.,Paragraph Writing,Argument: P75,What is the usage of argument? How many

34、 courses are there in an argument?,Letter Writing,Asking a Favor: P76,Write a letter asking a favor. Writer, Addressee, Introduction, Purpose, Conclusion, Ending,Listening Comprehension Dictation,Listening,Listening,Dictation A,Useful Words and Expressions: * visual artist 视觉艺术家 * selection n. 选择, 挑

35、选 * countless adj. 无数的, 数不尽的 * exceptional adj. 例外的, 异常的 a man of exceptional talent具有特殊才能的人 exceptional weather异常的气候 exceptional promotion破格提升 * motion n . 运动, 动作 * response n. 响应, 反应 call forth no response in sbs breast 在某人心中不起反应 in response to 响应, 反应 make no response 不回答 * indicate vt. 显示, 象征 * c

36、ontemporary adj. 当代的, 同时代的 * without reference to adv. 不论, 与无关,Listening,Dictation A,Artists Every artist knows in his heart that he is saying something to the public. Not only does he want to say it well, but he wants it to be something which has not been said before. What visual artists, like pain

37、ters, want to say is easy to make out but difficult to explain, because painters translate their experiences into shapes and colors, not words. They seem to feel that a certain se1ection of shapes and colors, out of the countless billions possible, is exceptionally interesting for them and worth sho

38、wing to us. Most artists take their shapes and colors from the world of nature and from human bodies in motion and response；their choices indicate that these aspects of the world are worth looking at, that they contain beautiful sights. Contemporary artists might say that they merely choose subjects

39、 that provide an interesting pattern, that there is nothing more in it. Yet even they do not choose entirely without reference to the character of their subjects. (156 words),Listening,Dictation B,Useful Words and Expressions: * professional adj. 专业的, 职业的 professional knowledge专业知识 professional men专家(尤指医生、律师等) a professional singer职业歌唱家 * be named for被指定作 * resident n. 居民 * enthusiastically adv. 热心地, 狂热地 * stand for v . 代表, 象征 * be short for是的简称 * association