大学英语第三册U4课件

1、UnitFourAFansNotes,BackgroundInformation,Theauthor-BillPlaschke(bornonApril2,1956)BillPlaschkeisaU.S.journalistwhohasbeenawriterfortheLosAngelesTimessince1987.HewasborninLouisville,Kentucky.HeattendedLouisvillesBallardHighSchool.Hereceivedabachelorsdegreeinmasscommunicationsin1980fromSouthernIllinoi

2、sUniversity-EdwardsvilleinEdwardsville,Illinois.Currentlyheisoneofthepanelistsonthesports-themedshowAroundtheHornonESPN.HeisalsoamemberoftheBaseballWritersAssociationofAmericaandtheProfessionalFootballWritersAssociation.Inhiscareerasasportswriter,Plaschkehasbeennamed“NationalSportsColumnistoftheYear

3、”bytheAssociatedPress.HehasbeennominatedforaPulitzerPrize.,BackgroundInformation,BaseballBaseballisasportthatissopopularintheUnitedStatesthatitisoftencalledthenationalpastime.Everyspringandsummer,millionsofpeoplethroughoutthecountryplaythisexciting“batandballgame.”Millionsalsowatchbaseballgamesandcl

4、oselyfollowtheprogressoftheirfavoriteteamsandplayers.Thereareorganizedbaseballteamsforeveryagegroupfrom6-year-oldstoadults.Theteamsthatattractthemostinterestarethoseofthetwomajorleagues:theAmericanLeagueandtheNationalLeague.Theseteamsaremadeupofmenwhorankastheworldsbestplayers.Everyyear,about50milli

5、onpeopleflocktoballparkstowatchmajorleaguebaseballgames.Manymoremillionswatchgamesontelevision,listentothemonradio,readabouttheminnewspapers,anddiscussthemwiththeirfriends.,BackgroundInformation,LosAngelesDodgersTheLosAngelesDodgersisamajorleaguebaseballteaminLosAngeles,California.TheyareintheWester

6、nDivisionoftheNationalLeague.TheteamoriginatedinBrooklyn,NewYork,whereitwasknownastheBrooklynDodgersbeforemovingtoLosAngelesforthe1958season.,BackgroundInformation,CerebralPalsyItisadisabilitycausedbybraindamagebeforeorduringbirthorinthefirstfewyearsafterbirth,resultinginalossofvoluntarymuscularcont

7、rolandcoordination.Althoughtheexactcauseisunknown,apparentpredisposingfactorsincludediseases(e.g.rubella,genitalherpessimplex),verylowinfantbirthweight(lessthan3.3lb1.5kg),andinjuryorphysicalabuse,etc.Maternalsmoking,alcoholconsumption,andingestionofcertaindrugscanalsocontributetothedisease.Mostcase

8、sareassociatedwithprenatalproblemsandabout10%ofthecasesarethoughttobeduetooxygendeficiencyduringthebirthprocess.Theseverityoftheafflictionisdependentontheextentofthebraindamage.Thosewithmildcasesmayhaveonlyafewaffectedmuscles,whileseverecasescanresultintotallossofcoordinationorparalysis.,Warm-UpQues

9、tion,Warm-UpQuestion,Doyouknowanydisabledpersonswhoareverysuccessful?Pleaselookatthepicturesonthepreviouspageandworkingroupstointroducethem.Whatsyourfeelingwhenyouseethedisabledwhoaredoingsomethingdifficultforthem?Withoutusingyourhandsandfeet,couldyouimaginesomeotherwaystotypeonacomputer?Whatdoyoukn

10、owaboutcerebralpalsy?,GlobeReading.1.1,PartDivisionoftheText,Theauthorwasimpressedbyane-mailfromaDodgersfan.,HowdidtherelationshipbetweentheauthorandSarahMorrisstartandgoon?,SarahMorrishadagreatinfluenceontheauthor.,Line.9,1.Analyzethestructureofthesentence.Itisaninvertedsentencewiththenegativeword“

11、little”atthebeginning.2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.一点也没有想到这一封信引出了一段非同寻常的来往。,Line.15,1.Paraphrasethesentence.WheneverIappearfriendly,peopletakeadvantageofmeandwantmetohelpthemgetajob.2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.我每次对人微笑一下，人家就向我要一份工作。,Line.18,Whatis“it”referredto?“It”refersto“Sarahsdream.Par

12、aphrasethesentence.yetwasonlyonestepfromrealizingherdream,Line.30,1.Analyzethestructureofthesentence.“Soherewasaphysicallyhandicappedwoman”isaninvertedstructure,thenaturalorderis“Aphysicallyhandicappedwomanwashere.”Both“covering”and“writing”arepresentparticiplephrasesusedtomodify“woman”.2.Translatet

13、hesentenceintoChinese.所以，这里是一个身体残疾的妇女，她对道奇队的报道之广泛不亚于美国任何一个记者，可她却在为一个几乎不为人知的网站写作，网站的名字很怪很难记，读者大概有两个人。,Line74,1.Whatdoes“one”referto?ItreferstoLoisMorrisshand.2.Whatcanyouinferfrom“mysmoothhand”and“awornone”?WecanlearnthatLoisMorrismustbelivingahardlifecomparedwiththeauthor.TranslatethesentenceintoChi

14、nese.在像她所称的那种情况下，有谁能没有最好的设备和帮助而报道一个棒球队呢？,Line79,1.Whatdoesthissentenceimply?Buthowradiant,howdazzlingthatsmileis!TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.可她那微笑里充满了光芒！,Line.96,Analyzethestructureofthesentence.Theparticipialphrase“watchingwillread”modifiesthemainclause“Irealizednow”Paraphrase“Ihadfoundthatfigh

15、t.”Ihadbeenlookingforafightandfoundone,thoughitwasnotwithSarahasIhadexpected,butwithmyself.,Line.103,1.Whatdoes“SarahMorrishadbroughtmeback”mean?SarahMorrishadmademegiveupcynicismandreturntomyformerpositiveattitude.2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.在一个远离这种怀疑的地方，一个心智充满神奇的萨拉莫里斯帮我找回了信任。,inone(some,many

16、,that)respect(s):,usedtosaythatsth.istrueinoneway,insomeways,etc.Inmanyrespectsthenewversionisnotasgoodastheoldone.Mumisverystubborn,andKimtakesafterherinthatrespect.Collocations:inonerespect/insomerespects在某一（些）方面inrespectofsth关于某事物；就某方面而言,takesb.totask,criticizesb.severely(forsth.)Shetookthegovern

17、menttotaskoveritseconomicrecord.我因迟到而受批评.Iwastakentotaskforarriving,atleast：,1)nolessthanaparticularnumberoramount他至少等了一小时。Hewaitedforatleastanhour.2)evenifsth.betterisnottrueorisnotdoneYoumightatleastanswer.她是反应慢了点,但无论如何她很可靠。Shemaybeslowbutatleastshesreliable.Collocations:intheleast根本，丝毫leastofall尤

18、其不，最不,impress:v.,1)makesomeonefeeladmirationandrespectSteveborrowedhisdadssportscartoimpresshisgirlfriend.Pattern:impresssb.with/bysth.Wewereveryimpressedbythestandardofwork.2)maketheimportanceofsth.cleartosomeoneIimpressedonhimtheimportanceofhardwork.,catchoneseye：,1)attractsomeonesattentionandmake

19、themlookatsthOutonthefreeway,abillboardcaughthiseye.Thebeautifulscenerycaughthereyeswhenshewasdrivingalongthenaturalpark.2)lookatsomeoneatthesamemomentthattheyarelookingatyouEverytimeshecaughthiseye,shewouldglanceaway.,handicap,Notspeakingthelanguageisarealhandicap.,1.n.aphysicalormentaldisability;a

20、situationthatmakesitdifficultforsomeonetodowhattheywant,2.v.,makeitdifficultforsomeonetodosth.thattheywantorneedtodo,Thecharityishandicappedbylackoffunds.,disabled,handicappedapartnerorcolleague.,Theyarebusinessassociates.,2.v.makeaconnectioninyourmindbetweenonethingorpersonandanother,“我怎么总把查特顿与秋天联想

21、在一起”(约翰济慈)。,“IalwayssomehowassociateChattertonwithautumn.”,IalwaysassociateForrestGumpwithgoodluck.,3.adj.someonewhoisamember,etc.ofsth.,butwhoisatalowerlevelandhasfewerrights,Afterthreeyears,hewaspromotedtoassociateprofessor.,average:,.,1.v.usuallydosth.orusuallyhappenaparticularnumberoftimes,orusu

22、allybeaparticularsizeoramount,这个湖的水不是特别深，大约平均12米左右。,Thewaterinthelakeisnotparticularlydeep,averagingabout12metres.,Theairportaveragesaboutathousandflightsamonth.,2.adj.theaverageamountistheamountyougetwhenyouaddtogetherseveralquantitiesanddividethisbythetotalnumberofquantities;havingqualitiesthatare

23、typicalofmostpeopleorthings,Theaveragecostofmakingamoviehasrisenby15%.,Thecarswerebeingsoldatanaveragepriceof$11,000.,average:,.,3.n.theamountcalculatedbyaddingtogetherseveralquantities,andthendividingthisamountbythetotalnumberofquantities,Theaverageof3,8and10is7.,Collocations:,onaverage,above/below

24、average,平均,高于/低于平均水平,fancy:adj.,havingalotofdecorationorbrightcolors,ormadeinacomplicatedway;expensiveandfashionable,Itsreallyafancydinner.,Harrytookmetoafancyrestaurantforouranniversary.,cover:v.,1)reportthedetailsofaneventforanewspaperoratelevisionorradioprogramme,IdjustreturnedfromcoveringtheCamb

25、odianwar.,TheCBNnewstonightcoveredtheLebanonwar.,2)travelaparticulardistance,Theywerehopingtocover40milesyesterday.,Aleopardcancoveralotofgroundveryquickly.,3)includeordealwithaparticularsubjectorgroupofthings,Thereportcoversmanyaspectsofstudentscampuslife.,“Exercise”isawordwhichcoversavastrangeofac

26、tivities.,sowhat,usedtotellsomeonethatsth.doesnotmatter,Sowhatifwerealittlelate?,“Shemighttellsomeone.”“Sowhat?Noonewillbelieveher.”,NB:,在英语中，与what连用的短语还有：,(and)whatsmore另外，还有,what(.)for?为何目的，为何理由,whatif.?要是会怎么样呢？,affect:v,1)dosth.thatproducesaneffectorchangeinsth.orinsomeonessituation,Thetaxincreas

27、eshaveaffectedusall.,加税已经影响了我们大家。,Highstressjobsmayaffectyourhealth.,他们的意见不会影响我的决定.,Theiropinionwillnotaffectmydecision.,2)makesomeonefeelstrongemotions,Weweredeeplyaffectedbythenewsofherdeathinabombing.,decay,1.v.,1)beslowlydestroyedbyanaturalchemicalprocess,ortomakesth.dothis,Herbodywasalreadystar

28、tingtodecay.,Sugardecaysyourteeth.,2)ifbuildings,structures,orareasdecay,theirconditiongraduallybecomesworse,Hundredsofhistoricbuildingsaredecaying.,Britainsdecayinginnercities,3)iftraditionalbeliefs,standards,etc.decay,peopledonotbelieveinthemorsupportthemanymore,InOrthodoxEurope,massreligionseemst

29、ohavedecayedless.,2.n.thenaturalchemicalchangethatcausestheslowdestructionofsth.,Hehasgotatoothdecay.,curlup,movesothatyouarelyingorsittingwithonesbackcurvedandoneslegsdrawnupclosetothebody,Ijustwantedtocurlupandgotosleep.,那个小孩蜷曲在沙发里看书。,Thechildcurledupinanarmchairtoread.,cutthrough:,Collocations:,c

30、utthrough:gostraightthrough,penetrate;overcomeorbypass(difficulties,etc.),Iusuallycutthroughthecarparktogettowork.,Youneedsomeonetohelpyoucutthroughalltheirritatinglegaljargon.,cutback,cutin,cutdowntosize,cutloose,cutnoice,cutshort,削减；缩减,插入（未按正常顺序地进入一排人或事物）；打断,使有自知之明,摆脱,不起作用，没有影响,缩减；缩短,temple:n.,1)(

31、usuallyplural)oneofthetwofairlyflatareasoneachsideofyourforehead,Herubbedhispalmacrossthetemples.,2)abuildingwherepeoplegotoworship,intheJewish,Hindu,Buddhist,Sikh,andMormonreligions,Everymonthshegoestothetemplenearthecity.,callup,1)makethecomputerdisplay(information)HecalledupthestatisticsontheInte

32、rnet.Icalleduptheirwebsite,butitdidnthavetheinformationIwaslookingfor.2)officiallyordersomeonetojointhearmy,navy,orairforce由于战争危机，政府征召后备役军人服役。Duetothewarcrisis,thestatecalledupreservetroopsforactiveduty.3)causeonetoremember;bringtomind“YesterdayOnceMore”isabeautifulsongwhichcancalluppeoplesoldtimes.

33、,callup,4)(informal,especiallyAmericanEnglish)telephonesomeoneHecalledmeuptotellmeabouttheresultoftheEuropeanCup.Imgoingtocallupandcancelmysubscription.,Collocations:,callinquestion,calldown,callforth,calloff,质疑：对提出疑问,招致，使降临,使产生；引起,取消,addto,increase(sth.)insize,number,amount,etc.;saymoreaboutsth.tha

34、thasjustbeensaidThisshowwillnodoubtaddtohisgrowingreputation.我对我先前说的话,没有什么要补充的。IhavenothingtoaddtomyearlierstatementMaterialaboutrecentresearchhasbeenaddedtothisnew,Collocations:,addupto,addfueltothefire/flames,addinsulttoinjury,合计达,火上加油（做的或说的使人反应更强烈或激烈）,伤害之外又加侮辱（使关系更糟）,bringback,1)returnsomeonetotheirpreviousjoborpositionofauthority2)makeyouremembersth.,Followingtheirlatestdefeat,soccerfansareurgingtheclubtobringbacktheformermanager.,Thetripbroughtbackalotofhappymemories.,3),starttousesth.againthatwasusedinthepast,Thecitycouncilhasdecidedtobringbacktheoldelectrictra