大学英语综合教程 1 unit8

1、.,Unit 8 educational problems,Text A Fable of the Lazy Teenager,.,Pre-reading,Do you know any fables? What are they?,Lion and the Mouse, The Hare and the Tortoise, The Fox and the Grapes, The Shepherd Boy and the Wolf, The Fox and the Crow, The Dove and the Ant, The Fox and the Stork.,.,Picture Fabl

2、e Talking,Directions: 1. Work in groups 2. Rebuild the fables according to the pictures and key words 3. Select a presenter for your group 4. Tell your fable to the class and the moral lesson,.,Picture Fable Talking,.,Picture Fable Talking,Draw a Snake and Add Feet to It Long long ago, several peopl

3、e had a jar of wine among them and all of them wanted to drink it by himself. So they set a rule that every one would draw a snake on the ground and the man who finished first would have the wine. One man finished his snake very soon and he was about to drink the wine when he saw the others were sti

4、ll busy drawing ,so he decided to draw the feet to the snake. However, before he could finish the feet, another man finished and grabbed the jar from him, saying, Who has ever seen a snake with feet?”,.,Picture Fable Talking,Going too far is as bad as not going far enough.,.,Picture Fable Talking,.,

5、Picture Fable Talking,The Fox and the Crow One day a crow stood on a branch near her nest and felt very happy with the meat in her mouth. At that time, a fox saw the crow with the meat, so he swallowed and eagerly thought of a plan to get the meat. However, whatever the fox said to the crow, the cro

6、w just kept silent. Until the fox thought highly of the crows beautiful voice. “I am sure your voice is even more beautiful than your feathers,” said the Fox. “Wont you sing a song for me, Queen of Birds?” The Crow was so pleased she could hardly sit still. She lifted her head high, closed her eyes

7、and opened her beak to sing: CAW-CAW-C-CAW-W-W. The meat fell to the ground, right in front of the Fox.,.,Picture Fable Talking,Never trust a flatter.,.,Picture Fable Talking,.,Picture Fable Talking,The Milkmaid and Her Pail A milkmaid was going to the market. She carried her milk in a pail on her h

8、ead. She dreamt about the eggs she would buy when she sold the milk. The eggs will hatch; then she will sell the chickens. With the money she earned, she would buy fine clothes for herself. “ Ill buy a new dress, and when I go to the ball, all the young men will dance with me!” As she spoke she toss

9、ed her head back. The pail immediately fell off her head, and all the milk was spilt.The girl went back without anything. She felt very sad. ah, my child, said her mother. “Do not count your chickens before they are hatched.,.,Picture Fable Talking,Do not count your chickens before they are hatched.

10、,.,A Brief Introduction to Fable,The term fable refers to a short story in which animals or inanimate objects speak and behave like humans, usually to give a moral point. The term comes from the Latin fabula, “a telling.” The greatest teller of fables was Aesop. He was believed to be a Greek slave w

11、ho lived in the 6th century B.C. Another great teller of fables was Jean de La Fontaine. He wrote in France in the 17th century. La Fontaine based many of his fables on those of Aesop.,.,B R _ A Brief Introduction to Fable 2,Some of their best-known fables are The Lion and the Mouse, The Hare and th

12、e Tortoise, The Fox and the Grapes, The Shepherd Boy and the Wolf, The Fox and the Crow, The Dove and the Ant, and The Fox and the Stork. In the Chinese language, some idioms come from fables such as The Frog in the Shallow Well , His Spear against His Shield , Making His Mark.,.,Typical features of

13、 fables Short tales Not based on facts Intended to give a moral lesson Not stated directly but deduced by readers,.,Text A Fable of the Lazy Teenager,.,Part Division,.,Interview,Suppose you are a journalist and your partner is the author of the text. You have an interview with him. The interview sho

14、uld cover the following points: 1. the happening in the drugstore the reason why the author went there; a dialogue between the salesgirl and him 2. the authors feeling to the happening the problems American teenagers are facing such as ignorance, poor ability of calculations and other things 3. some

15、thing about the son of the authors friend 4. the authors purpose of offering a fable,Part 1,.,G R _ Questions and Answers1,Questions and Answers,1. Why did the author go to the drugstore one day?,He wanted to buy some file folders.,2. How old was the salesgirl?,3. What was the salesgirls reaction to

16、 the authors mental arithmetic (心算)?,Under 20 years old.,She was very surprised at it.,.,G R _ Questions and Answers2,5. What was the author?,He was a teacher at a college.,4. Did the salesgirl believe that the author did calculations by magic? Why or why not?,Yes. Maybe she believed it because she

17、could never do that.,6. What did the author think of American teenagers?,He thought they are ignorant and lacking in knowledge of world history and geography.,Questions and Answers,.,G R _ Questions and Answers3,7. In the authors opinion, what was the most serious problem for American teenagers?,8.

18、Why did the author give us the example of his friends son?,9. According to the author, what would happen if there was an idle, ignorant labor force in a modern industrial state?,They were indifferent to their ignorance.,He just intended to show the seriousness of the problem.,There would be many pro

19、blems in society such as plane crashes, computer jams and breakdowns of cars.,Questions and Answers,.,G R _ Questions and Answers4,10. What was the authors purpose of offering a fable?,He just wanted to make American teenagers understand the danger of their ignorance and intellectual laziness.,Quest

20、ions and Answers,.,D R _ word _ t1 run out of,run out of: use up or finish a supply of (sth.),To our disappointment, our car ran out of gas halfway home.,When they ran out of food, the soldiers set about hunting for more.,.,D R _ No modestly t2,1. What is the meaning of the phrase “such an experienc

21、e”?,The phrase “such an experience” means “the salesgirls ignorance.”,No modestly educated adult can fail to be upset by such an experience.,2. Paraphrase the sentence.,Any adult who has got average education will feel worried and unhappy about the ignorance the girl shows.,.,D R _ word _ t2 upset,m

22、odest: adj. immodest,A modest little house,1) Not very large/ expensive/important,etc.,2) Not talking much about your own abilities or possessions,She is very modest about her success.,3) Of people, especially women, or their clothes, shy about showing much of the body, not intended to attract atten

23、tion.,A modest dress,Adv. Modestly You really must be very good at what you do. I suppose I am, Kate said modestly.,.,D R _ word _ t2 upset,upset: vt.,They are terribly upset by the break-up of their parents marriage.,1) make (sb.) worry or feel unhappy.,be upset by / about,Pattern:,2) make ill in t

24、he stomach,The foreign food upset me / my stomach.,3) knock over, causing confusion,The boy upset the glass of milk.,Her plans were upset by the change in the weather.,.,D R _ word _t2 ignorant,Collocation:,ignorant: adj. knowing little or nothing,She was ignorant of her husbands illegal activities.

25、 Otherwise she would have done everything possible to stop him.,ignorant about / of 在方面无知的,Some people are ignorant of the facts about global warming.,我对计算机一窍不通。,Im rather ignorant about computer.,.,D R _ word _ t3 sum up,sum up: give a brief summary (of sth.),My teacher would sum up the main points

26、 of the lesson before he ended the class.,Alice summed up her Christmas holidays in one word: “Terrible.”,.,D R _ word _ t3 accumulate 1,accumulate: v. collect, or gather together, esp. over a period of time; make or become greater in quantity or size,I have accumulated many books over the last few

27、years.,Dust quickly accumulates if we dont sweep our room.,Collocation：,积累大量资料,accumulate a huge mass of data,积累经验,accumulate experience,积攒一笔财富,accumulate a fortune,积聚一大批藏书,accumulate a good library,.,两者均可指积聚大量的东西。 accumulate 强调经年累月地点滴积累。例如：,D R _ word _ t3 accumulate 2,Through the years he accumula

28、ted sufficient money to buy a farm when he retired.,He soon amassed sufficient evidence to support his case.,经过多年积攒，他有了足够的钱在退休时买下一个农场。,accumulate he just sits around the house all day.,idle: adj.,1) lazy,2) not working,Men are left idle when machines break down.,3) of no use,His words were just idle

29、 threats; he cant harm us.,Collocation：,stand / lie idle 闲着,The machinery stood idle for a month.,.,D R _ word _ t3 break down1,break down:,The elevators in this building are always breaking down.,Talks between the two countries broke down when the two sides failed to reach an agreement.,1) stop wor

30、king,2) fail,3) destroy; reduce or be reduced to pieces,They broke the door down.,.,D R _ word _ t3 break down2,Collocation：,逃走，逃脱,break away,闯入，强行进入；打断；插嘴,break in,闯入，强行进入,break into,逃脱，逃出；突然发生，爆发,break out,突破,break through,打碎；结束；解散；（学校）开始放假,break up,.,D R _ word _ t4 drive home,drive home: make (s

31、th.) clear so that people understand it,Peter was lazy. His parents tried to drive home to him the importance of hard work.,We must drive home to him where the difficulties lie.,我们必须使他彻底明白困难在哪里。,drive sth. home (to sb.),Pattern:,.,Each of the following pictures stands for a Kevin Hanley in a certain

32、 year. Match the picture with the description and then tell the class how this Kevin lives,Part 2,.,B,D,G,E,C,F,A,Kevin 2050 ( ),Kevin 1835 ( ),Kevin 1928 ( ),Kevin 1945 ( ),Kevin 1966 ( ),Kevin 1990 ( ),Kevin 2020 ( ),G R _ Rearrange the Order of the Pictures 2,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,., Kevin 1835, a poor p

33、easant in Ireland Kevin 1928, a steel-mill worker in Pittsburgh, U.S.A. Kevin 1945, a soldier fighting the Japanese army Kevin 1966, a student who studies all the time so as to get into college and law school Kevin 1990, a cleaner in a Japanese-owned factory Kevin 2020, a porter in a hotel for wealt

34、hy Europeans and Asians Kevin 2050, living in a slum and searching through trash piles for food,How this Kevin lives,.,D R _ word _ t6 better off,better off: richer than you were before; more comfortable,Its obvious that those who work hard are better off than those who dont.,现在，中国人的生活比以前强多了。,Nowada

35、ys Chinese people are better off than they used to be.,.,D R _ word _ t7 scared,scared: adj. frightened (often followed by of / to / that-clause),The lady has always been scared of snakes.,Im scared to fly in a plane. Im scared that it might crash.,.,D R _ word _ t10 adequate1,adequate: adj. enough

36、(often followed by to or for),Is the transport system adequate to deliver the food to remote areas?,对于初学者来说，这本书也够用了。,For the use of beginners, the book is adequate.,Her knowledge of English was adequate for the job.,CF:,.,D R _ word _ t10 adequate 2,enough 指“能够满足一种欲望或需要”，比较偏重数量，并可放在所形容的名词后面。例如：,Are

37、there enough apples for everyone?,sufficient 具有与 enough 相同的意思，只是更为正式，并较强调程度。,Fill in the blanks with the adequate, enough or sufficient. 1) We havent got _ information from which to draw a conclusion. 2) The pianist gave an _ performance. 3) There is _food for six people. 4) I hope you will prove _

38、to the job.,sufficient,adequate,enough,adequate,CF:,.,D R _ Kevin 2020s t9,What can we infer from the fact that the factory in which Kevin 2020s father works is owned by the Japanese not the Chinese or people from other countries?,It can be inferred that in the authors opinion the Japanese are the s

39、ymbol of success because of their hard work, education and discipline.,Kevin 2020s father, who is of course Kevin 1990 himself, works as a cleaner in a factory owned by the Japanese.,.,D R _ The man explains t11,1. Translate the sentence into Chinese.,那人跟凯文解释说，如果一个人没有钱，教育能提供积累金融资本所必需的人力资本。,2. Do you

40、 agree with that mans opinion? Why or why not?,The man explains to Kevin that when a man has no money, education can supply the human capital necessary to start to acquire financial capital.,.,D R _ they work t12, they work and study and learn and discipline themselves.,There are three words of “dis

41、cipline” in this text (Para. 19, Para.20, Para. 21). Tell the different meanings of them in Chinese.,The first “discipline” (Para. 19) means “训练”, the second (Para. 20) means “纪律” and the last one (Para. 21) means “约束”.,.,D R _ word _ t12 astonish 1,astonish: vt. surprise very much; amaze,They were

42、greatly astonished at the extraordinary beauty of the picture.,We were astonished to hear that he had passed his driving test.,这三个词在表示“使惊异”时，意义相近，一般以事物或人作主语；以人作主语时，一般用被动语态。它们的主要区别在于： astonish 特指不可能解释的事发生后使人产生较强的惊异感情。astonish 表示惊异的时间较 surprise 长久。例如：,CF:,astonish, amaze, or similar in their construct

43、ion, sound, meaning, or meter. This method adds balance and rhythm to sentences, giving ideas a smoother flow and thus persuasiveness, because of the repetition it employs. (1)Planes will crash. Computers will jam. Cars will break down. (Line 28) (2)He is always hot, always hungry, always scared.(li

44、ne54) He lives in a slum where (3)there is no heat, no plumbing, no privacy. (line79),.,For example: The neighbor may steal your money, your friend may cheat you, your wife may leave you, your son may neglect you, but your dog will be with you, whether you are rich or poor. Class work: parallelism a

45、t least 3 sentences,.,A R _ Writing Practice 1.1,2. Cause and Effect Essay Writing Cause and effect essays are concerned with why things happen (cause) and what happens as a result (effect). Cause and effect is a common method of organizing and discussing ideas. The following tips can help you draft

46、 this type of essay:,.,A R _ Writing Practice 1.2,Distinguish between cause and effect. To determine causes, ask, “Why did this happen?” To identify effects, ask, “What happened because of this?” Develop your thesis statement. State clearly whether you are discussing causes, effects, or both. Introd

47、uce your main idea, using the terms “cause” and/or “effect” . Find and organize supporting details. Back up your thesis with relevant and sufficient details that are organized. Use appropriate transitions. To blend details smoothly in cause and effect essays, use the transitional words and phrases.,

48、.,A R _ Writing Practice 2,A Sample Stamp-collecting is an excellent hobby for many reasons. First, everyone, young and old, can participate. Second, it is not expensive. Expensive equipment is not necessary. Third, stamp-collecting can enrich peoples knowledge in history and geography. Finally, tim

49、e, patience and interest are the only requirements of this fascinating and educational hobby. It is probably the most widespread of all hobbies.,.,A R _ Writing Practice 3.1,Some Common Connectors,is responsible for is the reason for leads to brings about causes results in produces contributes to,1)

50、,effect (lung cancer.),cause (Smoking),.,A R _ Writing Practice 3.2,occurs from results from follows from is due to is a result of,effect (Lung cancer),cause (smoking.),2),3),cause (He smokes heavily.),Therefore / Hence, So / Thus, Consequently, As a result, As a consequence,effect ( he gets lung ca

51、ncer.),.,they are attracted by foreign culture,_ .,a good knowledge of English will help students get a better job when they graduate from the university.,A R _ Writing Practice 4,You are required to complete the following paragraph.,Students study English for different reasons. The first reason is that,students may need English to read articles and textbooks about their subjects in English.,The second reason is that,many students study English because they have to! English is part of schoo