高考英语专题复习《阅读理解专题――猜测词义》PPT课件

1、高三复习之阅读理解专项,Class 5 Senior 3,If you come across new words when reading,What will you do ?,Ignore them and continue reading,Look them up in the dictionary,Guess the meaning,猜测词义 读懂文章,-高三英语阅读指导,猜测词义： 单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，历年高考都把这一项作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题，考查对文中关键词语（实词、短语、指代关系等）的理解。而且，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上。但

2、事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。,猜测词义题目类型,对考纲外生词的猜测,Many United Nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Jim, for example, speaks five languages fluently. “polyglot” most probably means “_.”,对考纲内熟词新义的猜测,I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her j

3、udgment. (04全国卷) “cloud” means “_.”,通晓数种语言的人,使模糊，混淆，搅浑,词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 1. The word “” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _. 2.The word “” is most likely to mean _. 3. What do you think the expression “” stands for? 4. The underlined word “” means _. 5. The word “” is closest in me

4、aning to ,语境法 Context clues,构词法 Word formation,猜测词意,2011高考阅读理解专题,中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有： super- ( ) mini- ( ) micro-（ ） re- （ ） mis-（ ） im-（ ） un-（ ） in-（ ） non-（ ） -able（ ） -less（ ） -wards ( ),超,极微小的,误，恶,不，非,不，非,不，无,极小的, 微小的,再，反复,不,不，非,能的,向,Word Formation 构词法：,superman microwave (超人) nonnatural mispronounc

5、e (非自然的) homeless nonsmoker (无家可归的) rebuild eastwards (重建),Can you guess the right meanings?,(微波),(非烟民),(发错音),(向东),1. 定义描述,3. 因果关系,2. 同义反义,4. 举例归纳,5. 生活常识,6. 上下文推测,语境猜测词义,His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a yea

6、r.,动物学家,牧羊人,1、定义描述,小结：通常由定语从句或同位语引出词的具体含义,2.同义词 Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water, their fields. All the other members are of the same

7、opinion. They are unanimous.,圆胖的,灌溉,一致同意的,反义词 Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state

8、of turmoil .,污秽的,天生的,混乱,由and或or， like ,as as, the same as等连接的两个词构成同义关系； 表转折关系的词常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though ，in contrast, on the contrary等。,小 结,3、因果关系 One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. The river is so turbid that it is i

9、mpossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.,贫穷的,混浊的,独断专行的,常用关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，so, so that, such that therefore等)表示前因后果。,小 结,4、举例归纳法 Cars must have cer

10、tain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.,家禽,装置,常用such as, like， for example, for instance等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义 。,小 结,When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, yo

11、u will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water. In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever.,波纹,涟漪,颤抖,症状,5、生活经验, 生活常识, 逻辑推理,小 结,根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。 因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，

12、遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。,6. 根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义,例题： Tom cant find his sneakers. C. shoes,Tom cant find his white sneakers,Tom cant play tennis now because he cant find his white sneakers.,A. money,B. bowls,(2006年安徽卷)精品解析英语 Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. If anoth

13、er animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves. By describing lions as “opportunist” in the paragraph, the author means to say that lions_. A. are cruel animals B. are clever animals C. like to take advantage of other animals D. like to take every chance to eat,C,

14、小 结,所谓“词不离句，句不离章“讲的就是对于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情景。所以在猜测生词词义或句意时， 一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子， 对词或句子进行合情合理的推测，排除肤浅的表义，选择蕴含在其中的深意。,Inquiry-based Activities (I) 探究活动 (1),1. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever 2. Mrs. Smith is loq

15、uacious while her husband is the silent type. A. 活泼的 B. 好动的 C. 多嘴多舌的 D. 可爱的 3. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. A. 便士 B. 温饱 C. 非常贫困 D. 虚弱,小试身手,4. Although the hazards of the trip were many - for example, the unbearable heat, the lack of water, the poss

16、ibility of getting lost, the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes - Collins nevertheless decided that she must go. A) pleasures B) conveniences C) dangers D) equipment,5. Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,” “My Mom is smarter than yours

17、.” and “My family has more money than yours.” The word “boasting” means _. A. 骄傲 B. 吹牛 C. 顽皮 D. 幼稚,Passage 2 2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along

18、a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics. Which of the following words can best take the place of the word“relish”in the second paragraph? A. choose B. enjoy C. prepare for D. carry on,B,2010年高考大纲中关于阅读理解