人教新课标 Unit 4 Earthquakes language points 定稿

1、Unit 4 Earthquakes languages points,1.Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.假设你的家开始晃动,你 必须立刻离开,Shake（shook,shaken) v.摇动, 摇, 颤抖, 震动 n.摇动, 摇, 颤抖, 震动,翻译:服药前请摇动瓶子,Please shake the bottle before taking the medicine.,当火车经过时大地在剧烈地震动,When the train passed by,the earth shook seri

2、ously,这个可怜的孩子正冻得发抖,The poor child was shaking with cold.,联想记忆: shake hands with sb. shake ones head/nod ones head shake sb by the hand=shake ones hand shake ones fist at sb,right away=right now=at once=immediately =in no time 立刻;马上,还有“现在，此刻”之意，相当于at this very moment, at present,We must be off right

3、away/right now.Its eight .,请立刻把这篇文章打出来,Please type this article out right away/right now,right away不可用于进行时态,right now还相当于 at this very moment;at present在此刻,此时,可用于 进行时态,他们正在录制唱片,They are making the record right now,翻译:他此刻正在写一本小说,He is writing a novel right now.,现在是暑假我在农场上帮助爸爸干活,Right now it is summer

4、 vocation and Im helping my dad on the farm.,2. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell,rose and fell.三天来,村子的水井中的水位 升升落落不停.,rise (rose,risen) vi.升起, 起身, 高耸, 增长, 上升 n.上升, 增加, 上涨, 发生, 出现,Everyone knows that the sun rises in the east.,He rose from his chair when the door bell rang.,

5、Prices continue to rise.,raise reiz( raised, raising) vt. 抬高；举起 I will not raise a hand against you. 我不会做任何不利于你的事。 提高；增加 to raise salaries 提高工资,他把手臂举过头顶。,He raised his arms above his head.,他们坚决要求提高工资,They insisted on raising salaries,rise: 升起; 上升; 上涨 (不能用于被动语态) raise: 举起; 使升起; 提高;养育 饲养 (可用于被动语态) The

6、 price of tomatoes has _(rise,raise) recently. The price of the tomatoes has been _ (rise,raise)recently. He _ (rise,raise)the child from the ground The child _(rise,raise) from the ground.,risen,raised,raised,rose,3. A smelly gas came out of the cracks.发臭的气体 从裂缝中冒出来。,smelly adj.有臭味的 eg:The food was

7、 smelly.,扩展: n.+y构成形容词 blood- mud- sun- cloud- rain- wind- taste- dream- ice- greed- fat- fog-,smell n./v (smelt/smelled) They were all hungry and the food _ good. I can _something burning in the kitchen. Please throw the _ fish away.,smelt,smell,smelly,4. In the city,the water pipes in some buildin

8、gs cracked and burst.在城市里,有些建筑物里的水管 出现裂缝或者破裂.,crack vi. 使开裂,破裂,eg: The ice cracked as I stepped onto it.,玻璃制成的瓶子当从桌子摔落到地上时容易破碎,The bottles made of glass easily crack when they fell into the ground from the table.,n. 裂缝,裂纹 翻译:今天别去滑冰了-冰上有危险的裂缝.,Dont go skating today-there are dangerous cracks in the i

9、ce.,镜子破裂了,The mirror cracked.,墙上有个裂缝,There is a crack in the wall,burst (burst, burst) (1)v.爆裂，胀开；突然闯入，强行进入；爆炸 (2) n. 突发，爆发 e.g. The house burst into flames. The man burst into the room. burst into sth (tears/laughter) 突然爆发 burst out doing (crying/laughing) burst in/into 闯进，突然破门而入,a burst of applaus

10、e/anger/tears 一阵.,即学即练： (1) When he was riding, the tire _(burst). (2)She _.（突然大哭起来） (3)He _ （闯进了房子）without knocking.,burst into tears burst out crying,burst into the house,burst,5.But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. (para 1, t

11、he last sentence),think little/much of 对 不重视/重视 think highly/well of 对评价高/好 think badly/poorly of 认为不好，评价差,即学即练： (1)The mayor _ your suggestion and he asks you to plan the project in details.,think much of,s,6. It seemed as if the world was at an end.,1) as if as if 在表语从句中相当于that: It seemed as if th

12、e meeting would never end. 看起来会议没完没了。,It seemed as if the world was at an end!= It seemed that the world was at an end!,as if 似乎, 好像 = as though She spoke to me as if she knew me. 她和我说话的神情, 好像她早就 认识我似的。,as if 后还可跟名词、形容词、不定式 等。如: He acts as if (he was) a fool. She left the room hurriedly as if (she w

13、as) angry. Tom raised his hands as if (he was going) to say something.,用动词的适当形式填空。 It looks as if it _ (be) going to rain. He talks as if he _ (know) where she is. The girl listened as if she _ (turn) to stone.,is/were,knows,had been turned,2) at an end 意为“结束”。如： The war was at an end. I must warn y

14、ou that my patience is almost at an end. end用作名词构成的短语: at the end (of) 在末尾 by the end of 到为止 in the end 最后, 终于 come to an end 完结 bringto an end/put an end to 使终止 end up with 以.而告终,at the end of 用于表示具体事物或场所 的场合, 它也可以用来表示比喻意; by the end of 用于表示时间的场合到 结束的时候, 用于过去完成时态; in the end 意思“最后、终于”。,用end构成的短语填空。

15、 The cold weather at last stopped _ March. Our hunt for a cheaper but larger house is at last _. If you go on with work, youll succeed _. How many English words had you learned _ last term?,at the end of,at an end,in the end,by the end of,7. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. lie

16、 (lay, lain) v. to be, remain or be kept in a certain state. “处于某种状态” （连系动词） ruin 在此为名词, 意为“废墟”，常和介词 in搭配, in ruins意为“成废 墟, 垮掉, 毁灭”。 如：This earthquake left the whole town in ruins. His future is / lies in ruins.,ruin用作名词, 构成的常见短语有： be on the road to ruin 正在走向毁灭、 bring sth/sb to ruin 使某物毁灭/某人破产 be/li

17、e in ruins 变成废墟 go to ruin = fall into ruin 衰落, 败落 如: The company cannot pay its bills and is on the road to ruin. He had let the farm go to ruin. The war brought ruin to the country.,ruin还可作动词, 意为“毁坏, 毁掉”， ruin oneself 自我毁灭 ruin ones hopes 使某人的希望破灭 ruined作形容词时, 只用在名词前， 意为“毁坏的, 破败不堪的”。如： This illnes

18、s has ruined his life. The rain ruined my painting. When we got there, we saw a ruined castle.,damage指部分“损坏”、“损害”、“破坏” 或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词, 也可以用作名词, 用作名词时常与to something 连用。如: The accident did a lot of damage to his car. destroy 只能用作动词，指彻底破坏, 以致 不可能修复，常作“破坏”、“毁灭”解，也可以 指希望、计划等打破。 The earthquake destroy

19、ed almost the whole town.,辨析: damage, ruin, destroy, ruin则表示破坏严重，以致不能修复，但 这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物，而是强 调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动 词时，它作 “使毁灭”、 “使崩溃”、 “弄糟” 解；用作名词时，它表示 “毁灭”、 “瓦解”、 “废墟”等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。 The fire ruined the castle. The house has fallen into ruin. The company is facing ruin.,The village _ in ruins

20、 after the war. These machines have _ idle(闲置的)since the factory closed. An earthquake left the whole town_. His career is _. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was _. He _ his girl friends prospects(前程). Soft wood _ easily.,lay,lain,in ruins,in ruins,destroyed,ruined,damages,8.Two-thirds of t

21、he people died or were injured during the earthquake.三分之二的人在地震中死 亡或受伤,injure vt.损害,受伤 adj. injured 受伤的,受委屈的,He cant play today because hes injured his knee. 因为伤了膝盖，他今天不能比赛。,Among the dead and injured,there were six children. 死伤的人中，有六名儿童。,be injured 受伤,be badly/slightly injured 受了重/轻伤 the injured 受伤的

22、人，伤者,辨析:hurt,injure,wound hurt受伤的一般用语,常指心灵的伤害,也可指身体 的受伤或疼痛. wound指战场上的刀伤或枪伤 damage 指对物体的破坏或损坏 injure 一般指由于意外或事故而受伤,也可以表示 “损害名誉,伤害感情等”,His words _her feelings. It _the eyes to read in the sun. More than 200 people were _in the car accident. The soldiers were _-in the battle.,hurt,hurts,injured,wounde

23、d,9. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400 000. 伤亡的人数达到400 000.,He sent his son to join the army as soon as he reached 18. Your letter of August 24 only reached me today. Weve got to reach an agreement about this question. The boy wasnt tall enough to reach the branch

24、es. The park reaches as far as the river.,达到(指某种数目),抵达,传到,达成(协议)得出(结论),伸手够到(某物),vi.延伸,10. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.人们无论朝哪里看,哪里一切都几乎被 毁坏了.,everywhere=wherever =no matter where在这里做连词用,引导状语从句.如:,Everywhere he appeared, he was popular.,无论他出现在哪里，他都是受欢的,无论他去哪，他的狗都跟着他。,Everywh

25、ere he goes,his dogs follows him.,everywhere pron. 到处，处处,我们到处找你。,We have looked everywhere for you.,到处是深谷,Everywhere are deep valleys.,11.Tens of thousands of cows never give milk again 数以万计的奶牛再也不产奶了,tens of thousands of 数以万计的 hundreds and hundreds of 成百上千的 hundreds of thousands 数以十万计的 thousands of

26、数千计的 millions of 数百万计的 scores of 许许多多的 dozens of 许多，大量,12. People were shocked. 人们感到震惊. .,I was shocked at the news of her death.,He was shocked to know he had been cheated,Liu xiang shocked the whole world,(2)n. 打击,震惊,休克,The shock of the failure in the exam made her ill.,It gave me quite a shock to

27、 learn that he had married again.,The patient went into another shock.,shock vt.营救 rescue sb from sb/sth,救出一孩子免于溺毙,rescue a child from drowning,解放军战士从即将倒塌的房子中救出了那位老太。,The PLA man rescued the old lady from the falling house.,n. 援救, 营救,a rescue team; a rescue mission. 救援队；营救任务,trap (trapped,trapped) n

28、.陷阱，圈套 vt. 使受限制(困)于;诱骗,The car was trapped in the deep snow.,They trapped her into marrying him.,trap sb into doing sth 诱骗某人做某事,be trapped in 困在之中， 陷于之中,set a trap 设置陷阱 fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套 lay a trap for 为设下圈套,The police set a trap to catch the thief. Dont fall into the trap of investing,不是所有

29、希望都破灭了。 allnot = not all该句为部分否定 表示全部肯定的表达： all, both, everyone, everybody, everything以及“every+名词”； 表示全部否定： no one, none, nobody, nothing, notany, 已以及“no+名词” 但当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管not在什么位置，都表示部分否定。,14. All hope was not lost. = Not all hope was lost.,不是所有的孩子都被留下了。 不是所有的孩子都吵闹。,Not all the childre

30、n are left.,(= Only some of them left early.),Not all the children are noisy.,(= Some of the children are not noisy.),All the students do not agree to the plan.,= Not all the students agree to the plan.,15. The army organized teams to dig out those who are trapped and to bury the dead. 军队组成救援队 挖掘那些受

31、困的人们并埋葬死者。,bury vt. (1)place (a dead body) in the ground埋葬 eg: He was buried with his wife.,(2)hide 掩埋 隐藏, Our dog buries its bones in the garden.,She buried her face in her hands and wept.,她双手掩面哭了起来.,(3)短语:bury oneself in the country 隐居乡间 bury oneself in sth 埋头于某事物,专心致志于某事 = be buried in =devote on

32、eself to= be devoted to I buried myself in my studies. be buried in thoughts/memories of the past 沉思/回忆往事,dig out 掘出;发现 eg:他把狐狸从洞中掘出来了，,He dug out the fox from/dug the fox out of the hole.,to dig information out of books 从书本挖掘知识 to dig out truth 寻求真理,16.To the north of the city,most of the 10 000 mi

33、ners were rescued from the coal mines. 在城市的北部,一万矿工中的大多数从矿井中被救 出。,表方位介词in,to与on in表示“在其中”,在境内;to表示“向”的意思,在境外 on 表示与境界相接.,Japan lies _ the east of Asia. Japan lies _ the east of China. Fujian lies _the northeast of Duangdong.,in,to,on,17.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destro

34、yed.,shelter n (c) 庇护所，避难所，遮蔽物 We tried to fix up a shelter from the rain. n (u) 庇护，掩蔽，遮蔽 Their immediate need is for food ,clothing and shelter. vt. 提供庇护所 The wall sheltered us from the wind.,注：under the shelter of 在庇护下，受的保护 shelter sb/sth from 庇护某人/某物以免,Thank you very much,Have a nice day,Comprehe

35、ndingfrightened B.frightened;frightening C.frightening;frightening D.frightened;frightened,A,重点句式详析,Writing a summary of a passage means looking for the main idea of each part and putting it down in a sentence.给一段文章写摘要意味着要找出这段文章中每一部分的大意并用一句话把它写出来。 本句中的mean作“意味”解，后面接v-ing形式作宾语。另外，它还可表示“打算，意思是”。如： I m

36、eant to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但是我父亲不允许我去。 A dictionary tells you what words mean. 词典告诉你词语的含义。,mean to do sth./mean doing sth. (1)Mean to do sth.意为“打算做某事”。如： I mean to praise these students.我打算表扬这些学生。 （2）mean doing sth.作“意味着做某事”解。如： Missing the train means waiting for an hour.误了

37、火车意味着再等上一个小时。 活学活用： 1.Missing the plane means_for another day, so I mean_up early tomorrow. A.to wait;getting B.waiting;getting C.waiting;to get D.to wait;to get,C,2.If you think that treating a woman well means always_her permission for things,think again. A.gets B.got C.to get D.getting,D. 考查mean的

38、用法。mean作“意味着”解时，后面接V-ing形式，故选D。句意：要是你认为对女士好就意味着事事都要得到她的允许，那么你还得考虑考虑。,2.Then take turns to complete the sentences using the attributive clauses with that,which,who or whose.然后依次用that,which,who或whose引导的定语从句来完成句子。 本句中的take turns意为“依次，轮流”。常形成take turns to do sth.或take turns (in) doing sth.结构，表示“轮流做某事”。如

39、： All his children take turns in looking after him.他的孩子们轮流照顾他。 There was only one dictionary so the three students had to take turns to use it.只有一本词典，因此这三个学生只好轮流使用。,知识链接： by turns轮流 in turn轮流，反过来，逐个 Its sb.s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。 活学活用： -I am wondering if we could_to look after him. -That sounds re

40、asonable. A.take notes B.take turns C.by turns D.have turn,B. take notes记笔记；take turns轮流，为动词短语，可作谓语；by turns轮流，为介词短语，用作状语；不存在选项D这个短语。根据句子结构可知选B。句意：“我想知道我们能否轮流照看他。”“那听起来合情合理。“,Using language 1.express (1)V.表示，表达。如： I hardly know how to express my gratitude.我真不知道如何表达我的感激之情。 (2)n.特快列车（可数名词），快递服务（不可数名词）

41、。如： My friend and I returned to town by night express. 我和我的朋友是乘坐晚上的特快列车返回城镇的。 Please send these papers to that company by express.请用快递把这些文件寄给那家公司。 短语：beyond expression无法表达，形容不出 without expression毫无表情,重点句式详析： 1.Your speech was heard by a group of five judges,all of whom agreed that it was the best on

42、e this year.评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，一致认为你的演讲是今年最好的。 本句是一个主从复合句，其中all of whom引导一个非限制性定语从句，补充说明five judges的信息。All of whom的结构是“all of+关系代词”，在语意上相当于all of them。如“我有两个兄弟，他们都是医生”这个句子有三种不同的表达形式： I have two brothers,both of whom are doctors.=I have two brothers,and both of them are doctors.=I have two brothers;both of them are doctors.,活学活用： 1.The old couple have two children,_able to come to see them when they feel lonely,however. A.both of them are B.none of them