高中英语语法之冠词

1、冠词的用法,THE ARTICLE,冠词的用法：,冠词,定冠词,不定冠词,零冠词,(Article),(Definite Article),(Indefinite Article),(Zero Article),不定冠词的基本用法,不定冠词有“a和an”两种形式。 a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，而不是辅音字母前； an用在以元音音素开头的词前，而不是元音字母前， 如hour，首字母为辅音，但第一个发音是“a”，故用an university 虽首字母为元音，但发音以“jU:”开头，故用a,1. 用于可数名词的单数形式之前，表示一 There is a man in the room. 2. 表示

2、一类人或事物 , a + 名词 A tiger can be dangerous. 也可用定冠词the+形容词 （代表一类人） The poor are still poor. 3. 表示某一个的意思 A Mr. Wang wants to see you. 4. 表示同一的意思 They are of an age. The two shirts are much of a size.,5. 表示每一的意思 We go swimming four times a week. 6. 第一次提到的人或事物，但不特指是哪一个 Long long ago there was an old king

3、who had a very beautiful daughter. 7. 在感叹句 what.的句式中 What a pretty girl she is! 8. 用在某些表示数量的词组中： a lot of 许多 a couple of 一对 a great many 很多 a dozen 一打 a great deal of 大量,9用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。 I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one. 10. 用语习惯用语中 all of a sudden, In fact, as a result a little, a

4、 great many=a very large number of a great deal(of.), have a cold have a good time，in a moment, after a while, in a hurry ,in a word, make a speech , have a good time,定冠词的用法,1. 用以特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，这是定冠词的基本用法 This is the house where Luxun once lived. 2. 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物 Open the door, please. 3. 用以复述上文

5、提过的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”） I have a car. The car is red. 4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前 ,或first, next, last, same, only等表示独特含义的词语前 January is the first month of the year. Shanghai is the biggest city in China. When is the next flight to Beijing. He is the only person I want to see.,5. 表示地球、宇宙等独一无二的事物 the

6、sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, the world 6. 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前 the Pacific Ocean, the Huanghe River 7. 指由普通名词构成的专有名词 the West Lake, the Great Wall the United States, the WTO 8. 表示地点、方位、具体的时间或某天的一部分等。 in the east, on the right, in the afternoon,10. 和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物 the poor 穷人 the r

7、ich 富人 the sick 病人 the wounded 伤员 the good 好人 the beautiful 美丽的事物 11. the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物 The horse is a useful animal. 12. 用于西洋乐器前（民族乐器前不加） play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 *中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用:play erhu(二胡) 13. 用于发明物前，这时名词要用单数。 the+n发明物 必须是单数 who invented the telephone?,14. 与民族、国籍的形容词连用，表整个民族，所有

8、国人 the Chinese are brave people 15. 用在表示自然现象的名词前 the rain, the air, the snow. Dont stand in the rain. 但这类名词前有形容词修饰时，可用不定冠词，表示一阵，一场，一种 a cold wind is blowing. a heavy snow is falling outside. 16. 用在表示计算单位的名词前，含有“每，每一”的意思 Eggs are sold by the kilogram. 17. 用在某些固定用法里： in the morning, go to the cinema,

9、on the way to, at the same time, by the way, all the time,注：用在人体部位名词前。 He seized me by the arm. (hit/strike/beat) + sb. +in /on + the +部位 I hit Tom on the nose / shoulder /head. He struck the thief in the eyes / face. (pull/seize/lead/catch) + sb. + by + the + 部位 She led the cow by the nose. I seize

10、d her by the hand.,零冠词的用法,1. 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词前一般不加冠词（在特指时要加冠词） China 中国 Europe 欧洲 Money 金钱 water 特指时加冠词 the water in my cup is dirty. 2. 用于复数名词前，泛指一类人或事物，但特指时需加冠词 Students should study hard. 特指时加冠词 The students are clever. 3. 月份、星期、节日 前一般不加冠词（在特指时加冠词） January, Sunday, Christmas Day, Thanksgiving 比较： .

11、on a Sunday morning.（表示某一个。） 注:民族节日前要加the 如:the Spring Festival,4. 三餐、四季前一般不加冠词, 特指则加 I have lunch at school. 比较： I had a big lunch yesterday.（表示特指） Summer is the best season for swimming. 比较： I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii.（表示特指） 5. 进行球类运动 play basketball, play volleyball 6. 在职位或

12、表示头衔的名词前。 King, captain, president 7. 没有特指的不可数抽象名词 Time is precious. 比较： The time of the play was 1990s.（表示特指） 8. 固定词组 at home, at night, on foot, go to bed,用与不用冠词的差异： go to school go to the school in front of in the front of out of question out of the question two of us the two of us in future in t

13、he future,next year the next year,on earth on the earth,去上学,去学校,在前面,在的前部,毫无疑问,不可能的，办不到的,我们当中的两人,我们两人(共计两人),从今以后，将来,未来,第二年,明年,在地球上，在世上,究竟,冠词的特殊位置,(1)若修饰名词的形容词受 too,so,as,how,however 等副词的修饰，则通常将不定冠词置于形容词与名词之间： Itistoodifficultabookforbeginners. Hedidntknowhowgreatamistakehehadmade.(2)若单数可数名词前有such,wha

14、t,many等词修饰，不定冠词应置于它们之后： Whatanicecoat! Iveneverseensuchan animal. Many a man is fit for the job.注：“manya单数可数名词”是一种较文的说法，在现代英语的口语或非正式文体中，通常用“many复数名词”代之。,(3)不定冠词与副词quite,rather连用时，不定冠词通常置于其后，但若其后的名词前有形容词修饰，则不定冠词放在quite,rather之前或之后均可以： Heisratherafool.(a必须后置) Itisquiteaaquitegoodbook.。 但不能说：Heisarathe

15、rfool.(因名词前无形容词，所以错) 定冠词与quite和rather连用时，情况也是如此(即定冠词后置)： Youregoingquitethewrongway.你的路全走错了。 ItsquitethemostinterestingfilmIveeverseen. (4)与both,all,half,twice等连用时，冠词通常应置于其后： Iknowboththebrothers. Helefthalfanhourago.Yoursistwicethesizeofmine.,冠词位置,1） 不定冠词位置 不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意： a. 位于such，what，many，

16、half等形容词之后。例如： I have never seen such an animal. 我从来没见过这样的动物。 Many a man is fit for the job. 许多人适合这岗位。注：“manya单数可数名词”是一种较文的说法，在现代英语的口语或非正式文体中，通常用“many复数名词”代之。” b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后。例如： It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. 我从未这么高兴过。 So short a time

17、如此短的时间 Too long a distance 距离太远了,c. quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。但当其名词前 前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可， 如：rather a cold day/a rather cold day。 Heisratherafool.(a必须后置) Itisquiteaaquitegoodbook.。 d. 在as，though 引导的让步状语从句中，当表语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后。 例如：Brave a man though he is，he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢，可

18、见到蛇还是发抖。,e . as/so/suchas等结构中不定冠词的位置 as/soas结构中，不定冠词一般置于as/so修饰的形容词后 Jennifer is not so smart a girl as I thought (Jennifer 不像我认为的那么聪明） suchas结构中，不定冠词一般置于such之后，形容词之前。 We are in such a difficult situation as we came across last time.(我们正处在像上次遇到的那种困境地之中） He has never written such an interesting book

19、as that. (他从未写过像那本书那么有趣的书）,2） 定冠词位置 定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。 例如：All the students in the class went out.班里的所有学生都出去 Helefthalfanhourago.Yoursistwicethesizeofmine.,Exercise,1.Everything comes with _price ,there is no such_thing as a free lunch in the world.

20、A . a , a B. the , / C . the ,a D. a , / 2. What _disappointment to see Liu Xiang quite his game in _ 29th Beijing Olympic Games! But I still support him. After all he is in poor health. A . / , the B. a ,the C. the , / D. the , the 3.On the moon its too hot in_day and too cold at_night. A.the; 不填 B

21、.the; theC.a; theD.a; / 4.It took me_hour and_half to finish the work. A.a; a B.an; an C.a; an D.an; a,D,B,A,D,5.A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometres_second. A.a B.an C.the D.不填 6.The picture on_left is more beautiful than the one on _right. A.不填; 不填 B.the; theC.a; a D.an; an 7.The woman too

22、k the little girl by_hand. A.a B.an C .the D.不填 8.Mr. Read patted him on_shoulder. A .a B.an C.the D.不填 9.All the work had to be done by_hand when there were no modern machines. A.不填 B.the C.an D.a 10.We should always think of_old and_sick. A.the; the B.an; aC.不填; 不填D.the; a,A,B,C,C,A,A,( ) 11._rece

23、nt report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S .would be higher than the number of English speaker by_ year 2090. A. A, the B. A, / C. The ,/ D. The, a ( ) 12.If you go by _train ,you can have quite a comfortable journey ,but make sure you get _fast one. A. /, / B./, a C. the, a D./

24、,/ ( ) 13. It is often said that _teachers have _very easy life. A /,/ B. /,a C. the,/ D. the, a ( ) 14.I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left _city ,I only remember it was _ Monday.。 A.the , the B. a ,the C. a, a D. the, a ( ) 15.If you grow up in _large family ,youare more likely to devel

25、op _ability to get on well with _others . A. /,an the B. a, the ,/ C. the ,an ,the D. a, the ,the,A,B,B,D,B,1. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories 2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges 3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walk C. 2