国外土木工程现状与展望未来

1、国外土木工程现状,简述,2008-2009美国土木前十名,University of California Berkeley加州大学伯克利分校 University of Illinois Urbana Champaign伊利诺伊大学厄本那香槟分校 Stanford University斯坦福大学 Georgia Institute of Technology佐治亚理工学院 The University of Texas at Austin德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校 Massachusetts Institute of Technology麻省理工学院 Purdue University, Wes

2、t Lafayette普渡大学西拉法叶校区 University of Michigan Ann Arbor密西根大学-安娜堡分校 California Institute of Technology加州理工学院 Cornell University康乃尔大学,2008-2009英国土木工程专业,1 Cambridge(剑桥） 2 Cardiff（加的夫） 3 Bristol （布里斯托尔） 4 Southampton （南安普敦） 5 Dundee （敦提） 6 Loughborough （拉夫堡 ） 7 Edinburgh （爱丁堡） 8 Sheffield （设菲尔德） 9 Imperi

3、al College伦敦帝国理工学院 10 Queens Belfast（贝尔法斯特皇后大学）,美国接受留学生人数最多的10 所高校 得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校(4152) 俄亥俄州立大学(3449) 伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-尚佩恩分校(3089) 外国留学生比例 麻省理工学院(22.1%) 斯坦福大学(15.8%) 康奈 尔大学(13.6%),加州大學柏克萊分校(University of California, Berkeley)位置: Berkeley, CA,史丹佛大學(Stanford University)位置: Stanford, CA,加州理工學院(California Institu

4、te of Technology)位置: Pasadena, CA,德州大學奧斯汀分校(University of Texas at Austin)位置: Austin, TX,麻省理工學院(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)位置: Cambridge, MA,Washing State University,Structural Engineering and Materials,Composite Material Alternatives to Timber in the Construction of Wing Walls,新型楼盖,木纤维塑料

5、复合材料轻质承重板:防水、高强,SHM - Application,Highway bridges made of Polymer Composites,Experimental set-up for dynamic response measurement,Current Research: Smart concrete structures,Using shape memory alloy to heal cracked concrete structures,Current Research: Effective stiffness evaluation by dynamic respo

6、nse,FRP Honeycomb Sandwich Panels Using Piezoelectric sensor for dynamic response measurements Bending and shear stiffness evaluations in transverse and longitudinal directions Out-of-plane shear moduli of honeycomb core,FRP Honeycomb Sandwich Panels with Sinusoidal Core as Highway Bridge Decks,Appl

7、ications of sandwich structures in infrastructure,Honeycomb sandwich structures,School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering， The University of Adelaide澳大利亚,Masters by Coursework (One year) Postgraduate Research Programs (Two year for MA. 3-4 years for PHD),Michael Griffith,The University o

8、f Adelaide,Earthquake protection of masonry buildings using FRP strengthening experimental and analytical research Cyclic behaviour of FRP retrofitted RC structures under blast, fatigue and earthquake loading long term behaviour of FRP retrofitted structures， especially under cycling loading conditi

9、ons develop new mechanics-based models for the behaviour of civil engineering structures reinforced with FRP and subjected to a wide range of dynamic loading including impact, blast, seismic and fatigue loading.,The University of Adelaide,Blast resistance of ultra-high performance concrete members N

10、ew materials and structural systems against terrorist attacks high material strength, high material deformation and high toughness FRP confined concrete columns behaviour under cyclic loading (lateral and axial) of columns using FRP wraps investigation are the cross-section details (cross-ties), cro

11、ss-section aspect ratio, and unconfined concrete strength,The University of Adelaide,Accurate modelling of laminated composite stiffened/sandwich panels fibre reinforced laminated composite adding stiffening ribs to the skin sandwich construction where an ultra light thick core material layer (e.g.,

12、 foam, honeycomb, balsa, elastomer,加州大学伯克利分校,University of California Berkeley,加州大学伯克利分校,几乎所有人都相信，别人给它的综合排名似乎过低了。名气可能是一个问题，很多对美国不熟悉的人也许都不知道它。不过你如果看过电影毕业生，就应该知道它的名字；大学英语泛读里面也有一篇一位Berkeley校友回忆母校的文章。六七十年代的Berkeley似乎是一个学生运动的中心，但现在也是一个和硅谷联系在一起的名字。,加州大学伯克利分校,University of California Berkeley,Graduate Prog

13、rams Engineering and Project ManagementEnvironmental EngineeringGeoEngineeringStructural Engineering, Mechanics and MaterialsTransportation Engineering Civil Systems,University of California Berkeley,Areas of Emphasis Theory of structures, finite element methods, linear and nonlinear computer method

14、s of analysis, computer aided engineering Structural dynamics and random vibrations Earthquake engineering design and analysis Design and behavior of reinforced and prestressed concrete, steel, composite, timber and other structures,University of California Berkeley,Areas of Emphasis Experimental an

15、alysis, including non-destructive evaluation of structures Mechanics of solids, structural mechanics, computational mechanics, thermomechanics of deformable bodies, micromechanics and mechanics of composite materials Structural reliability, risk analysis, decision theory Fire protection engineering

16、Structural materials, behavior of concrete and cementitious materials and plastics Advanced concrete technology.,Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) University of California Berkeley,Assessment of ground Motion Selection and Modification Procedures Conduct analyses of multistory building m

17、odels subjected to a large number of earthquake ground motions to determine the native statistics of the responses, compare results with results obtained using various proposed ground motion selection and modification procedures, and recommend appropriate ground motion selection and scaling procedur

18、es.,Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) University of California Berkeley,Synthetically Generated Ground Motions Using validated broadband ground motion simulation procedures, generate ground motion time histories in San Francisco and Los Angeles for large earthquakes on the major faults i

19、n the region. The time histories will be simulated for geographic areas of specific interest for San Francisco and Los Angeles. These broadband simulated time histories are to contain long period effects such as rupture directivity effects and basin effects that are specific to the fault geometry an

20、d geological structure of the regions.,Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) University of California Berkeley,Mitigation of Seismic Risk in Older Concrete Buildings,Mitigation of Seismic Risk in Older Concrete Buildings,Test critical components to collapse Investigate simple retrofit method

21、s Systems studies, including soil-foundation-structure interaction Improved computer simulation Regional simulation,University of California Berkeley,A. Astaneh-Asl Behavior and seismic design of steel bridge structures and their components. Investigation of inelastic behavior and developing models

22、of behavior of simple, semi-rigid, and rigid steel structures and connections. Seismic behavior and design of steel shear connections with slab effects. Behavior and seismic design of composite shear walls.,University of California Berkeley,在2002年3月6日，伯克利-加里弗尼亚大学民用及环境工程教授，Abolhassan Astaneh-Asl博士在美国

23、众议院科学委员会上陈述了他对世贸大厦倒塌的结构问题的研究。他所作的陈述中包含了一系列对747客机撞进钢铁结构的模拟仿真过程，而这些模拟仿真过程都是通 MSC.Software公司合作，使用MSC.Dytran开发出来的。,University of California Berkeley,J. M. Kelly Development and testing of aseismic base isolation systems. These systems incorporate elastomeric multi-layer bearings of various types. The re

24、search is both analytical and experimental in nature, with most of the experimental work conducted on the 20 ft. by 20 ft. shaking table at the Earthquake Simulator Laboratory. Constitutive theory for large cyclic plastic deformation of shape memory alloys. This research is concerned with developing

25、 better material models for energy-absorbing devices of this material. Development of energy-absorbing devices for seismic-resistant structures. Devices under study include viscoelastic materials, frictional components, or metallic elements.,University of Michigan,Earthquake resistant design of stru

26、ctural systems Behavior of buildings and bridges under extreme loading Design and validation of smart structure technologies Evaluation and improvement of new and existing highway bridges Development of high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites,University of Michigan,Interested in ho

27、w buildings and bridges behave under the extreme loading conditions generated by manmade and natural hazards such as seismic excitation, collision by heavy objects, and blast. how to utilize new materials and technologies to create innovative structural systems that mitigate the potentially catastro

28、phic effects of extreme loading,Sherif El-Tawil,University of Michigan,Enter an imploding steel building examine from the outside how the collapse process progresses,University of Michigan,When a critical column is damaged as a result of an extreme loading event, catenary action allows gravity load

29、that was previously supported by the damaged element to span adjacent structural members. The 2 animations below the results of a simulation conducted to investigate the role of catenary action as a steel subassemblage responds to column loss. The simulations shows ductile fracture occurring in a RB

30、S beam-column moment connection as it undergoes very large deformations in catenary mode. Top view 3D view,Some interesting animations showing higher mode effects 连云港装饰公司(i.e. whiplash effects) in tall structures subjected to earthquakes. The buildings are reduced-beam-section steel moment frames an

31、d are designed according to the latest design specifications. The blue colors indicate initiation of yielding in the members, while the blue triangles indicate plastification of the reduced beam section. 4-story frame ,8-story frame ,16-story frame,Picture showing overview of crash simulation conduc

32、ted to investigate bridge vulnerability to extreme events. The pier, piles, pile cap, surrounding soil, elastomeric bearings, and superstructure are all modeled in this simulation. Animation showing 18,000-lb truck colliding with bridge Pier (609 KB). Closeup of animation (Large file, 2 MB).,Univers

33、ity of Michigan,Victor Li micromechanics based composite materials design and engineering, innovative structures design based on advanced materials technology engineered cementitious composite,De-icing Salt Scaling Resistance of Mechanically Loaded Engineered Cementitious Composites Engineered Cemen

34、titious Composites with High Volume Fly Ash,Department of Civil and EnvironmentalEngineering at the University of Illinois伊利若斯大学厄巴纳-尚佩,founding 134 years ago greatest civil engineering educators were former faculty members Hardy Cross, Nathan Newmark, Ven Te Chow,Ralph Peck, Richard Engelbrecht, Che

35、ster Seiss, and William Hall,Department of Civil and EnvironmentalEngineering at the University of Illinois,#1 Ranked Graduate Program in U.S. #1 Ranked Undergraduate Program in U.S. #2 Ranked Environmental Program in U.S. 54 Faculty, 30+ Visiting Scholars 400 Graduate Students (50 from China) 450 U

36、ndergraduate Students,College of Engineering ,University of Illinois,Materials #2 ; #4 Ranked College of Engineering in U.S.,Department of Civil and EnvironmentalEngineering at the University of Illinois,For contributions in non-linear fracture mechanics and applications to practice in nuclear power

37、 and space systems.,Robert H. Dodds, Jr.,Member of National Academy of Engineering,Department of Civil and EnvironmentalEngineering at the University of Illinois,Research Center for Cement Composite Materials PVC Geomembrane Institute Technology Program Mid-America Earthquake Center Center of Excell

38、ence for Airport Technology Center for Cement Composite Materials,Department of Civil and EnvironmentalEngineering at the University of Illinois,Earthquake Engineering Dynamic Tests of Low-Rise Building Systems Multiobjective Seismic Design of Steel Frame Buildings Smart Damping Strategies for Seism

39、ic Protection of Urban Structures Synthetic Earthquake Hazard:,Department of Civil and EnvironmentalEngineering at the University of Illinois,Engineering Mechanics and Materials Rapid Nondestructive Assessment ofConcrete Structures Using Elastic Waves Development of Nondestructive Methods for Measur

40、ements of Slab Thickness and Modulus of Rupture in Concrete Pavements,Structural Engineering and MaterialsDept. of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNorthwestern University,Structural Engineering and MaterialsDept. of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNorthwestern University,quasibrittle fracture

41、and damage mechanics, fracture scaling and its asymptotics, size effects, micro- and nanomechanics, constitutive models, progressive collapse of buildings missile impact, seismic response, interfaces with chemo-mechanics, thermodynamics, landslides and geo-mechanics.,Zdenek Bazant,National Academy o

42、f Sciences; National Academy of Engineering; American Academy of Arts and Sciences,Structural Engineering and MaterialsDept. of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNorthwestern University,His research team has been developing material models for fiber composites, concrete, rocks and soils, sea ice, s

43、now, tough ceramics, sandwich shells, rigid foams, cellular materials, bone, and shape memory alloys. Applications have covered structural and aero-space engineering, building codes, ship design, automotive crashworthiness, arctic engineering, earthquake engineering and nuclear safety. Although the

44、emphasis is theoretical, his team also conducts specialized fracture testing of composites, concretes and rocks. Computational modeling is a heavy component in each problem, but Bazants attitude is to seek first analytical solutions and asymptotics-based approximations.,Zdenek Bazant,Bazant, Z.P., a

45、nd Planas, J. (1998). Fracture and Size Effect in Concrete and Other Quasibrittle Materials. CRC Press,Structural Engineering and MaterialsDept. of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNorthwestern University,Developed innovative nondestructive tools to detect fracture. Electronic Laser Specle Interferometry,激光散斑干涉测量方法 Digital Image Correlation. Pioneering research in fiber reinforced concrete high performance concrete fracture mechanics of quasi-brittle materials.,Walter P. Murphy Professor,National Academy of