独立主格结构

1、Independent Nominative独立主格结构,.,It rained.,I stayed at home.,.,怎样将两个句子合并？,要求：可以使用连词，请将句子合并成并列句。, It rain so/and I stayed at home.,并列连词：and, or, but, so, for, when, while, neithernor, eitheror, notbut, not onlybut also,.,要求：可以使用连词，请将句子合并为复合句。, Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home.,要求：不适用连词，将两

2、个句子合并为一个句子。, It raining, I stayed at home.,.,比较三句：, It rain so/and I stayed at home., Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home., It raining, I stayed at home.,.,独立主格结构的概念：, “独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。,.,独立主格结构的特点：,没有连接词，独立主格部分用“ ，”与主句分开。,两个

3、句子分别有自己的主语和谓语，即独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句 的主语不同。,独立主格部分中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与其后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式形成逻辑主谓或动宾关系。,.,独立主格结构的功能：,“独立主格结构”在句中的功能就相当于一个带有自己主语的非限制性状语从句。众所周知非限制性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语，从而依附于主句。而有些非限制性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语，在结构上与主句不发生关系，因此成为独立主格结构。其实，虽然叫做独立主格结构，并不是真正的独立，它还是一种从属分句，在句中有多种作用。如：表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等，在句中通常起状语作用。 独立主

4、格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如： 。,., 表示时间, The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。 the meeting being over 相当于 when the meeting was over, Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。 her work done 相当于 when her work was done, 表示条件, The condition b

5、eing favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。 If the condition is favorable,., 表示原因, There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。 Since there was no taxis, He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑 又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。 as the night was dark and frosty,., 表示伴随情况, Almo

6、st all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。 (=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.), 表示补充说明, We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。,.,独立主格结构功能说明：,独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在

7、句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。,.,独立主格结构的构成：, 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词：Weather permitting, we will have a picnic tomorrow 名词(代词)+形容词：the condition favorable 名词(代词)+副词：the meeting (being) over.（上也有此句） There being+名词： there being nothing else to do, we went home 名词(代词)+不定式：She proposed a picnic, she herself t

8、o pay the railway tickets, and Mary to provide the food. 名词(代词) +介词短语： the teacher entered the classroom, book in hand It being + 名词：It being Xmas, the government office was closed,., 名词/代词+形容词, The men moved slowly forward, neck deep in the water, with their officers guiding them., It stood silent

9、in the noon sunlight, its door open., 名词/代词+副词, Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away., Lunch over, he left the house. But he was thinking.,., 名词/代词+现在分词, Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。, The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散步。, 名词/代词+过去分词, “Marqu

10、is,” said the boy, turning to the man, his eyes opened wide, and his right hand raised ., The question being settled, we wound up the meeting. 问题解决之后，我 们结束了会议。,., 名词/代词（主格）+不定式, We shall assemble at ten forty-five, the procession to start moving at precisely eleven. 我们十点四十五分集合，队伍十一点准时出发。, We divided

11、 the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor. 我们进行了分工，他擦窗户，我扫地 。, Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month. 这是前两卷，第三卷将于下月问世。, The two boys said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to his friends. 两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。,., 名词/代词+介词短语,

12、 I followed him here, climbed in, sword in hand., He sat at the table, coat off, head down, and pen in hand., 名词/代词+名词, he fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon. 他和狼搏斗着，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。 .,The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand. 那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。,., With的复合结构作独立主格,表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。, He

13、stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raised 【rising亦可】 。,with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语,.,独立主格结构有三种类型： 1. 逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词） 2. 逻辑主语+(being)+表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短 语) 3. with/without + 复合宾语 （不定式、现在分词、过去 分词、形容词、副词、介词短语）,.,1. Darkness _ in, the young people strolled o

14、n the streets. A. set B. setting C. has set D. was set 2. A new technique _, the production increased by 20 percent. A. to have been worked outB. having worked out C. working out D. having been worked out 3. There are various kinds of metals, each _ its own properties (特性). A. has B. had C. to have

15、D. having,【当堂检测】,.,4. _, Ill go there with you tomorrow afternoon. A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Times permitting 5. _, we all went home happily. A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye said D. When goodbye said 6. She stood there, _ from her cheeks. A.

16、tears rolling down B. tears rolled down C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down,【当堂检测】,.,（二）无动词独立主格结构,当堂检测,1. _ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There was B. There being C. Because there being D. There were 2. _, we all went swimming in high spirits. A. It being fine weather B. It fine weathe

17、r C. It was fine weather D. It being a fine weather 3. _, the hunter went into the forest. A. A gun on shoulder B. A gun was on his shoulder C. Gun on shoulder D. A gun being on shoulder 4. ; we had to put the meeting off. A. Because the manager was ill B. The manager being ill C. The manager was ill D. Being ill,.,（三）“with/ without”引导的独立主格结构,1. _ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent y