英语写作基础教程（第三版）

1、A Basic Course in Writing英语写作基础教程,贵州医科大学 雷妍,Chapter one,Manuscript Form and Punctuation (文稿格式和标点符号),一、Manuscript Form,1. Arrangement 2. Word division 3. Capitalization 4. Handwriting,一、Manuscript Form,1. Arrangement (1). two centimeters at the top (2). two centimeters at the bottom (3).one and a hal

2、f centimeters on the left (4).one and a half centimeters on the right,1. Arrangement,一、Manuscript Form,一、Manuscript Form,1. Arrangement,一、Manuscript Form,1. Arrangement (title) (5). The title or topic should be placed in the middle of the first line. (6). Every word of the title (including words fol

3、lowing hyphens in compound words) should be capitalized, except articles, preposition, coordinating conjunctions and infinitives. (7) The first or last word of the title should be capitalized.,一、Manuscript Form,1. Arrangement (title) Examples My Impressions of Beijing The Wall Between Where Do All t

4、he New Words Come From? What Traditions Mean to the Chinese A clean, Well-Lighted Place Different Views on Jane Eyre Interpretations of Robert Frosts Fire and Ice,Task 1 : Capitalize the following titles (p2) where i lived, and what i lived for are transgenic crops safe? well-known dramatists of the

5、 ming dynasty a day to remember approaches to teaching english as a foreign language criticisms on the ending of mark twains adventures of huckleberry finn,一、Manuscript Form1. Arrangement (title),Answers to task 1,Where I Lived, and What I Lived For Are Transgenic Crops Safe? Well-Known Dramatists o

6、f the Ming Dynasty A Day to Remember Approaches to Teaching English as a Foreign Language Criticisms on the Ending of Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,一、Manuscript Form,1. Arrangement (8). The first line of every paragraph should be indented (started after a space of four or five letters)

7、(9). Arabic numerals are generally used for paging. They can be put either in the upper right-hand corner or in the middle below the last line of every page.,1. Arrangement (10) attention: Never begin with a comma(,), a period(.), a colon(:), a question mark (?), an exclamation mark(!) Never ends wi

8、th 【 “ ( -,一、Manuscript Form,2. Word division (1). one syllable cannot be divided 单音节 (2). two or more syllables 双/多音节 a stressed close syllable usually takes a consonant with it dedicate -le is treated as a syllable people a single letter cannot be put at the end or begining of a line evoke, hearty

9、 Two-letter ending should not be put ar the begining of a line handed harden,一、Manuscript Form,2. Word division (1). one syllable cannot be divided 单音节 (2). two or more syllables 双/多音节 divisions that may mislead the readers should be avoided layman words with hyphens should be divided only at phens

10、broken -hearted two -syllable words with double consonant in the middle are as rule divided between the two consonants struggle divisons of proper names should be avoided. Paris,一、Manuscript Form,3. Capitalization (1). proper names (2). key words in titles (3). the first words of sentences,一、Manuscr

11、ipt Form,4. Handwriting (1) little space (about one letter) after a comma, and a slightly bigger space (about two letters) after a full stop. (2) draw a think line through a word to cross out it. (3) write an added word above with a clear sign showing where it is to be inserted.,一、Manuscript Form,二、

12、 Punctuation,The comma (,) The period (.) The dash / hyphen (-) The semicolon (;) The colon (:) The question mark (?) The exclamation mark (!) Quotation mark (“”) Parentheses/brackets () Square brackets(【】),(1). A comma is used to join clauses. It is put before the conjunction (and, but, or, for, so

13、, nor, yet ) (2). A comma is used after an adverbial clause or phrase. (3). Commas are used to separate a series of words or phrases with the same function in the sentence.,1. The Comma (,),二、 Punctuation,(4). Nonrestrictive clauses and phrases are Set off by commas. (5). Commas set off parenthetica

14、l elements. (6). In dates, a comma is used to separate the day and the year if the order is month-day-year, no comma need be used If the order is day-month-year. (7). Numbers 1,253,900 53,807,214,二、 Punctuation,1. The Comma (,),2. The Period (.),(1). used at the end of a declarative sentence, a mild

15、ly imperative sentence, and an indirect question (2). Abbreviations U.S.A. a.m. (3). Three spaced periods make the ellipsis mark,二、 Punctuation,3. The Dash / Hyphen (-),(1). indicates a break in thought or a change in tone, or a speakers confusion or hesitation e.g. Many people went there - did you

16、go? (2). indicates an unfinished or interrupted statement e.g. He is making preparations for - For going abroad?,二、 Punctuation,3. The Dash / Hyphen (-),(3). a pair of dashes set off a parenthetical element e.g. All his belongings - a few articles of clothing and a few books - are here. (4). introdu

17、ce a summarizing clause after a series of nouns e.g. Bob, Lily, Judy - none of them know where he is. (5) used like quotation marks in a dialogue. (6) introduce subheading and authors after quotation,二、 Punctuation,Task 2: punctuate the following passages. (P6),1. most american people are fond of ca

18、ts and or dogs it is said that every year they spend about $5.4billion on their pets including $1.5 billion on pet food four times the amount of money they spend on baby food now there are about 100 million dogs and cats in the country the number is still going up rapidly since 12 500 puppies are bo

19、rn every hour,二、 Punctuation,Most American people are fond of cats and/ or dogs. It is said that every year they spend about $5.4billion on their pets, including $1.5 billion on pet food -four times the amount of money they spend on baby food. Now there are about 100 million dogs and cats in the cou

20、ntry; the number is still going up rapidly since 12 500 puppies are born every hour.,Answers to task 2,4. The Semicolon (;),(1). between two coordinate clauses which are not linked by a conjunction. (2). conjunctive adverbs (3). used with conjunctions when the clauses contain internal punctuation. e

21、.g. He wrote a few good books when he was young and poor; but after he became famous and rich, he wrote nothing wroth reading.,二、 Punctuation,4. The Semicolon (;),(4). separate a series of items with internal commas e.g. Among those who joined the discussion were Miss Wu, a well-known writer; Mr. Li

22、, editor of the literary supplement of the local newspaper; Dr. Qian, a professor of literary criticism; and Ms. Sun, a famous historian.,二、 Punctuation,5. The Colon (:),(1). introduce a quotation or a statement (2) introduce an explanation, a summary or an appositive (3) used between hour and the m

23、inute to show the time 8:30,二、 Punctuation,2. its 745 on tuesday morning and 26 year old steve clerkson is going to work he puts on his jacket and picks up his cell phone paper and laptop as he leaves the house he turns on his mp3 player and put on his headphones he is ready to go,二、 Punctuation,Tas

24、k 2: punctuate the following passages. (P6),2. Its 7:45 on Tuesday morning and 26-year-old Steve Clerkson is going to work. He puts on his jacket and picks up his cell phone, paper, and laptop. As he leaves the house, he turns on his MP3 player and put on his headphones. He is ready to go.,Answers t

25、o task 2,6. The Question Mark (?),(1). used after a direct question (2) after a statement turned into a question e.g. You like it? (3) put between parentheses indicates the writers uncertainty about the correctness of the preceding word , figure, or date. e.g. Cao Xueqin, was born in an aristocratic

26、 family in 1715 (?), and died in poverty in 1764(?).,二、 Punctuation,7. The Exclamation Mark (!),(1). used after an exclamatory sentence, or an emphatic interjection, or a phrase expressing strong emotion. (2) Sometimes the exclamation mark is used after a slogan.,二、 Punctuation,8. The Quotation Mark

27、s (“ ”),(1). double quotation marks: enclose direct quotations (indirect quotation are not enclosed by quotations marks) (2). single quotation marks: enclose a quotation within a quotation e.g. The professor said, “Confucius says, Do not impose on others what you do not desire yourself. This is a ve

28、ry good principle of moral conduct. ”,二、 Punctuation,8. The Quotation Marks (“ ”),(3). used for titles and headings (4). used for words with special meaning (5) when other marks are quoted: - the comma and the period may be placed either inside or outside the quotation marks - the colon and the semi

29、colon placed outside the quotation marks - the dash, the question mark and exclamation mark are placed according to the meaning of the sentence.,二、 Punctuation,I dialed a number and the phone rang once twice then someone picked it up you got the wrong number a husky voice snapped before the line wen

30、t dead mystified I dialed again,二、 Punctuation,Task 3: punctuate the following passages. (P13),I said you got the wrong number came the voice once more the phone clicked in my ear how could he possibly know I had a wrong number at that time, I worked for the New York City Police Department a cop is

31、trained to be curious and concerned so I dialed a third time,二、 Punctuation,Task 3: punctuate the following passages. (P13),hey come on the man said is this you again yeah its me I answered I was wondering how you knew I had the wrong number before I even said anything you figure it out the phone sl

32、ammed down,二、 Punctuation,Task 3: punctuate the following passages. (P13),I sat there for a short time the receiver hanging loosely in my fingers I called the man back so you have figured it out he asked the only thing I can think of is eh nobody ever calls you you got it the phone went dead for the

33、 fourth time Chuckling I dialed the man back,二、 Punctuation,Task 3: punctuate the following passages. (P13),what do you want now he asked. I thought Id call just to say Hello hello why well if nobody ever calls you I thought maybe I should okay hello who is this,二、 Punctuation,Task 3: punctuate the

34、following passages. (P13),at last I had got through now it was his turn to be curious I told him who I was and asked who he was my names Adolf Meth Im 88 years old and I havent had this many wrong numbers in one day in 20 years we both laughed in this way we became phone friends,二、 Punctuation,Task

35、3: punctuate the following passages. (P13),I dialed a number and the phone rang once twice, then someone picked it up. “You got the wrong number,” a husky voice snapped before the line went dead. Mystified I dialed again.,Answers to task 3,“I said, You got the wrong number.”came the voice once more. The phone clicked in my ear. How could he possibly know I had a wrong number